中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (15): 2317-2322.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2593

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

计算机导航在全膝关节置换中的应用

江  正1,尹宗生2,陆  鸣2,胡  博1   

  1. 安徽医科大学第一附属医院,1骨病骨肿瘤科,2关节外科,安徽省合肥市   230000
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-16 修回日期:2019-09-18 接受日期:2019-11-15 出版日期:2020-05-28 发布日期:2020-03-20
  • 通讯作者: 尹宗生,博士,博士生导师,主任医师,安徽医科大学第一附属医院关节外科,安徽省合肥市 230000
  • 作者简介:江正,男,1985年生,安徽省合肥市人,汉族,2010年安徽医科大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事关节与肿瘤研究。
  • 基金资助:
    安徽省自然科学基金项目(1808085GH245)

Application of computer navigation in total knee arthroplasty

Jiang Zheng1, Yin Zongsheng2, Lu Ming2, Hu Bo1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedic Oncology, 2Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
  • Received:2019-09-16 Revised:2019-09-18 Accepted:2019-11-15 Online:2020-05-28 Published:2020-03-20
  • Contact: Yin Zongsheng, MD, Doctoral supervisor, Chief physician, Department of Joint Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
  • About author:Jiang Zheng, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedic Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230000, Anhui Province, China
  • Supported by:
     the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui, No. 1808085GH245

摘要:

文题释义:

导航下全膝关节置换:术中在患肢股骨侧及胫骨侧分别安装红外线反射球,通过红外线原理将信息传输到计算机里面,通过计算机重建患者的下肢力线及空间结构,从而指导医师正确截骨。该系统能降低医生的主观判断产生的失误,能够提高假体植入的准确性,改善患者膝关节功能及提高假体使用寿命。

导航的优势:与传统膝关节置换手术相比,导航下膝关节置换能够提高术后下肢力线的准确性;能够有更好的伸屈间隙平衡;且术中不要打开股骨髓腔,减少了术后引流量。

背景:随着精准医疗的发展,导航下膝关节置换越来越受到重视,其能够使假体植入更加准确,获得有更好精确的下肢力线,但同时也延长了手术时间。

目的:探讨Aesculap Ortho-Pilot非影像依赖无线导航在全膝关节置换中的应用价值。

方法:回顾性收集2017年4至11月安徽医科大学第一附属医院收治的42例单侧膝关节骨性关节炎患者病历资料,经同一手术医师完成初次全膝关节置换,按照手术方式分为2组:导航组在Ortho-Pilot非影像依赖无线导航辅助下进行全膝关节置换,非导航组进行常规的全膝关节置换,每组21例。记录两组手术时间、术后引流量;术后12个月拍摄负重X射线片,观察下肢机械轴线、胫骨机械轴近端内侧角、股骨机械轴远端外侧角、矢状面胫骨组件角与下肢力线偏差>3°的患者数量,同时评估患者膝关节活动度与膝关节功能HSS评分。试验获得安徽医科大学第一附属医院伦理委员会批准。

结果与结论:①导航组手术时间长于非导航组(P < 0.05),术后引流量少于非导航组(P < 0.05);②术后12个月,导航组下肢机械轴线、股骨机械轴远端外侧角、矢状面胫骨组件角分离变量的误差均小于非导航组(P < 0.05),两组胫骨机械轴近端内侧角分离变量与下肢力线>3°的病例数比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③术后12个月,导航组膝关节活动度大于非导航组(P < 0.05),两组膝关节功能HSS评分比较差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④结果表明,计算机导航辅助全膝关节置换能够提高下肢力线的准确性、假体安放的准确性及膝关节活动度,但增加了手术时间,应用时应综合考虑其利弊。

ORCID: 0000-0003-1243-9574(江正)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 膝关节置换, 导航下膝关节, 计算机辅助, 下肢力线, 关节成行术, 膝关节活动度, 组织工程, 力线误差

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: With the development of precision medicine, knee replacement under navigation has been paid more and more attention. Precision medicine allows for more accurate implant placement and better limb alignment. However, precision medicine can also make surgery much longer.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the application of Aesculap Ortho-Pilot non-image-dependent wireless navigation in total knee arthroplasty.

METHODS: Data of 42 patients with unilateral knee osteoarthritis admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from April to November 2017 were retrospectively collected. First total knee arthroplasty was conducted by the same surgeon. According to surgical methods, the patients were divided into two groups: the navigation group (n=21) received a total knee arthroplasty under the assistance of Ortho-Pilot non-image-dependent wireless navigation, and the non-navigation group (n=21) received a regular total knee arthroplasty. Operation time and drainage volume were recorded in both groups. X-ray film of weight bearing was taken 12 months after operation. Mechanical axis of the lower extremity, the mechanical proximal medial proximal angle of the mechanical shaft of the tibia, the distal lateral angle of the femoral mechanical axis, sagittal tibial component angle and the number of alignment deviation of the lower extremity (>3°) were compared between the two groups. Knee range of motion and Hospital for Special Surgery knee score were evaluated. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Operation time was longer in the navigation group than in the non-navigation group (P < 0.05). Postoperative drainage was less in the navigation group than in the non-navigation group (P < 0.05). (2) At postoperative 12 months, the variables of mechanical axis of the lower extremity, lateral angle of the distal end of the mechanical axis of the femur, and angular separation of the component of the sagittal tibia were smaller in the navigation group than in the non-navigation group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the quantity of lower limb alignment > 3° and the variables of medial angular separation of proximal end of the mechanical axis of the tibia between the two groups (P > 0.05). (3) At postoperative 12 months, the range of motion was larger in the navigation group than in the non-navigation group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in Hospital for Special Surgery knee score between the two groups (P > 0.05). (4) Results suggested that total knee arthroplasty assisted by computer navigation can improve the accuracy of lower limb alignment, accuracy of prosthesis placement and knee range of motion. However, the operation time was improved, so the advantages and disadvantages should be considered comprehensively.

Key words: knee arthroplasty, navigation, knee, computer-assisted, lower limb alignment, arthroplasty, knee motion range, tissue engineering, alignment error

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