中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (2): 300-306.doi: 10.12307/2022.1004

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

骨关节炎体外模型特点及设计新思路

李明秀1,王  轩1,杨  杰2,李  毅2   

  1. 1陕西中医药大学第二临床医学院,陕西省咸阳市  712046;2西安交通大学医学院附属红会医院足踝外科,陕西省西安市  710054
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-11 接受日期:2022-03-10 出版日期:2023-01-18 发布日期:2022-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 李毅,博士,主任医师,西安交通大学医学院附属红会医院足踝外科,陕西省西安市 710054
  • 作者简介:李明秀,男,1993年生,山东省济南市人,汉族,陕西中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事骨关节炎的基础与临床研究。
  • 基金资助:
    西安市卫生局2018年局级科研项目(J201802027);项目负责人:李毅;陕西省社会发展科技攻关项目(2016SF-333);项目负责人:李毅;陕西省重点研发计划一般项目(2020SF-099);陕西省创新能力支撑计划-创新人才推进计划-科技创新团队(2021TD-59)

An osteoarthritis model in vitro: characteristics and new design idea

Li Mingxiu1, Wang Xuan1, Yang Jie2, Li Yi2   

  1. 1The Second Clinical Medical College of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China; 2Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Received:2021-12-11 Accepted:2022-03-10 Online:2023-01-18 Published:2022-06-20
  • Contact: Li Yi, MD, Chief physician, Department of Foot and Ankle Surgery, Honghui Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Li Mingxiu, Master candidate, the Second Clinical Medical College of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Bureau-level Scientific Research Project of Xi’an Health Bureau in 2018, No. J201802027 (to LY); Shaanxi Provincial Social Development Science and Technology Project, No. 2016SF-333 (to LY); Shaanxi Provincial Key Research and Development Program, No. 2020SF-099; Shaanxi Provincial Innovation Ability Support Plan - Innovation Talent Promotion Plan - Science and Technology Innovation Team, No. 2021TD-59

摘要:

文题释义:
骨关节炎:是一种常见的退行性骨关节病变,由于增龄、肥胖、慢性劳损、创伤、关节先天异常等因素引起,其主要病变为关节软骨破坏、退化损伤、关节边缘和软骨下骨质增生,好发于膝关节,多见于中老年人群。
骨关节炎体外模型:骨关节炎的体外模型可以模拟引发骨关节炎的因素和条件,还可模拟解剖疾病中活跃的通路,对于研究该疾病病因、病理机制以及后续潜在治疗方法的设计和测试至关重要,可为个人及社会减轻健康和经济负担。目前还没有确定的体外模型金标准。

背景:国内外的相关文献报道,体外模型是研究骨关节炎发病机制和有效治疗手段的重要工具,各种体外模型均有其优缺点和相关应用,但到目前为止还没有一个理想的实验模型可以阐述骨关节炎的所有特征。
目的:综述近年相关文献,总结各类骨关节炎体外模型的优缺点及相关应用进展,为进一步了解骨关节炎及研究治疗方法提供一定帮助。
方法:应用计算机检索2010-2021年PubMed、中国知网、维普和万方数据库相关文章,英文检索词:“Osteoarthritis,in vitro,model”;中文检索词:“骨关节炎、体外模型”。选取相关性强、发表年限较新的合格文献进行综述,最终纳入63篇文章进行综述。
结果与结论:①骨关节炎2D细胞培养模型易于构建,也易于大规模生产,由于其缺乏典型的三维微观结构,缺少与周围细胞及细胞外基质的相互联系,因此只能适应于细胞水平研究。②外植体模型和3D细胞培养提供了与人体生理条件接近的内环境,不仅适用于研究细胞因子刺激机制,还可以用于研究骨关节物理损伤和生物力学对组织的影响,因此可以更好地研究骨关节炎的分子机制,并制定治疗措施,但从组织体积和维持细胞活力的角度来看,这些模型难以量产。③此外,文章还讨论了3D生物制造模型、类器官、芯片器官模型等先进组织工程模型,其中3D生物打印技术和生物反应器模型在精确控制组织结构、输送生物活性分子、动态培养细胞等方面具有明显的优势,但目前仍需进一步完善及创新。④总之,与2D细胞培养模型相比,体外3D组织模型更适合应用于目前的骨关节炎相关研究及其个体化治疗,未来希望研究者们将器官芯片技术、3D生物打印技术、生物反应器这些新兴技术进行整合,最终为骨关节炎治疗和药物测试开发一个更合适的平台。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2839-4078 (李毅) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 体外模型, 骨关节炎, 二维, 三维, 组织外植体, 治疗, 研究进展, 成本, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In domestic and foreign literature, an in vitro model is an important tool to study the pathogenesis and effective treatment of osteoarthritis. All kinds of in vitro models have their advantages and disadvantages and related applications; however, so far, there is no ideal experimental model that can study all the characteristics of osteoarthritis.  
OBJECTIVE: To review relevant literature in recent years and summarize the advantages and disadvantages of various osteoarthritis models in vitro and their related applications, providing further understanding of osteoarthritis and its therapeutic methods.  
METHODS: The articles related to PubMed, CNKI, VIP, and WanFang databases from 2010 to 2021 were searched by computer with the English search words: “osteoarthritis, in vitro, model” in English and Chinese. Sixty-three qualified literature with strong correlation and relatively new publication years were selected for review.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Two-dimensional cell culture models of osteoarthritis are easy to be constructed and produced on a large scale, but they are only suitable for studies at the cellular level due to the lack of typical three-dimensional microstructure and interactions with surrounding cells and extracellular matrix. Explant model and three-dimensional cell culture provide an internal environment close to the physical condition of the human body, which can be used to study not only cytokines stimulation but also physical injuries and biomechanical changes. Therefore, we can better study the molecular mechanism of osteoarthritis and propose available interventions. However, from the view of tissue volume and cell vitality, mass production of these models is difficult.  In addition, the article also discusses advanced tissue engineering models such as three-dimensional biofabrication models, organoids, and organ-on-a-chip models. Three-dimensional bio-printing technologies and bioreactors have obvious advantages in precise control of tissue structure, transport of bioactive molecules, dynamic cell culture and other aspects, but it still needs further improvement and innovation at present. In general, compared with the two-dimensional cell culture model, the in vitro three-dimensional tissue model is more suitable for current research and individualized treatment of osteoarthritis. In the future, it is expected to integrate emerging technologies such as organ chip technology, three-dimensional bio-printing technology and bioreactor, and eventually develop a more suitable platform for osteoarthritis treatment and drug testing.

Key words: in vitro model, osteoarthritis, two-dimensional, three-dimensional, tissue explant, treatment, research progress, cost, review

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