中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 83-90.doi: 10.12307/2022.972

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

小细胞外囊泡在牙周及牙髓再生中的应用与进展

刘润园,董  明,韩文青,董炬宏,牛卫东   

  1. 大连医科大学口腔医学院牙体牙髓教研室,辽宁省大连市   116041
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-22 接受日期:2022-01-29 出版日期:2023-01-08 发布日期:2022-06-06
  • 通讯作者: 牛卫东,博士,教授,博士生导师,大连医科大学口腔医学院牙体牙髓教研室,辽宁省大连市 116041
  • 作者简介:刘润园,女,1996年生,内蒙古自治区乌海市人,汉族,大连医科大学在读硕士,主要从事牙体牙髓方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省教育厅自然科学基础研究项目(LZ2019038),项目负责人:牛卫东;辽宁省教育厅面上项目(LJKZ0841),项目负责人:董明;辽宁省科学技术计划项目(2021JH2/10300027),项目负责人:牛卫东

Application and progress of small extracellular vesicles in periodontal and pulp regeneration

Liu Runyuan, Dong Ming, Han Wenqing, Dong Juhong, Niu Weidong   

  1. Department of Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2021-11-22 Accepted:2022-01-29 Online:2023-01-08 Published:2022-06-06
  • Contact: Niu Weidong, MD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Liu Runyuan, Master candidate, Department of Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116041, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Basic Research Program of Natural Science of Liaoning Provincial Education Department, No. LZ2019038 (to NWD); General Project of Education Department of Liaoning Province, No. LJKZ0841 (to DM); Science and Technology Planning Project of Liaoning Province, No. 2021JH2/10300027 (to NWD) 

摘要:

文题释义:
小细胞外囊泡:是由多种细胞(如上皮细胞、干细胞、免疫细胞和癌细胞等)分泌的纳米级胞外囊泡,存在于唾液、血液、乳液和脂肪组织之中,粒径为40-200 nm,形似杯状,具有脂质双分子层膜结构,内含DNA、RNA和蛋白质等遗传物质,参与细胞间通讯和疾病发生发展,可应用于疾病的诊断和治疗、药物的递送和组织再生。
牙周和牙髓组织再生:利用干细胞多向分化的能力,使其再生牙周膜、牙龈、牙槽骨和牙骨质的过程,有望代替牙周组织缺损治疗中的自体骨移植和异体骨填充等方法,称为牙周组织再生。当牙髓发生感染坏死时,传统治疗方法是根管治疗,但去除根管内牙髓组织后牙齿会失去活力,易发生根折,而牙髓再生是利用干细胞的多能性,形成含有血管、神经的牙髓-牙本质样复合体,为牙齿提供营养,恢复感觉能力和血运,促进牙根发育,预后优于传统根管治疗。

背景:小细胞外囊泡是细胞旁分泌途径中的重要成分,近些年小细胞外囊泡在口腔组织再生中的应用受到广泛关注。
目的:对小细胞外囊泡在牙周和牙髓组织再生中的作用和应用进展做一综述。
方法:检索近10年PubMed、Web of science数据库及中国知网和万方医学数据库,英文检索词为“small extracellular vesicles,exosomes,pulp stem cells,periodontal regeneration,bone regeneration,pulp regeneration,regenerative endodontics,revascularization”,中文检索词为“小细胞外囊泡,外泌体,牙髓干细胞,牙周组织再生,骨再生,牙髓再生,牙髓血运重建”。经过文题、摘要的筛选,排除相关性差及陈旧和重复的文献,对最终符合标准的71篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①小细胞外囊泡由多种细胞分泌,参与细胞间通讯,介导免疫应答反应,在组织再生中具有较大的应用潜力;②小细胞外囊泡在牙周组织修复再生中发挥重要的作用,可调控牙周炎症,促进牙周膜和周围骨组织再生;③小细胞外囊泡作用于牙源性干细胞可再生功能性牙髓-牙本质复合体。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6100-5038 (刘润园) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 小细胞外囊泡, 外泌体, 牙源性干细胞, 牙周组织再生, 骨再生, 牙髓再生, 牙髓血运重建, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Small extracellular vesicles are important components of paracrine pathways. In recent years, the application of small extracellular vesicles in oral tissue regeneration attracted wide attention.  
OBJECTIVE: To review the role and application of small extracellular vesicles in periodontal and pulp tissue regeneration. 
METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI and Wanfang databases were searched for relevant articles published in the past ten years. The retrieval MeSH Terms or key words were “small extracellular vesicles, exosomes, pulp stem cells, periodontal regeneration, bone regeneration, pulp regeneration, regenerative endodontics, revascularization” in Chinese and English, respectively. After removal of poorly related, outdated, and duplicate studies by reading the title and abstract, 71 articles were finally included in result analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Small extracellular vesicles were secreted by many kinds of cells, participated in intercellular communication and mediated immune response. Small extracellular vesicles have a great application potential in tissue regeneration. (2) Small extracellular vesicles play an important role in periodontal tissue repair and regeneration. Small extracellular vesicles can regulate periodontal inflammation and promote periodontal ligament and surrounding bone tissue regeneration. (3) Small extracellular vesicles improve dental stem cells to regenerate functional pulp-dentin complexes.

Key words: small extracellular vesicle, exosome, dental stem cell, periodontal regeneration, bone regeneration, pulp regeneration, pulp revascularization, review

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