中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 121-129.doi: 10.12307/2022.731

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

小胶质细胞极化介导炎症反应在脊髓损伤中的作用

史  旭1,李瑞语1,张  兵1,陈  奇2,左  华2   

  1. 1江苏大学医学院,江苏省镇江市   212000;2江苏大学附属医院骨科,江苏省镇江市   212000
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-22 接受日期:2021-10-22 出版日期:2023-01-08 发布日期:2022-06-06
  • 通讯作者: 左华,硕士,主任医师,江苏大学附属医院骨科,江苏省镇江市 212000
  • 作者简介:史旭,男,1995年生,江苏省盐城市人,汉族,江苏大学在读硕士,主要从事脊髓损伤相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    镇江市社会发展指导性科技计划项目资助(FZ2020077),项目负责人:左华

Effect of inflammatory reaction mediated by microglia polarization in spinal cord injury

Shi Xu1, Li Ruiyu1, Zhang Bing1, Chen Qi2, Zuo Hua2   

  1. 1Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2021-09-22 Accepted:2021-10-22 Online:2023-01-08 Published:2022-06-06
  • Contact: Zuo Hua, Master, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Shi Xu, Master candidate, Medical College of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Social Development Guiding Science and Technology Plan Project of Zhenjiang, No. FZ2020077 (to ZH)

摘要:

文题释义:
小胶质细胞:是神经胶质细胞的一种,相当于脑和脊髓中的巨噬细胞,是中枢神经系统中的第一道也是最主要的一道免疫防线,占大脑中的神经胶质细胞的5%-10%。小胶质细胞不停地清除着中枢神经系统中损坏的神经、斑块及感染性物质。小胶质细胞可以极化成M1和M2表型,对炎症反应分别有着不同的影响。
脊髓损伤:定义为外力直接或间接作用于脊髓造成的损伤,可由多种不同的原因引起,最常见的是交通事故和坠落,青年人是主要的受累群体。完全性脊髓损伤可导致受损平面以下部分或永久性的感觉和运动障碍、完全瘫痪甚至死亡。

背景:小胶质细胞极化参与脊髓损伤后的炎症反应,并在其中发挥关键作用。相关研究表明,有效诱导小胶质细胞从M1促炎表型向M2抗炎表型极化,可以减轻脊髓损伤后的炎症反应,促进组织的修复再生和神经功能的恢复。
目的:文章对小胶质细胞的功能和极化、小胶质细胞极化对脊髓损伤的影响及其潜在调控策略以及脊髓损伤后炎症反应进行综述。
方法:检索PubMed、Web of Science和中国知网数据库,英文检索词为“microglia,polarization,spinal cord injury,inflammation”,中文检索词为“小胶质细胞、极化、脊髓损伤、炎症”,按纳入和排除标准共纳入80篇文献进行总结。
结果与结论:①由小胶质细胞介导的稳定而持续的炎症反应,对脊髓损伤的预后至关重要。②在生理条件下,小胶质细胞处于M0静止表型,但在脊髓损伤后,小胶质细胞活化,进而极化成M1促炎表型,导致神经组织修复能力降低和出现持续性神经炎症。③在脊髓损伤的炎症反应过程中,调控小胶质细胞向M2表型极化或至少向M2表型倾斜,有利于抑制氧化应激反应、调节突触重塑、促进轴突再生和血管生成,是一种有效的调控策略。④截止到目前的研究表明,间充质干细胞、外泌体、临床药物、天然产物、miRNAs和靶点分子可调控小胶质细胞在M1和M2表型之间的转换,这为脊髓损伤后神经组织的修复提供了一种新的思路,未来需进一步研究小胶质细胞在脊髓损伤过程中调控极化的详细机制。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2614-7986 (史旭) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 小胶质细胞, 极化, 脊髓损伤, 炎症, 表型, 血管生成, 轴突再生, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Microglia polarization participates in and plays a key role in the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury. Related studies have shown that effectively inducing the polarization of microglia from M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype to M2 anti-inflammatory phenotype can reduce the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury and promote tissue repair and regeneration and the recovery of nerve function.  
OBJECTIVE: To review the inflammatory response after spinal cord injury, function and polarization of microglia and the effect of microglia polarization on spinal cord injury and its potential regulation strategies.
METHODS:  Databases of PubMed, Web of Science, and CNKI were searched for the articles with the keywords of “microglia, polarization, spinal cord injury, inflammation” in English and Chinese respectively. Finally, a total of 80 articles were included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Stable and persistent inflammatory response mediated by microglia is very important for the prognosis of spinal cord injury. (2) Under physiological conditions, microglia are in the resting phenotype of M0. After spinal cord injury, microglia are activated and then polarized into M1 pro-inflammatory phenotype, resulting in decreased tissue repair ability and persistent neuroinflammation. (3) During inflammation, regulating the polarization of microglia to M2 phenotype or at least tilting to M2 is beneficial to inhibit oxidative stress, regulate synaptic remodeling, and promote axonal regeneration and angiogenesis. It is an effective control strategy. (4) At present, the main strategies to regulate the phenotypic transition of microglia between M1 and M2 are mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, clinical drugs, natural products, miRNAs and target molecules. It provides a new idea for the repair of nerve tissue after spinal cord injury. In the future, it is necessary to further study the detailed mechanism of microglia to regulate polarization during spinal cord injury.

Key words: microglia, polarization, spinal cord injury, inflammation, phenotype, angiogenesis, axonal regeneration, review

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