中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 114-120.doi: 10.12307/2022.971

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

脊髓损伤后神经修复过程中的细胞微环境

朱正桓,邹红军,宋志文,刘锦波   

  1. 苏州大学附属第三医院,江苏省常州市   213003
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-24 接受日期:2022-02-15 出版日期:2023-01-08 发布日期:2022-06-06
  • 通讯作者: 刘锦波,博士,主任医师,教授,苏州大学附属第三医院,江苏省常州市 213003 宋志文,硕士,医师,苏州大学附属第三医院,江苏省常州市 213003
  • 作者简介:朱正桓,男,1997年生,江苏省常州市人,汉族,苏州大学在读硕士,主要从事脊柱脊髓损伤的基础和临床研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(81972048),项目负责人:刘锦波;国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(81901247),项目 负责人:宋志文

Cellular microenvironment in nerve repair after spinal cord injury

Zhu Zhenghuan, Zou Hongjun, Song Zhiwen, Liu Jinbo   

  1. The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2022-01-24 Accepted:2022-02-15 Online:2023-01-08 Published:2022-06-06
  • Contact: Liu Jinbo, MD, Chief physician, Professor, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China Song Zhiwen, Master, Physician, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Zhu Zhenghuan, Master candidate, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou 213003, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 81972048 (to LJB); National Natural Science Foundation of China (Youth Project), No. 81901247 (to SZW)

摘要:

文题释义:
细胞微环境:是由多种神经细胞、细胞外基质以及相关活性因子构成的脊髓内重要的局部微环境之一。细胞微环境中各种细胞及细胞间的相互调控以及非细胞组分对脊髓损伤后的神经修复发挥了重要的作用。
脊髓损伤:是由于外部因素导致的严重并发症,损伤节段以下肢体发生严重的感觉及运动功能障碍,给患者及其家庭乃至社会都造成了严重的情感与经济负担。

背景:以往的研究显示单一改变脊髓损伤区域某一基因表达或者某一细胞的状态,对脊髓损伤后功能恢复无显著影响,而大量证据表明调控脊髓损伤后紊乱的细胞微环境是神经功能恢复的关键因素。
目的:对脊髓损伤前后细胞微环境的生物学特性,包括多种细胞之间的相互调控以及细胞外组分对损伤神经修复的作用和机制进行综述。
方法:由第一作者检索PubMed及Web of Science数据库,英文检索词为“spinal cord injury,glial cell,neuron,immune cell,neural stem cell,extracellular matrix,cytokine,extracellular vesicle,regeneration”。文献检索的时间范围为2000年1月至2021年12月,最终筛选出64篇文献进行分析。
结果与结论:①脊髓损伤后,在细胞微环境的细胞组分中,占比最高的胶质细胞间的相互作用,以及与神经元的相互调控作用最为关键。②在脊髓损伤后的细胞外组分中,利用生物相容性良好的水凝胶模仿天然细胞外基质,可有效模拟和重建损伤区域内的细胞微环境,促进轴突伸长。③在脊髓损伤后的细胞外调节因子中,促炎因子如肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素1β等加剧了细胞微环境的炎症反应,应用受体抑制剂或阻断相关通路抑制上述促炎因子的表达是一种有效的治疗方法,同时在脊髓微环境中增加白细胞介素10等抗炎因子的表达,抑制损伤区域炎症发展的研究也陆续出现。④最近被重视起来的细胞外囊泡作为传递信息的载体在细胞微环境中也发挥了重要作用。⑤文章揭示了脊髓损伤后细胞微环境中的包括细胞组分和细胞外组分之间的多组相互调控关系,证实了细胞微环境中各组分之间所发挥的神经修复作用并不是孤立的。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1616-7580 (朱正桓) ;https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5345-4108 (刘锦波);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9481-1407 (宋志文) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 脊髓损伤, 细胞微环境, 胶质细胞, 神经元, 免疫细胞, 细胞外基质, 细胞外囊泡, 神经修复

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that a single change in the expression of a gene or the state of a cell in the area of spinal cord injury has no significant effect on functional recovery after spinal cord injury. An increasing number of evidence shows that the regulation of cellular microenvironment after spinal cord injury is a key factor hindering the recovery of neurological function.
OBJECTIVE: To review the biological characteristics of cellular microenvironment before and after spinal cord injury, including the effect and mechanism of mutual regulation among different kinds of cells and extracellular components on nerve repair after spinal cord injury.
METHODS: The first author retrieved the databases including PubMed and Web of Science for articles published from January 2000 to December 2021 using the key words of “spinal cord injury, glial cell, neuron, immune cell, neural stem cell, extracellular matrix, cytokine, extracellular vesicle, regeneration”. Finally, 64 articles were selected for analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) After spinal cord injury, among the cellular components of the cellular microenvironment, the interaction among glial cells, which account for the highest proportion, and the interaction with neurons are particularly critical. (2) Among the extracellular components after spinal cord injury, the hydrogels with good biocompatibility used to imitate natural extracellular matrix can effectively simulate and reconstruct the cellular microenvironment in the injured area and promote axonal elongation. (3) Among the extracellular regulatory factors after spinal cord injury, pro-inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β aggravate the inflammatory storm of cellular microenvironment. Using receptor inhibitors or blocking related pathways to down-regulate the expression of adverse extracellular regulatory factors is an effective therapeutic method in the cellular microenvironment. At the same time, there are also studies on increasing the expression of anti-inflammatory factors such as interleukin-10 in the microenvironment of the spinal cord and on inhibiting the development of inflammation in the injured area. (4) Recently, extracellular vesicles have also played an important role in the cellular microenvironment as carriers of information. (5) This article reveals multiple sets of mutual regulatory relationships between cellular components and extracellular components in the cellular microenvironment after spinal cord injury, emphasizing that the neuroreparative effects of various components in the cellular microenvironment are not isolated. 

Key words: spinal cord injury, cellular microenvironment, glial cell, neuron, immune cell, extracellular matrix, extracellular vesicle, nerve repair

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