中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 91-98.doi: 10.12307/2022.977

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

牙髓干细胞神经向分化及神经标记物的表达

席花蕾,薛  冰,徐婉秋,许晓航,姚丽红,王秀梅   

  1. 哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院口腔内科,黑龙江省哈尔滨市   150000
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-06 接受日期:2022-02-16 出版日期:2023-01-08 发布日期:2022-06-06
  • 通讯作者: 王秀梅,博士,主任医师,哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院口腔内科,黑龙江省哈尔滨市 150000
  • 作者简介:席花蕾,女,1995年生,内蒙古自治区通辽市人,蒙古族,哈尔滨医科大学在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    黑龙江省自然科学基金重点项目(ZD2019H002),项目负责人:王秀梅

Neural differentiation and neural biomarker expression of dental pulp stem cells

Xi Hualei, Xue Bing, Xu Wanqiu, Xu Xiaohang, Yao Lihong, Wang Xiumei   

  1. Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Received:2022-01-06 Accepted:2022-02-16 Online:2023-01-08 Published:2022-06-06
  • Contact: Wang Xiumei, MD, Chief physician, Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • About author:Xi Hualei, Master candidate, Department of Oral Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province, No. ZD2019H002 (to WXM)

摘要:

文题释义:
牙髓干细胞:是从牙髓组织中分离得到的一种干细胞,细胞形态呈梭形,具有自我更新和多向分化潜能,常静止在牙髓血管壁周围,当受到刺激后快速增殖和分化。
神经系统:是由中枢神经系统和周围神经系统两部分构成。其中中枢神经包括脑和脊髓,周围神经包括12对脑神经和31对脊神经。它是人体中重要的系统,是调节机体生理功能活动的主要组成部分。

背景:牙髓干细胞由于其来源广泛、免疫原性低并具有优秀的向神经系统细胞分化的能力,因此对神经系统疾病有潜在的治疗价值。
目的:总结牙髓干细胞神经源性标记物的表达特点,回顾以往牙髓干细胞向神经系统细胞分化的研究进展,为其应用于临床神经系统疾病的治疗提供研究基础。
方法:应用计算机以“牙髓干细胞、神经分化、神经细胞标记物、神经”为中文检索词,以“dental pulp stem cells,neuro-differentiation,nerve biomarker,nerve”为英文检索词,检索中国知网、万方数据和PubMed数据库中的相关文献,根据纳入标准并筛选,最终选择85篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①牙髓干细胞向神经细胞分化过程中所表达的几种常用的神经标记物主要包括:巢蛋白、性别决定基因相关转录因子2、βⅢ微管蛋白、胶质纤维酸性蛋白、微管相关蛋白2、S100钙结合蛋白B、神经元特异性烯醇化酶、神经元特异性核蛋白,文章总结归纳了上述标记物的特点、表达的时期以及在牙髓干细胞神经向分化研究中的应用情况。②目前研究表明,判断牙髓干细胞向神经细胞分化是否成功,需要结合形态学特征以及分化后细胞的功能进行综合判断,同时使用单一标记物很难专门识别单个细胞谱系,因此,未来有必要将多个标记物应用于一种细胞类型进行分析。③文章还从生长因子、信号通路及生物支架等方面介绍了牙髓干细胞向神经样细胞分化的方法,以期为诱导牙髓干细胞神经向分化研究提供理论参考。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7417-9865 (席花蕾); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1587-6406 (王秀梅)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 牙髓干细胞, 神经细胞, 神经分化, 神经标记物, 巢蛋白, 生长因子, 生物学特性, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dental pulp stem cells have a potential therapeutic value for nervous system diseases due to their wide source, low immunogenicity and excellent ability to differentiate into nervous system cells.  
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the neurogenic markers of dental pulp stem cells, and provide a research basis for their application in the treatment of clinical nervous system diseases by reviewing the previous studies on the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells into cells of the nervous system.
METHODS:  Using “dental pulp stem cells, neuro-differentiation, nerve cell markers, nerve” as the Chinese search terms and “dental pulp stem cells, neuro-differentiation, nerve biomarker, nerve” as the English search terms, the computer was used to retrieve articles published on CNKI, Wanfang Data and PubMed databases. According to the inclusion criteria, 85 articles were finally selected for review.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Several commonly used neural markers expressed during the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells into neural cells mainly include: nestin, SRY-related HMGbox-containing transcription factor-2, β III tubulin, glial fibrillary acidic protein, microtubule-associated protein 2, S100B, neuron specific enolase, and neuron specific nuclear protein. This article summarizes the characteristics of the above markers, the period of expression and the application of dental pulp stem cells to neural differentiation. (2) Current research shows that to judge whether the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells into neural cells is successful, it is necessary to combine the morphological characteristics and the function of differentiated cells for comprehensive judgment. At the same time, it is difficult to use a single marker to specifically identify a single cell lineage. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze more markers applied to the analysis of one cell type. (3) From the aspects of growth factors, signal pathways, and biological brackets, the method of differentiation of pulp stem cells to neuronal cells is introduced to provide theoretical reference in inducing dental pulp stem cells to neural differentiation.

Key words: dental pulp stem cell, neural cell, neural differentiation, neural markers, nestin, growth factor, biological properties, review

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