中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 138-144.doi: 10.12307/2022.956

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

尿源干细胞及其外泌体治疗肾脏病的作用

郭禹君,陆文君,杨书龙,李昭铸   

  1. 哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院小儿外科,黑龙江省哈尔滨市   150000
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-23 接受日期:2022-01-19 出版日期:2023-01-08 发布日期:2022-06-14
  • 通讯作者: 李昭铸,博士,主任医师,哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院小儿外科,黑龙江省哈尔滨市 150000
  • 作者简介:郭禹君,男,1997年生,黑龙江省海林市人,汉族,哈尔滨医科大学附属第二医院在读硕士,主要从事尿源干细胞及其外泌体作用的相关研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(81871837),项目负责人:李昭铸

Effect of urine-derived stem cells and their exosomes on kidney diseases

Guo Yujun, Lu Wenjun, Yang Shulong, Li Zhaozhu   

  1. Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Received:2021-11-23 Accepted:2022-01-19 Online:2023-01-08 Published:2022-06-14
  • Contact: Li Zhaozhu, MD, Chief physician, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • About author:Guo Yujun, Master candidate, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 81871837 (to LZZ)

摘要:

文题释义:
尿源干细胞:即尿液来源的间充质干细胞,可仅通过离心的方式从人类、兔、犬科动物的尿液中获取,最可能来源于肾脏组织,具备较强的自我更新和多向分化潜能,并可分泌细胞外囊泡发挥对多种疾病的治疗作用。
外泌体:属于细胞外囊泡的一种,起源于细胞的内体,通过多囊体与细胞融合释放至细胞外,通过旁分泌的形式作用于靶细胞。外泌体作为细胞间信息交流的运载体,携带核酸、蛋白质等活性物质,可以对靶细胞的多种生物过程产生调节作用。

背景:尿源干细胞为尿液中存在的间充质干细胞,具备自我增殖与多向分化的潜能,由于其本身存在于泌尿系统,并且很可能来源于肾脏组织,相较于其他间充质干细胞存在先天的优势,因此尿源干细胞及其外泌体可能具备对于肾脏病的特殊干预作用。
目的:综述尿源干细胞及其外泌体的生物学特性,以及二者在肾脏病领域的应用进展,以期为临床肾脏疾病的治疗提供新思路。
方法:以“urine-derived stem cell*,urine-derived stromal cell*,urine-derived mesenchymal stem cell*,urine-derived mesenchymal stromal cell*,urine-derived progenitor cell*,kidney diseases,acute kidney injury,diabetic nephropathies,kidney failure,chronic,tissue engineering,organoids”为检索词检索PubMed数据库,以“尿源干细胞,急性肾损伤,慢性肾病,糖尿病肾病,组织工程,类器官”为检索词检索CNKI数据库,发表时间限定为2000年1月至2021年10月。检索后严格按照纳入和排除标准进行人为筛选,最终纳入31篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①尿源干细胞作为泌尿系统来源的间充质干细胞,具备间充质干细胞共有的特性。此外,其在肾脏病领域是一种有效的干预措施和适宜的种子细胞来源;②尿源干细胞及其外泌体在急性肾损伤动物及细胞模型上,可以显著缓解肾功能损害和组织学损伤,抑制炎症、细胞凋亡和氧化应激;在慢性肾脏病(包括糖尿病肾病)方面,尿源干细胞及其外泌体可以延缓肾功能进展及组织学改变,抑制炎症细胞浸润及纤维化,发挥对足细胞的保护作用;此外,其在肾脏组织工程与再生医学领域的应用也同样具有广阔的前景;③虽然尿源干细胞及其外泌体在肾脏病领域的研究尚处于初始阶段,但已体现出较大的潜力和价值,在未来有望成为临床肾脏病治疗的有效手段之一。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5045-8330 (郭禹君) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 间充质干细胞, 尿源干细胞, 外泌体, 肾脏病, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Urine-derived stem cells, newly found mesenchymal stem cells in urine, have the abilities of self-renewal and multi-differentiation. Because urine-derived stem cells originate from urinary system, and kidneys are the most possible origin, whose diseases are close to where urine-derived stem cells intrinsically reside, urine-derived stem cells and their exosomes may have special effects on kidney diseases compared with other types of mesenchymal stem cells. 
OBJECTIVE: To review bio-characteristic of urine-derived stem cells and their exosomes and their applications in kidney diseases so as to provide new ideas for the treatment of clinical kidney diseases.
METHODS: PubMed database was searched using the English key words of “urine-derived stem cell*, urine-derived stromal cell*, urine-derived mesenchymal stem cell*, urine-derived mesenchymal stromal cell*, urine-derived progenitor cell*, kidney diseases, acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathies, kidney failure, chronic, tissue engineering, organoids”. CNKI database was searched using the Chinese key words of “urine-derived stem cells, acute kidney injury, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, tissue engineering, organoids”. The publication date was set from January 2000 to October 2021. Thirty-one articles were involved in the review after manually screening according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Urine-derived stem cells are characterized by features that mesenchymal stem cells commonly present. Additionally, urine-derived stem cells serve as an efficacious interference and seed-cells in the treatment of kidney diseases. (2) Urine-derived stem cells and their exosomes have the ability of ameliorating functional and histological injury, inhibiting inflammation, cell apoptosis and oxidative stress of kidneys in animals and cell models of acute kidney injury. In chronic kidney diseases and diabetic nephropathy, urine-derived stem cells and their exosomes can delay deterioration of renal function and histopathology manifestation, inhibit infiltration of inflammatory cells and fibrosis of the tissue and protect podocytes. Furthermore, urine-derived stem cells and exosomes serve as a promising interference in the field of kidney tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. (3) Although these researches are in primary stage, substantial potentials of urine-derived stem cells and their exosomes are sighted, and they are expected to become an efficient stem cell-based therapy for kidney diseases in the future.

Key words: mesenchymal stem cell, urine-derived stem cell, exosome, kidney disease, review

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