中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (7): 1093-1101.doi: 10.12307/2022.150

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞来源外泌体的生物学特性及免疫调控作用

郭  嘉,丁琼桦,刘  泽,吕思懿,周泉程,高玉花,白春雨   

  1. 济宁医学院精准医学研究院,山东省济宁市  272067
  • 收稿日期:2021-02-24 修回日期:2021-02-25 接受日期:2021-03-24 出版日期:2022-03-08 发布日期:2021-10-29
  • 通讯作者: 高玉花,博士,副教授,济宁医学院精准医学研究院,山东省济宁市 272067 白春雨,博士,副教授,济宁医学院精准医学研究院,山东省济宁市 272067
  • 作者简介:郭嘉,女,1999年生,山东省青岛市人,汉族,济宁医学院本科就读。 丁琼桦,女,1999年生,山东省枣庄市人,汉族,济宁医学院本科就读。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(31972755),项目负责人:白春雨;山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2020KH031),项目负责人:白春雨;国家大学生创新创业训练计划项目(201910443012),项目负责人:郭嘉

Biological characteristics and immunoregulation of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells

Guo Jia, Ding Qionghua, Liu Ze, Lü Siyi, Zhou Quancheng, Gao Yuhua, Bai Chunyu   

  1. Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2021-02-24 Revised:2021-02-25 Accepted:2021-03-24 Online:2022-03-08 Published:2021-10-29
  • Contact: Gao Yuhua, MD, Associate professor, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China Bai Chunyu, MD, Associate professor, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Guo Jia, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China Ding Qionghua, Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 31972755 (to BCY); Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China, No. ZR2020KH031 (to BCY); National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program, No. 201910443012 (to GJ)

摘要:

文题释义:
间充质干细胞:是一种多能干细胞,它具有干细胞的所有共性,即自我更新和多向分化潜能,其本身存在的低免疫原性能够逃避免疫系统的监控,避免出现免疫排斥反应,广泛存在于骨髓、骨骼肌、骨外膜和骨小梁中,可通过旁分泌发挥作用。
外泌体:是指包含了复杂RNA和蛋白质的小膜泡(30-200 nm),特指直径在40-200 nm的盘状囊泡,其主要来源于细胞内溶酶体微粒内陷形成的多囊泡体,经多囊泡体外膜与细胞膜融合后释放到胞外基质中。外泌体的功能取决于其所来源的细胞类型,其可参与到机体的免疫应答、抗原提呈、细胞迁移、细胞分化、肿瘤侵袭等方面。
背景:阐明间充质干细胞来源外泌体的合成、调控作用,对未来外泌体的研究及应用有重要意义。
目的:综述不同间充质干细胞来源外泌体的生物学特性及其在免疫调控中的作用,希望为未来外泌体的研究寻找新的突破点以及无细胞治疗提供思路。
方法:检索PubMed数据库、万方数据库、CNKI中国期刊全文数据库收录的相关文献。英文检索词为“stem cell,mesenchymal stem cells,exosmes,immunomodulation,inflammatory mediator,biological characteristics of exosomes,biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells,regeneration”,中文检索词为“干细胞,间充质干细胞,外泌体,免疫调控,炎性因子,外泌体生物学特性,间充质干细胞生物学特性,再生”,最终纳入105篇文献进行归纳总结。
结果与结论:间充质干细胞是广泛存在于机体各组织的一种多潜能干细胞,其除了具备干细胞特性外还具有免疫调控作用。间充质干细胞已被大量应用于临床,包括治疗新型冠状病毒肺炎患者,并取得较好的治疗效果。外泌体是一类起源于核内体、直径在40-200 nm的胞外囊泡,间充质干细胞来源外泌体具有与其母源细胞相同的免疫调控功能,例如携带免疫抑制因子、影响巨噬细胞向M2型极化、调节T细胞的分化及抗原提呈等作用。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2979-6060(白春雨) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程



关键词: 干细胞, 间充质干细胞, 外泌体, 免疫调控, 生物学特性, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Clarifying the synthesis and regulation of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells is of great significance to the research and application of exosomes in the future.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the biological characteristics in exosomes derived from different mesenchymal stem cells and the role of these exosomes in the immune regulation, which hopes to find new breakthroughs in the study of exosomes in the future and provide ideas for cell-free therapy.
METHODS: The articles were searched on PubMed, CNKI and Wanfang using the keywords of “stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, exosomes, immunomodulation, inflammatory mediator, biological characteristics of exosomes, biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells, regeneration” in Chinese and English. Finally, 105 articles were included for review.   
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells are a type of pluripotent stem cells that exist widely in various tissues of the body. Mesenchymal stem cells not only have stem cell characteristics, but also play an important role in the immunosuppressive properties. Mesenchymal stem cells had been clinically applied for the treatment of many diseases. Therefore, mesenchymal stem cells were used to manage novel coronavirus pneumonia, and had ideal treatment effect. Exosomes are endosome-derived nanometer-scale vesicles (40–200 nm in diameter). Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells have the same immune regulation function as its maternal cells, including that carrying immunosuppressive factors, promoting macrophages polarization into M2 type, preventing differentiation of pro-inflammatory T cell subsets and inhibiting antigen presentation. 

Key words: stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, exosmes, immunoregulation, biological characteristics, review

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