中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (9): 1459-1466.doi: 10.12307/2022.446

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

免疫调控淋巴回流功能治疗类风湿关节炎的机制及前景

张立创1,2,3,4,徐  浩2,3,4,马迎辉1,熊梦婷2,3,4,韩海慧1,鲍嘉敏2,3,4,翟伟韬1,梁倩倩1,2,3,4   

  1. 1上海中医药大学附属光华医院,上海市   200052;2上海中医药大学附属龙华医院,上海市    200030;3上海中医药大学脊柱病研究所,上海市   200030;4教育部重点实验室(筋骨理论与治法),上海市   200030
  • 收稿日期:2021-03-15 修回日期:2021-03-30 接受日期:2021-07-28 出版日期:2022-03-28 发布日期:2021-12-10
  • 通讯作者: 翟伟韬,主任医师,硕士生导师,上海中医药大学附属光华医院,上海市 200052 梁倩倩,研究员,博士生导师,上海中医药大学附属光华医院,上海市 200052;上海中医药大学附属龙华医院,上海市 200030;上海中医药大学脊柱病研究所,上海市 200030;教育部重点实验室(筋骨理论与治法),上海市 200030
  • 作者简介:张立创,男,1990年生,汉族,江苏省徐州市人,硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(81873321),项目负责人:徐浩;国家自然科学基金优秀青年科学基金项目(81822050),项目负责人:梁倩倩;国家自然科学基金重点国际合作与交流项目(81920108032),项目负责人:梁倩倩;上海市医学领军人才(2019LJ02);上海市曙光计划项目(19SG39),项目负责人:梁倩倩;教育部创新团队发展计划项目(IRT1270),项目负责人:梁倩倩;科技部重点领域创新团队计划项目(2015RA4002),项目负责人:梁倩倩;上海市“重中之重”临床医学中心(2017ZZ01010),项目负责人:梁倩倩;上海市三年行动计划项目[ZY(2018-2020)-CCCX-3003,ZY2018-2020-FWTX-7005],项目负责人:梁倩倩;长宁区“光华卓越PI工程”(2016-01,2016-06),项目负责人:梁倩倩

Mechanism and prospects of regulating lymphatic reflux function in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis

Zhang Lichuang1, 2, 3, 4, Xu Hao2, 3, 4, Ma Yinghui1, Xiong Mengting2, 3, 4, Han Haihui1, Bao Jiamin2, 3, 4, Zhai Weitao1, Liang Qianqian1, 2, 3, 4   

  1. ¹Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200052, China; 2Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; 3Institute of Spondylosis, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; 4Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200030, China
  • Received:2021-03-15 Revised:2021-03-30 Accepted:2021-07-28 Online:2022-03-28 Published:2021-12-10
  • Contact: Zhai Weitao, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200052, China Liang Qianqian, Researcher, Doctoral supervisor, Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200052, China; Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute of Spondylosis, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200030, China
  • About author:Zhang Lichuang, Master, Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200052, China; Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Institute of Spondylosis, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China; Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200030, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 81873321 (to XH); Excellent Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81822050 (to LQQ); Key International Cooperation and Exchange Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81920108032 (to LQQ); Shanghai Medical Leading Talents, No. 2019LJ02; Shanghai Shuguang Project, No. 19SG39 (to LQQ); Ministry of Education Innovation Team Development Project, No. IRT1270 (to LQQ); Ministry of Science and Technology Key Field Innovative Team Planning Project, No. 2015RA4002 (to LQQ); Shanghai “Top Priority” Clinical Medicine Center, No. 2017ZZ01010 (to LQQ); Shanghai Three-Year Action Plan Project, No. ZY(2018-2020)-CCCX-3003, ZY2018-2020-FWTX-7005 (to LQQ); Changning District “Guanghua Excellence PI Project”, No. 2016-01, 2016-06 (to LQQ)

摘要:

文题释义:
淋巴回流:炎症因子及免疫细胞经过淋巴管特定转运,由局部组织流向上级淋巴系统,并且在引流淋巴结进行初次免疫反应,最终重新返回血液系统。
类风湿关节炎:类风湿关节炎是免疫介导的慢性进展的炎性关节疾病,其破坏较为严重,多以关节内及关节外表现为特征,类风湿关节炎患者常伴有淋巴回流障碍,甚至明显的四肢水肿,后期关节畸形较为严重。
免疫调控:是指机体识别和排除抗原性异物,维持自身生理动态平衡与相对稳定的生理功能。

背景:近年来研究发现类风湿关节炎的病理进程与关节腔内的免疫反应密切相关,但是免疫细胞如何参与并调控类风湿关节炎病理改变的过程,目前仍未明确;另外,关节周围的淋巴管具有回流炎症因子、免疫细胞的功能,其与关节内微环境的改变也有非常密切的关系,因此淋巴管回流功能与关节内免疫反应的相关性研究逐渐成为该领域研究的热点。
目的:针对免疫调控淋巴回流功能治疗类风湿关节炎的研究方面进行综述。
方法:以“类风湿关节炎、淋巴水肿、淋巴回流、淋巴系统”和“Rheumatoid arthritis,lymphoedema,lymphatic drainage,lymphatic system”为检索词,在中国知网、PubMed、Web of Science数据库中检索2000年1月至2021年4月发表的相关文献,最终纳入67篇相关文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①类风湿关节炎的疾病进程中存在淋巴回流障碍,严重者甚至并发四肢的淋巴水肿,靶向淋巴回流功能可作为治疗类风湿关节炎的新型干预措施。②许多研究发现微环境中的炎症反应可促进局部淋巴管生成,其中巨噬细胞分泌的肿瘤坏死因子α促使淋巴管内皮细胞产生内皮生长因子C,内皮生长因子C作用于淋巴管内皮细胞使其增殖,淋巴管数量增加,淋巴回流代偿性增强。③长期的炎症反应又会抑制淋巴管平滑肌的收缩,其机制可能是淋巴管内皮细胞高表达一氧化氮合酶,促使淋巴管内皮细胞产生的一氧化氮增加,继而影响了淋巴管平滑肌细胞的收缩。④免疫调控淋巴回流方面,主要体现在淋巴管的生成,淋巴管的生成受巨噬细胞及T细胞的共同调节,现在已知的机制是巨噬细胞可分泌内皮生长因子C刺激淋巴管生成,而T细胞分泌γ-干扰素抑制淋巴管的过度增殖,但更具体的机制仍需进一步研究。⑤除了基础研究外,早期很多的临床报道也指出,类风湿关节炎存在淋巴回流障碍的现象,即使在进行关节置换后,这种慢性的淋巴回流障碍也无法解决。⑥很多基础研究发现调控淋巴回流会延缓类风湿关节炎的进程,因此淋巴管有望成为治疗炎性疾病的新靶点,目前靶向治疗淋巴回流障碍的药物仍然较少,仅个别研究发现依那西普、B细胞耗竭或局部注射内皮生长因子C可改善淋巴回流,另外,中医药中具有除痹作用的药物对促进淋巴回流有较好的疗效,未来中药中的有效单体成分可能成为靶向促进淋巴回流的新型药物。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6465-3604 (张立创) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 类风湿关节炎, 淋巴水肿, 淋巴回流, 淋巴系统, 关节置换, 淋巴管内皮细胞, 淋巴管平滑肌细胞, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, studies have found that pathological process of rheumatoid arthritis is closely related to the immune response in the articular cavity, but it is not clear how immune cells participate in and regulate the pathological changes of rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, the lymphatic vessels around the joint have the function of reflux inflammatory factors and immune cells, which are also closely related to the changes of intra-articular microenvironment. Therefore, the study on the relationship between lymphatic reflux function and intra-articular immune response has gradually become a hot topic in this field.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research on the regulation of lymphatic reflux function in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
METHODS: Chinese and English search terms “Rheumatoid arthritis, lymphedema, lymphatic drainage, lymphatic system” were used to search the relevant articles on China National Knowledge Infrastructure, PubMed, and Web of Science from January 2000 to April 2021. Finally, 67 related articles were included for review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The process of lymphatic reflow disorders exists in the process of rheumatoid arthritis. Severe people even experienced the lymphatic edema of the limbs. Targeted lymphatic reflux function can be used as a new intervention measures for treating rheumatoid arthritis. (2) Many studies have found that inflammatory responses in microenvironments can promote local lymphatic production. Tumor necrosis factor α secreted by macrophages causes lymphatic endothelial cells to produce endothelial growth factor C. Endothelial growth factor C acts on lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation, lymphatic tube increase, and lymphatic reflux compensatory reinforcement. (3) Long-term inflammatory response will inhibit lymphatic smooth muscle contraction. The mechanism may be that lymphatic endothelial cells highly express nitric oxide synthase, promote lymphatic endothelial cells to increase nitric oxide, which affects the contraction of lymphatic hemmus cells. (4) Immunization of lymphatic reflow mainly reflected in the formation of lymphatic tubes. The formation of lymphatic vessels is commonly regulated by macrophages and T cells. The known mechanism is that macrophages can secrete endothelial growth factor C to stimulate lymphatic production, and T cells secrete gamma-interferon to inhibit excessive proliferation of lymphatic tubes, but precise mechanisms still need further study. (5) In addition to basic research, many clinical reports have also pointed out that there is a phenomenon of lymphatic reflow disorders in rheumatoid arthritis. Even after joint replacement, this chronic lymphatic return barrier cannot be resolved. (6) Many basic studies have found that regulating lymphatic reflux will delay the process of rheumatoid arthritis, so the lymphatic tube is expected to be a new target for the treatment of inflammatory diseases. At present, the drugs that target lymphatic reflow disorders are still less. Only individual research finds that Etanercept Solutionfor, B cell depletion or local injection endothelial growth factor C can improve lymphatic return. Moreover, drugs with anti-phrochlorism have better efficacy to promote lymphatic return. The effective monomer composition in the future Chinese medicine may become targeted new drugs that promote lymphatic return.

Key words: rheumatoid arthritis, lymphoedema, lymphatic return, lymphatic system, arthroplasty, lymphatic endothelial cells, lymphatic muscle cells, review

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