中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (3): 354-359.doi: 10.12307/2023.050

• 组织工程口腔材料 tissue-engineered oral materials • 上一篇    下一篇

部分脱矿牙本质颗粒在上颌窦提升中的成骨性能

刘  欢,李  涵,马云豪,仲维剑,马国武   

  1. 大连医科大学口腔医学院附属口腔医院,辽宁省大连市  116023
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-26 接受日期:2021-11-15 出版日期:2023-01-28 发布日期:2022-05-20
  • 通讯作者: 仲维剑,副教授,硕士生导师,大连医科大学口腔医学院附属口腔医院,辽宁省大连市 116023
  • 作者简介:刘欢,女,1993年生,内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市人,汉族,大连医科大学口腔医学院在读硕士,主要从事种植牙和骨再生技术的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省自然科学基金(2015020313),项目负责人:仲维剑

Osteogenic capacity of partially demineralized dentin particles in the maxillary sinus lift

Liu Huan, Li Han, Ma Yunhao, Zhong Weijian, Ma Guowu   

  1. Stomatological Hospital of  Stomatology College of  Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2021-09-26 Accepted:2021-11-15 Online:2023-01-28 Published:2022-05-20
  • Contact: Zhong Weijian, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Stomatological Hospital of Stomatology College of Dalian Medical University,Dalian 116023,Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Liu Huan, Master candidate, Stomatological Hospital of Stomatology College of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, No. 2015020313 (to ZWJ)

摘要:

文题释义:
部分脱矿牙本质颗粒:将人牙齿去除牙釉质、牙骨质和牙髓后,研磨成直径为0.5-1.0 mm的颗粒,然后经过脱钙、脱脂、消毒、灭菌处理,可以作为修复颌骨缺损的骨移植材料,其成分与骨组织类似,含有丰富的钙磷等无机物和各种生长因子,其中的胶原成分是细胞再生的优良载体。部分脱钙处理可以使颗粒表面的胶原充分暴露,促进生长因子释放,有利于细胞的附着,加速骨组织再生。
成骨性能:是评价骨移植替代材料在骨缺损修复重建和骨组织再生中的能效指标。理想的骨移植材料应具有骨生成性、骨诱导性及骨传导性。

背景:研究证实牙本质颗粒具有良好的成骨潜能,其中未脱矿牙本质颗粒的空间维持作用好,但降解吸收缓慢,延缓了新骨生成速度;完全脱矿牙本质颗粒降解快,但支架作用不佳、新骨生成量有限。
目的:评价部分脱矿牙本质颗粒作为骨移植材料的组织反应与成骨效果。
方法:收集临床上拔除的废弃牙齿,去除牙釉质、牙骨质和牙髓,保留健康的牙本质,经过粉碎、筛选、煮沸、灭菌等处理制成直径0.5-1.0 mm的未脱矿牙本质颗粒;将牙本质颗粒先浸泡在2%硝酸中脱矿10 min,制成部分脱矿牙本质颗粒。取5只比格犬进行双侧上颌窦开窗提升骨缺损造模,随机分为2组,实验组植入部分脱矿异种牙本质颗粒,对照组植入未脱矿异种牙本质颗粒,术后3个月对植骨区进行大体观察、影像学检查和组织学测量分析。
结果与结论:①大体观察:两组植骨区愈合良好,无炎症反应,实验组植骨区表面较平坦,可见少量残留牙本质颗粒包埋在骨基质中;对照组植骨区表面不平整,可见较多牙本质颗粒;②锥形束CT检查:实验组植骨区为低密度的阻射影,牙本质颗粒与周围组织边界不清,移植的牙本质颗粒总体积减小,牙本质颗粒间影像密度较高;对照组可见高密度的牙本质颗粒阻射影,与周围组织边界较明显,牙本质颗粒吸收程度较实验组轻;③组织学观察:两组植骨区均未见明显的炎症细胞浸润,实验组牙本质颗粒呈虫蚀状吸收,周围有新生骨组织围绕,新生编织骨较致密;对照组牙本质颗粒吸收程度较实验组轻,新骨生成率低于实验组(P < 0.05);④结果表明:两种牙本质颗粒均可以诱导新骨形成,在相同时间内,部分脱矿牙本质颗粒的成骨效果优于未脱矿牙本质颗粒。

https://orcid.org/orcid.org/0000-0002-9568-0090 (刘欢)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性组织工程

关键词: 骨, 部分脱矿, 牙本质颗粒, 骨再生, 生物材料, 骨移植材料, 上颌窦提升, 动物实验

Abstract: BACKGROUND: It has been confirmed that dentin particles obtain good osteogenic potential. The non-demineralized dentin particles maintained well in space, but their degradation and absorption were slow, which delayed the rate of new bone formation. The fully demineralized dentine particles degraded rapidly, but the effect of scaffolds was not good, and the amount of new bone formation was limited. 
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the tissue reaction and osteogenic effect of partially demineralized dentin matrixs as bone graft materials.
METHODS: The enamel, cementum, and pulp were removed from clinically collected teeth, and the healthy dentin was preserved. The undemineralized dentin particles of 0.5-1.0 mm in diameter were prepared by grinding, screening, boiling, and sterilization. The dentin particles were demineralized in 2% nitric acid for 10 minutes, then cleaned and disinfected to produce partially demineralized dentin particles. Five beagles were selected for bilateral maxillary sinus elevation and randomly divided into two groups. Sinus in the experimental group was filled with partially demineralized dentin particles, and that in the control group was filled with undemineralized dentin particles. Three months after bone grafting, specimens were analyzed by gross observation, X-ray imaging and histological examination.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) General observation: The bone graft area in the two groups healed well without inflammation. In the experimental group, the surface of the bone graft area was flat, with remaining dentin particles. In the control group, the surface of the bone graft area was uneven, with a large number of remaining dentin particles. (2) Cone beam CT examination: In the experimental group, low-density image was observed; the boundary between dentin particles and surrounding tissues was unclear; the total volume of dentin particles in the bone graft area was decreased; and the density of new bone between dentin particles was increased. In the control group, the high density dentin particle image and surrounding tissue boundary were obvious, and dentin absorption was less compared with the experimental group. (3) Histological analysis: There was no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration in the bone graft area of the two groups. In the experimental group, dentin particles were absorbed like insect erosion, surrounded by new bone tissue; newly-born braided bones were dense. In the control group, the absorption degree of dentin particles was less than that in the experimental group. The rate of new bone formation was lower in the control group than that in the experimental group (P < 0.05). (4) The results show that both partially demineralized and undemineralized dentin particles could induce new bone formation. The osteogenic effect of partially demineralized dentin particles was better than that of undemineralized dentin particles. 

Key words: bone, partial demineralization, dentin particles, bone regeneration, biomaterial, bone graft, maxillary sinus lift, animal experiment

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