中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (9): 1342-1346.doi: 10.12307/2023.911

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

正常与骨质疏松髋关节模型的建立及有限元分析

郭苏童1,冯德宏1,郭  宇1,王  凌1,丁育健1,刘  仪1,钱正瑛2,李明洋3   

  1. 南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院,1骨科,2医学工程处,江苏省无锡市   214000;3北京中诺恒康生物科技有限公司,北京市   102299
  • 收稿日期:2022-12-09 接受日期:2023-02-04 出版日期:2024-03-28 发布日期:2023-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 冯德宏,主任医师,教授,南京医科大学附属无锡人民医院骨科,江苏省无锡市 214000
  • 作者简介:郭苏童,男,1996年生,江苏省连云港市人,汉族,南京医科大学在读硕士,主要从事关节外科、生物材料与骨组织工程研究。
  • 基金资助:
    无锡市社会发展科技示范(医疗卫生类) 项目(N20192006),项目负责人:冯德宏;无锡市卫生健康委科研项目(重大项目)(Z202010),项目负责人:冯德宏

Construction and finite element analysis of normal and osteoporotic hip models

Guo Sutong1, Feng Dehong1, Guo Yu1, Wang Ling1, Ding Yujian1, Liu Yi1, Qian Zhengying2, Li Mingyang3   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, 2Medical Engineering Division, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China; 3Beijing Zhongnuo Hengkang Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Beijing 102299, China
  • Received:2022-12-09 Accepted:2023-02-04 Online:2024-03-28 Published:2023-07-25
  • Contact: Feng Dehong, Chief physician, Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Guo Sutong, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, Wuxi People’s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi 214000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Wuxi Social Development Science and Technology Demonstration (Medical and Health) Project, No. N20192006 (to FDH); Scientific Research Project of Wuxi Health Commission (Major Project), No. Z202010 (to FDH)

摘要:


文题释义:

髋关节:由股骨头及髋臼构成,属球窝关节,是典型的结构稳定的杵臼关节。
有限元分析:利用数学近似的方法对真实物理系统(几何和载荷工况)进行模拟。利用简单且又相互作用的元素(即单元),就可以用有限数量的未知量去逼近无限未知量的真实系统。


背景:骨密度是临床上判断骨骼强度的金标准,但骨密度对骨量变化的敏感较低,只有骨量明显降低时骨密度才会出现大幅变化,故骨密度对骨强度变化和骨折危险度的预测能力有限。

目的:建立正常与骨质疏松髋关节模型,分析单腿站立工况下正常及骨质疏松患者髋部应力及形变情况。
方法:选择1例健康成年女性志愿者为研究对象,年龄36岁,获得该志愿者的髋部CT数据并以DICOM格式保存。对髋关节模型进行三维重建,通过灰度赋值法赋予材料属性,按照经验公式,获得正常与骨质疏松髋关节模型。设定相同的边界条件和载荷,模拟单腿站立位状态下正常与骨质疏松髋关节应力及形变情况。

结果与结论:①在正常及骨质疏松髋关节有限元模型中,股骨颈内侧区域应力分布较为集中;②在髋骨中,应力分布主要集中于髋臼上部;③正常髋关节模型比骨质疏松性髋关节模型在股骨颈内侧、髋臼上部的应力峰值大,可能是由于骨质疏松性骨骼骨强度降低导致;④正常及骨质疏松髋关节模型的Von Mises峰值都集中于股骨颈内侧,髋骨Von Mises峰值较小,说明骨质疏松对髋骨受力整体影响相对较小;⑤单腿站立位下形变方面,正常髋关节模型最大形变位于髋臼与股骨头处,骨质疏松髋关节模型最大形变位于股骨大转子上部;⑥提示有限元分析法模拟骨质疏松症骨组织的相关参数,可能会提高临床上对骨质疏松患者骨强度变化的监测和骨折风险的预测能力,从生物力学角度解释了股骨转子间、股骨颈是骨质疏松性髋部骨折的好发部位。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5582-7249 (郭苏童) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 髋关节, 骨质疏松, 灰度值赋值法, 应力, 形变, 有限元

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone mineral density is the clinical gold standard for determining bone strength, but bone mineral density is less sensitive to changes in bone mass, with large changes in bone mineral density only occurring when bone mass is significantly reduced, so bone mineral density has limited ability to predict changes in bone strength and fracture risk.  
OBJECTIVE: A model of the normal and osteoporotic hip joint was developed to analyze the stresses and deformation in the hip of normal and osteoporotic patients under single-leg standing conditions.
METHODS: A healthy adult female volunteer at the age of 36 years was selected as the study subject. The CT data of the hip joint of this volunteer were obtained and saved in DICOM format. The hip joint model was reconstructed in three dimensions, and the material properties were assigned by the gray value assignment method to obtain the normal and osteoporotic hip joint models according to the empirical formula. The same boundary conditions and loads were set to simulate the stresses and deformation in the normal and osteoporotic hip joints in the single-leg standing position.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In the finite element model of the normal and osteoporotic hip, the stress distribution was more concentrated in the medial region of the femoral neck. (2) In the hip bone, the stress distribution was mainly concentrated in the upper part of the acetabulum. (3) The stress peaks in the medial femoral neck and upper acetabulum were larger in the normal hip model than in the osteoporotic hip model, probably due to the reduced bone strength of the osteoporotic bone. (4) The peak Von Mises of both normal and osteoporotic hip models were concentrated on the medial femoral neck, and the peak Von Mises of the hip bone was smaller, indicating that the overall effect of osteoporosis on hip bone stresses was relatively small. (5) In terms of deformation in the single-leg standing position, the maximum deformation in the normal hip model was located at the acetabulum and femoral head, and the maximum deformation was located at the upper part of the greater trochanter of the femur. (6) It is suggested that the finite element analysis method to model the values of parameters related to bone tissue in osteoporosis may improve clinical prediction of bone strength changes and fracture risk. It is explained from the biomechanical view that the intertrochanteric femur and femoral neck are good sites for osteoporotic hip fractures.

Key words: hip joint, osteoporosis, gray value assignment method, stress, deformation, finite element

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