中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (2): 208-215.doi: 10.12307/2022.1015

• 组织构建实验造模 experimental modeling in tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

跑台运动改善糖尿病大鼠的认知功能障碍

吴双双,张  颖,寇现娟   

  1. 武汉体育学院健康科学学院,运动训练与监控湖北省重点实验室,湖北省武汉市  430079
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-29 接受日期:2022-02-19 出版日期:2023-01-18 发布日期:2022-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 寇现娟,博士,教授,博士生导师,武汉体育学院健康科学学院,运动训练与监控湖北省重点实验室,湖北省武汉市 430079
  • 作者简介:吴双双,女,1997年生,湖南省怀化市人,武汉体育学院在读硕士,主要从事运动干预与慢性疾病的防治研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81601228),项目负责人:寇现娟;教育部人文社会科学规划基金项目(21YJA890014),项目负责人:寇现娟

Treadmill exercise improves cognitive dysfunction in diabetic rats

Wu Shuangshuang, Zhang Ying, Kou Xianjuan   

  1. Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports Training and Monitoring, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2021-12-29 Accepted:2022-02-19 Online:2023-01-18 Published:2022-06-20
  • Contact: Kou Xianjuan, MD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports Training and Monitoring, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Wu Shuangshuang, Master candidate, Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Sports Training and Monitoring, School of Health Sciences, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81601228 (to KXJ); Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Fund of the Ministry of Education, No. 21YJA890014 (to KXJ)

摘要:

文题释义:
糖尿病认知功能障碍:由于机体长期高血糖而引起脑内脉管系统结构和相应功能改变,主要表现为记忆力减退、注意力不集中、学习能力下降,随着疾病进行性加重,后期可表现为严重痴呆,导致患者的执行功能障碍,严重降低患者的生活质量,糖尿病中枢神经系统病变所致的认知功能障碍是糖尿病最常见的并发症之一。
Wnt/β-catenin信号通路:其激活依赖于Wnt配体,Wnt配体又可以促进Frizzled-LRP5/6复合物的形成,而Frizzled-LRP5/6复合物又可以阻断β-catenin磷酸化;Wnt配体缺失则导致破坏复合物形成,并出现相反的作用。Wnt通路组成成分的表达在衰老脑中受到影响。Wnt信号的失调可能是导致神经系统退行性改变和认知功能障碍的重要因素之一,而运动可以激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路。

背景:有研究表明Wnt/β-catenin信号下调与认知障碍性疾病的发病机制存在着密切联系,运动可以延缓糖尿病病理进程,但其分子机制有待进一步探讨。
目的:探讨8周跑台运动对糖尿病大鼠认知功能障碍的影响及分子机制。
方法:30只雄性SD大鼠,采用随机数字表分组的方式,随机分为对照组10只、模型组20只。模型组创建糖尿病模型成功后,随机选取10只进行8周运动干预为运动组。利用Morris水迷宫、尼氏和NeuN染色、Western blot技术对各组大鼠海马组织进行神经营养因子、细胞周期、凋亡、衰老和Wnt信号通路相关蛋白表达的检测。
结果与结论:①Morris水迷宫结果显示,相较于对照组,模型组大鼠逃避潜伏期延长,穿越平台的次数明显减少,游泳轨迹也更加复杂(P < 0.05),运动组大鼠逃避潜伏期明显缩短,并且行为学轨迹更加简单;②尼氏染色结果显示,相较于对照组,模型组大鼠海马各区尼氏体较小,数量减少,胞体皱缩,胞核缩小,排列疏松;与模型组相比,运动组大鼠海马尼氏体增大,数目显著增加,形态结构趋向正常;③Western blot结果显示,相较于对照组,模型组环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白和脑源性神经营养因子蛋白表达减少(P < 0.001,P < 0.05),运动组上调了其表达;与对照组相比,模型组CDK5、cyclin D1、Caspase-3蛋白的表达升高(P < 0.001,P < 0.05),运动组降低了细胞周期和凋亡相关蛋白的表达;相较于对照组,模型组Sirt1蛋白表达显著下调(P < 0.001),p53和p16表达均增加(P < 0.001,P < 0.05),运动组降低了p53和p16 蛋白表达(P < 0.05),上调了长寿蛋白Sirt1水平(P < 0.001);④模型组大鼠海马中Wnt信号负调节因子DKK-1的表达增多(P < 0.001),运动组抑制了DKK-1的表达(P < 0.001),并降低了Wnt信号通路下游关键蛋白Axin1、β-catenin的表达水平(P < 0.05,P < 0.001);⑤结果提示,跑台运动可能通过上调Wnt/β-catenin信号通路调节细胞周期,抑制细胞凋亡,促进神经营养因子的分泌,从而改善糖尿病大鼠的衰老和认知障碍。
缩略语:环磷酸腺苷反应元件结合蛋白:cAMP response element binding protein,CREB

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6097-5406(吴双双);https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8625-8018(寇现娟)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 糖尿病, 运动, Wnt/β-catenin信号, 细胞周期, 神经凋亡, 细胞衰老

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Some studies have shown that down-regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling is closely related to the pathogenesis of cognitive impairments and exercise can delay the pathological process of diabetes, but its molecular mechanism needs further investigation.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of 8-week treadmill training on cognitive impairment in diabetic rats. 
METHODS: A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a control group (n=10) and a diabetes model group (n=20) according to the random number table. After the model was successfully established, 10 model rats were randomly selected as the diabetes exercise group. After 8 weeks of exercise intervention, the expressions of neurotrophic factors, cell cycle, apoptosis, aging and Wnt signaling pathway-related proteins in the rat hippocampus of each group were detected by Morris water maze, Nissl and NeuN staining, and western blot assay.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of Morris water maze showed that compared with the control group, the escape latency of rats was longer, the number of platform crossing was significantly reduced, and the swimming trajectory was more complex in the diabetes model group (P < 0.05). After 8 weeks of treadmill intervention, the escape latency was significantly shortened and the behavioral trajectory was simpler. The Nissl staining results showed that compared with the control group, the Nissl bodies in the hippocampus of diabetic rats were smaller and the number was decreased, with the cell body shrinking, nucleus shrinking and loose arrangement. However, compared with the diabetes model group, the hippocampal Nissl bodies in the diabetes exercise group were increased in size and number, and the morphological structure tended to be normal. Western blot results showed that the expression levels of cAMP response element binding protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor protein in the diabetes model group were significantly decreased compared with those in the control group (P < 0.001, P < 0.05), while the 8-week treadmill exercise increased their expressions. Meanwhile, compared with the control group, the expression levels of CDK5, cyclin D1 and Caspase-3 were significantly increased in the diabetes model group (P < 0.001, P < 0.05), while the 8-week treadmill exercise reduced the expression of cell cycle and apoptosis-related proteins. In addition, compared with the control group, the expression of Sirt1 protein was significantly down-regulated in the diabetes model group (P < 0.001), and the expressions of p53 and p16 were increased (P < 0.001, P < 0.05). However, the 8-week treadmill exercise reduced the expressions of p53 and p16 proteins (P < 0.05) and increased the level of longevity protein Sirt1 (P < 0.001). In terms of mechanism, the expression level of DKK-1, a negative regulator of Wnt signaling, was increased in the rat hippocampus of the diabetes model group (P < 0.001), while the 8-week treadmill exercise inhibited the expression of DKK-1 (P < 0.001) and reduced the expression levels of Axin1 and β-catenin, downstream key proteins of the Wnt signaling pathway (P < 0.05, P < 0.001). To conclude, treadmill exercise may regulate cell cycle, inhibit apoptosis and promote the secretion of neurotrophic factors by up-regulating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, thereby improving aging and cognitive impairment in diabetic rats.

Key words: diabetes, exercise, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, cell cycle, neuronal apoptosis, cell senescence

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