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13 August 2011, Volume 15 Issue 33 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Collagen and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 expression in human osteochondral allograft in storage media Yang Jian, Huang Wei, K-L Paul Sung, Liang Xi, Chen Hao, Chen Rong-fu, Xie Jing 2011, 15 (33):  6081-6084.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.001 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (1302KB) ( 356 )   Save BACKGROUND: It has been well known that mechanical loading could affect articular cartilage; however, the effects of mechanical loading on articular cartilage stored in tissue media have rarely been reported so far. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of loading environment on osteochondral allografts stored in tissue culture media. METHODS: Normal human osteochondral allografts were divided into three groups: control group, in which fresh grafts were used; common group, in which the osteochondral allografts were stored using common tissue culture media; mechanical loading group, in which osteochondral allografts stored in common tissue culture media were given a persistent periodical mechanical loading by a shaking table as a dynamic loading device.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 2 weeks after storage, western blot analysis and transmission electron microscopy showed that the dynamic loading condition kept tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 expression and collagen fibril ultrastructure in articular cartilage significantly better than in static condition (P < 0.01). The results showed that the loading condition benefits the chondrocyte function and collagen ultrastructure in articular cartilage of human osteochondral allograft in storage media. The dynamic noncontact loading may provide a better method in storing human osteochondral allografts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fluoride influences transduction pathway of transforming growth factor superfamily members expressed in osteoblasts Zhao Yang, He Tie-ying, Zhang Ya-lou 2011, 15 (33):  6085-6089.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.002 Abstract ( 254 )   PDF (1064KB) ( 520 )   Save BACKGROUND: Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta superfamily members are involved in bone turnover process in fluorosis, but the mechanism remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of fluoride on TGF-β1, BPM-2 and SMAD4 signal transduction pathway of osteoblasts cultured in vitro. METHODS: Human osteoblasts were cultured in vitro and then grouped according to (NaF) dose used: 0 (control), 0.625, 1.250, 2.500, 5.000, 10.000, 20.000, 40.000, 80.000, 160.000 mg/L．Cells were collected after 24 hours of culture, RNA extracted, and the mRNA expression of TGF-β1, BPM-2 and SMAD4 was detected using fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fluoride may affect mRNA expression of TGF-β1, BPM-2 in osteoblasts and their expression level was related to fluoride concentration. When NaF was 0.625 mg/L, NaF effect on osteoblasts was regulated via TGF-β1, BPM-2 and SMAD4 signal transduction pathway. When NaF was higher or lower than 0.625 mg/L, NaF effect on osteoblasts was not related to TGF-β1, BPM-2 and SMAD4 signal transduction pathway. There may be other transduction pathways involved in this process. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of protein-protein interaction network of osteoporosis and prediction of pathways underlying molecular complexes Zhang Zhi-guo, Niu Xu-yan, Liu Mei-jie, Li Yan, Lu Ai-ping, Ju Da-hong 2011, 15 (33):  6090-6094.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.003 Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (510KB) ( 910 )   Save BACKGROUND: Based on the protein-protein interaction network, the mechanism of osteoporosis can be understood more deeply and comprehensively. OBJECTIVE: To develop a protein-protein interaction network of osteoporosis based on genetic genes and to predict pathways underlying the molecular complexes in the network. METHODS: Genetic genes of osteoporosis were screened from OMIM database; literature mining for the genes was realized by Agilent Literature Search plugin, protein-protein interaction network of osteoporosis was established by Cytoscape, the molecular complexes in the network were detected by Clusterviz plugin and the pathways enrichment of molecular complexes were realized by DAVID online. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The protein-protein interaction network of osteoporosis contained 863 nodes, 2 925 edges and 4 molecular complexes. Pathways underlying complexes 3 involved immunological cell surface molecular adhesion, cytokines-receptor binding, hematopiesis and hemostasis; complexes 4 had relation to diabetes mellitus. Related Articles | Metrics

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Evaluation of fracture healing in patients with fracture complicated by traumatic brain injury using bone mineral density tests    Fu Lin-xiong, Zhang Shou, Chen Wen-yuan, Ding Xiao-li 2011, 15 (33):  6095-6098.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.004 Abstract ( 345 )   PDF (652KB) ( 400 )   Save BACKGROUND: Many clinical reports have demonstrated that traumatic brain injury can accelerate fracture healing. But this phenomenon has not been assessed by bone mineral density. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of traumatic brain injury on fracture healing using bone mineral density tests. METHODS: A total of 25 patients with traumatic brain injury complicated by femoral shaft fracture and 25 patients with femoral shaft fracture were included. All patients underwent reduction and received internal fixation using steel plate with screws. At 6 and 12 weeks after surgery, callus volume was determined by X-ray examination. At 1, 3, and 5 weeks after surgery, bone mineral density value in the fractured region was determined using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Callus volume in patients with simple femoral shaft fracture was significantly increased at 12 weeks after surgery than at 6 weeks after surgery. But the callus volume in patients with traumatic brain injury complicated by femoral shaft fracture was increased both at 6 and 12 weeks after surgery, and it was larger than that in patients with simple femoral shaft fracture. At 1, 3, 5 weeks after surgery, bone mineral density value was gradually increased in patients with traumatic brain injury complicated by femoral shaft fracture and it was also higher than the corresponding value at the same time point in patients with simple femoral shaft fracture. These results showed that traumatic brain injury can increase the callus volume during healing of femoral shaft fracture, boost the bone mineral density value in the fractured region, and shorten fracture healing time. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mandible resorption in a rat model of primary hypertension Zhang Zhi-yi, Wang Min, Hao Liang, Guo Yan-ling, Guo Ling, Luo Yun 2011, 15 (33):  6099-6102.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.005 Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (767KB) ( 374 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that osteoporosis incidence is higher in hypertension patients than in healthy population. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between primary hypertension and mandible resorption. METHODS: Primary hypertension rats were randomly divided into a model group and an administration group. Normal rats served as controls. The model and control group rats were given standard animal feeds without hypotensive drugs. The administration group rats were given standard animal feeds with hypotensive drugs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The blood pressure of model group rats was gradually increased from 10-22 weeks and tended to stable after 22 weeks. The blood pressure of the administration and control groups was low and stable. For the same age rats, the blood pressure was highest in the model group, followed by the administration group, and lastly the control group (P < 0.01). Mandible mass was significantly lower in the model and administration groups than in the control group (P < 0.01). In the model group, the cortical bone was thinner, with sparse, thin or broken trabecula and bone marrow cavity was enlarged. The pathological changes were alleviated in the administration group than in the model group. Results showed increased blood pressure can cause mandible reduction of rats with primary hypertension, which causes thinned and disordered bone trabecula and then increases the risk of frontal resorption. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fixation methods of tibial fracture model in rabbits Xu Zi-sheng, Li Xiao-lin, Ren Bo-xu 2011, 15 (33):  6103-6106.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.006 Abstract ( 329 )   PDF (1291KB) ( 466 )   Save BACKGROUND: An effective fixation method is the basis to maintain the stability of the fracture in titial fracture models in animals. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of four different fixation methods of tibial fracture model in rabbits. METHODS: Forty rabbits were randomly divided to four groups (n = 10). Straight legs and double plaster splints group: external fixation of straight legs using double plaster splints; shaping and double plaster splints group: external fixation of flexing knee and ankle using double plaster splints; shaping and plaster cast group: external fixation of flexing knee and ankle using plaster cast fixation method; both internal and external fixation group: internal fixation using kirschner wire and external fixation using double plaster splints on flexing knee and ankle. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The time that plasters fell was earlier and the infection rate of injured limb was higher in the straight legs and double plaster splints group and than in the other three groups (P < 0.05). At the 4th week after fracture, the number of rabbits showing displacement of fracture ends was smallest in both internal and external fixation group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that only the method that internal fixation using kirschner wire and external fixation using double plaster splints on flexing knee and ankle can maintain the stability of experimental rabbit tibial fracture. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of different neuropeptide receptors on osteoblast surface Zhang Xue-min, Ma Wen-hui, Shi Shu-shan, Zhang Wei-ping, Feng Zhi-jun, Li Ya-fei, Jia Heng-chuan, Hu Xing-mao, Zheng Xiao-hua 2011, 15 (33):  6107-6110.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.007 Abstract ( 346 )   PDF (1123KB) ( 375 )   Save BACKGROUND: A large number of studies have demonstrated that neuropeptide can regulate bone metabolism. There have been five neuropeptides found to participate in the process of bone metabolism. OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of different neuropeptides on the surface of osteoblasts of healthy adults. METHODS: Calcitonin gene-related peptide, tyrosine hydroxylase, P substance, neuropeptide Y monoclonal antibodies were used for immunohistochemical staining to observe the expression of various neuropeptide receptors on the surface of osteoblasts. In addition, semi-quantitative analysis of staining gray scale was performed through the use of computer image analysis system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Neuropeptide Y, P substance and calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor expression was observed on the surface of osteoblasts of healthy adults and these factors influence cellular biological characteristics after binding with corresponding receptors. The gray value from low to high was in the following sequence, neuropeptide Y, calcitonin gene-related peptide, tyrosine hydroxylase, P substance. Results showed that neuropeptide is an important regulatory factor of biological activity of osteoblasts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of optimal dose of estradiol combined with puerarin on bone in ovariectomized rats Huang Hai-ling, Li Hai, Wang Jin-hua, Li Biao, Zhao Qiong-zhi, Liu Jie, Xie Ji-sheng 2011, 15 (33):  6111-6114.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.008 Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (1228KB) ( 488 )   Save BACKGROUND: Low dose of puerarin combined with estradiol shows similar effects to high dose of puerarin or estradiol on treatment of osteoporosis in rats. OBJECTIVE: To search the optimal doses for estradiol and puerarin for treatment of typeⅠosteoporosis. METHODS: Sixty-four healthy female rats were randomly divided into eight experimental groups (n = 8): sham-operated, ovariectomized, puerarin-50, estradiol-200, puerarin+estradiol-5, 50, 10, 150. All rats were subjected to ovariectomy except those in the sham-operated group. Rats in the puerarin-50 group were subcutaneously injected with 50 mk/kg puerarin, once a day. Rats in the estradiol-200 group were subcutaneously injected with 200 μg/kg estradiol, twice a week. Rats in the puerarin+ estradiol-5, 50, 10, 150 groups were subcutaneously injected with 25 mg/kg puerarin, once a day and simultaneously injected with 5, 50, 10, 150 μg/kg estradiol, twice a week. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with sham-operated group, bone mineral density, bone calcium, and bone phosphorous of rats were significantly lower in the ovariectomized group (P < 0.05), and bone tissue presented with the pathological change of osteoporosis. After treatment with puerarin and/or estradiol for 10 and 20 weeks, bone mineral density, bone calcium, and bone phosphorous levels were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and puerarin+estradiol-100 group acquired the most obvious curative effects on osteoporosis. The results showed that 25 mg/kg puerarin (once a day) and 100 μg/kg estradiol (twice a day) is the best dose for treatment of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Balneotherapy combined with electrical stimulation for treatment of disuse osteoporosis Zhao Ting-gang 2011, 15 (33):  6115-6117.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.009 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (1033KB) ( 385 )   Save BACKGROUND: Both electrical stimulation and balneotherapy exhibit therapeutic effects on disuse osteoporosis. The combined application of these two methods has been rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of electrical stimulation combined with balneotherapy on biomechanics of rat models of disuse osteoporosis. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rat models of disuse osteoporosis were developed by resection of sciatic nerve and femoral nerve. After wound healing, rats were interfered for 8 weeks with electrical stimulation, balneotherapy or their combination. Rat body weight and femoral biomechanics were investigated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After denervation, body mass of rats with disuse osteoporosis was greatly increased, the femur exhibited obvious abnormality in material and structural mechanics. After electrical stimulation and (or) balneotherapy, body mass of rats with disuse osteoporosis was decreased, and the material and structural mechanics were improved. In particular after electrical stimulation combined with balneotherapy, the maximum load, breaking load, elastic modulus, and ultimate strength of the femur of rats with disuse osteoporosis were obviously improved. Related Articles | Metrics

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Change of blood-brain barrier permeability and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in a rat model of cerebral ischemic tolerance constructed by twice suture method Zhao Ren-liang, Wang Jing-yun, Wang Guo-feng 2011, 15 (33):  6118-6123.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.010 Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (1627KB) ( 391 )   Save BACKGROUND: Numerous studies have shown that, transient ischemic preconditioning (IP) induces cerebral ischemic tolerance. However, the underlying mechanisms of endogenous protection following IP remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes of blood-brain barrier permeability and matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression in a rat model of IP-induced cerebral ischemic tolerance at varying time points following focal ischemia/reperfusion. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: sham-surgery (n = 14), model (n = 70), and IP (n = 70). For IP group, the rats were given middle cerebral artery occlusion for 10 minutes to establish focal IP models. At 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days after IP, rat models were again subjected to ischemia for 2 hours. IP was not given to the model group. Sham-surgery group did not received middle cerebral artery occlusion. Neurological functions were determined at 22 hours following reperfusion. Cerebral infarct volume was measured with TTC staining. Change of blood-brain barrier permeability was evaluated by measuring the content of Evans blue. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein and mRNA expressions were determined by immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, the neurological deficit scores, infarct volume, blood-brain barrier permeability, ischemic brain edema, matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein and mRNA expression were significantly decreased or attenuated at 1, 3, 7 days of IP group (P < 0.05 or P< 0.01), these changes were apparent at 3 days. IP induced cerebral ischemic tolerance, the altered blood-brain barrier permeability and the decreased matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression induced by IP might contribute to brain ischemic tolerance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and evaluation of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease model in New Zealand rabbits Ji Rong, Tang Li 2011, 15 (33):  6124-6126.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.011 Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (998KB) ( 256 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fat-rich diet is an independent risk factor of nonalcolholic fatty liver disease. OBJECTIVE: To establish a rabbit model of nonalcolholic fatty liver disease. METHODS: New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into a control group and a model group. The model group rabbits were given fat-rich diet and the control group rabbits were given standard diet. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After raise for 12 weeks, hepatocytes of the model group rabbits developed diffuse fatty degeneration, inflammatory cell infiltration, necrosis and fibrosis were observed in the portal area and lobules. Abnormal liver was not observed in the control group. Liver index (liver weight/weight×100%), serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and triacylglycerol levels were significantly higher in the model group than in the control group (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05). These results showed that a rabbit model of nonalcolholic fatty liver disease was successfully established. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility to establish a mini-pig model of class II furcation defect Chen Shan, Yang Jun-ying, Zhang Sheng-yan, Feng Lei 2011, 15 (33):  6127-6130.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.012 Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (1243KB) ( 564 )   Save BACKGROUND: The premise of an effective evaluation of periodontal tissue regeneration is to successfully establish alveolar bone defect model. Most of previous studies use dogs as experimental animals, but the operation is more difficult. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of establishing an animal model of class Ⅱ furcation defect in mini-pigs. METHODS: Mini-pig models of class Ⅱ furcation defect were prepared. The model group did not receive any agents while the control group was weekly injected with 2.2 mg simvastatin/methylcellulose gel. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Eight weeks later, gross and pathological observation showed that it was empty in the defects of the model group and new bone was found in the control group. Mature fibrous tissue and proliferative vessels as well as a large number of osteoblasts and osteocytes were observed in the control group, while little new bone, proliferative vessels and a small number of osteoblasts were observed in the model group. These results showed that it is feasible to establish class Ⅱ furcation defect in mini-pigs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Estradiol does not affect bone tissue and bone metabolism indices in rat models of lead poisoning Chen Bing-pu, Li Hai, Chen Jian-hai, Li Biao, Zhang Shu-qiu 2011, 15 (33):  6131-6134.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.013 Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (1195KB) ( 357 )   Save BACKGROUND: There has been no consensus regarding whether lead poisoning can cause osteoporosis and whether estradiol exhibits curative effects on osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the curative effects of estradiol on osteoporosis-induced by ovariectomy and lead poisoning in rats. METHODS: A total of 100 female rats were randomly and evenly divided into five groups: normal control, ovariectomized, lead poisoning, estradiol+ovariectomized and estradiol+lead poisoning. At 1 week after ovariectomy, estradiol (100 μg/kg) was subcutaneously injected into the rats in the estradiol+ovariectomized and estradiol+lead poisoning groups, twice a week, for successive 12 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the ovariectomized group and lead poisoning group, calcium and phosphorus levels in the bone and serum were significantly decreased (P < 0.01), serum level of alkaline phosphatase was significantly increased (P < 0.01), and bone tissue showed the pathological change of osteoporosis. In the estradiol+ovariectomized group, serum levels of calcium, phosphorus, and alkaline phosphatase and bone tissue morphology returned to normal, while in the estradiol+lead poisoning group, no obvious changes in bone metabolism indices and bone tissue morphology above-mentioned did not recover obviously. The lead level in the bone and serum was significantly higher in the lead poisoning group, estradiol+lead poisoning  group than in the normal control group (P < 0.01). These results showed that lead poisoning can cause osteoporosis, and estradiol exhibits good curative effects on osteoporosis-caused by ovariectomy in rats, but it does not produce obvious curative effects on osteoporosis-caused by lead poisoning. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist on neurofilament protein 200 and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in a rat model of acute spinal cord injury Huang Jie-gang, Zong Shao-hui, Ou Chao, Xiong Chun-xiang, Zhao Yu-xi 2011, 15 (33):  6135-6138.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.014 Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (665KB) ( 321 )   Save BACKGROUND: Interleukin-1 receptor shows protective effects on spinal cord function recovery in rats with acute spinal cord injury, but the precise mechanism remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) on neurofilament protein 200 (NF 200) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in rat acute spinal cord injury tissue. METHODS: A total of 90 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-operated, normal saline and IL-1Ra treatment group. Acute spinal cord injury models were established by improved Allen’s method. At 1, 48 and 72 hours after model establishment, an 8-mm spinal cord segment was dissected longitudinally from the lesion site in each group. The NF200 and GFAP expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: NF200 and GFAP expression in the IL-1Ra trentment group was significantly higher than that in the sham-operated and normal saline group (P < 0.05). These results showed that IL-1Ra can increase NF200 and GFAP expression in the injured spinal cord segment and exhibit protective effect on acute spinal cord injury. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of α-asarone on construction of intractable epilepsy cell models by culturing hippocampal neurons with magnesium-free extracellular solution Wu Yue-juan, Wu Yuan, Su Jie, Tang Yu-lan, Yu Lu, Ma Mei-gang, Liu Yun 2011, 15 (33):  6139-6142.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.015 Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (745KB) ( 561 )   Save BACKGROUND: The hippocampal neurons exposed to magnesium-free extracellular solution could develop and express spontaneous recurrent epileptionform discharges. The model can be used as intractable epilepsy cell models in the clinic. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective effect of α-asarone on intractable spilepsy cell models. METHODS: The rat hippocampal neurons were harvested within 24 hours after rat birth. The neurons were identified by immunochemistry and cultured with 7.5, 15, 30, 60, 120 mg/L α-asarone. After 4 hours, the hippocampal neurons were exposed to magnesium-free extracellular solution to establish intractable spilepsy cell models. After 3 hours, the neurons were cultured with medium containing α-asarone for 24 hours. The vitality of hippocampal neurons was detected by thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Following culture with magnesium-free extracellular solution, the vitality of hippocampal neurons was significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and after culture with α-asarone, the vitality of hippocampal neurons was relatively increased. These results demonstrated that α-asarone can alleviate the damage to neurons in intractable spilepsy, exhibiting a protective effect on neurons in a dose-dependent manner. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effects of propofol on a mouse model of toxicity induced by lethal dose of N-methyl-D-aspartate Wang Heng-lin, Mi Wei-dong, Wang Yong-an, Zhao Cong, Wang Zhuo-qiang 2011, 15 (33):  6143-6146.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.016 Abstract ( 292 )   PDF (694KB) ( 321 )   Save BACKGROUND: Propofol exhibits good anticonvulsive effects, but the potential mechanism remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of profofol on the ethological changes and survival rate of mouse models with toxicity induced by lethal dose of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA). METHODS: Kunming mouse models of toxicity-induced by NMDA were established. Before NMDA administration, propofol was subcutaneously administered at a dose of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg. The ethological changes and survival rate of toxic mice were observed. The positive control group mice were subcutaneously administered nonspecific NMDA receptor antagonist MK801 (2 mg/kg). A fat milk group was set and the same amount of fat milk was subcutaneously administered as control. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: NMDA at a dose of 175 mg/kg resulted in general seizure, and made all mice die within 10 minutes after convulsion. When 12.5, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mg/kg propofol was intraperitoneally administrated to mice within 10 minutes before NMDA injection, convulsion rate was decreased and survival rate was increased, in a dose-dependent manner. MK801 (2 mg/kg) could completely prevent convulsion, while fat milk could not produce protective effects on lethal dose of NMDA-induced toxicity in mice. These results showed that the anticonvulsive effect of propofol is possibly related to NMDA receptor. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Fasudil and RhoA gene silencing on nerve repair in a rat model of spinal cord injury Liu Xing-jun, Wang Lei-bo, Chen Zi-xiang, Zhang Sai 2011, 15 (33):  6147-6151.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.017 Abstract ( 242 )   PDF (731KB) ( 399 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that Rho kinase can lead to collapse of nerve growth cone and exhibits an inhibitory effect on nerve repair. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Rho kinase inhibitor Fasudil and RNAi-mediated RhoA gene silencing on nerve repair in a rat model of spinal cord injury. METHODS: Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were prepared into spinal cord hemisection and then were randomly divided into control, Fasudil and RhoA siRNA groups. The Fasudil group rats were intraperitoneally injected with 10 mg/kg Fasudil, twice a day, for successive 1 week. The RhoA siRNA group rats were injected with RhoA siRNA expression plasmid into spinal cord injury area. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 4 weeks after injection, the hind limb motor function of the Fasudil and RhoA siRNA group rats was obviously recovered, neuronal axon-like structure was observed, horseradish peroxidase-positive nerve fibers were increased (P < 0.05), somatosensory evoked potential latency was obviously shortened, and amplitude was significantly increased (P < 0.05). These results showed that after spinal cord injury, Rho kinase inhibitor Fasudil and RNAi-mediated RhoA gene silencing can promote the neurofunctional recovery of injured spinal cord. Related Articles | Metrics

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Regulation of activin gene expression by epidermal growth factor and its signal pathway in the ovary Chen Ling-qin, Tang Zeng-yao, Jin Xuan 2011, 15 (33):  6152-6156.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.018 Abstract ( 382 )   PDF (385KB) ( 357 )   Save BACKGROUND: As a regulator in the ovary, activin plays an important role in the development of ovarian follicle. OBJECTIVE: To explore effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on activin gene expression and the signal pathway participating in regulation. METHODS: The follicles were separated from ovaries of zebra fish and cultured in vitro for 6 days. After digestion, cells were subcultured for 24 hours. The cells were treated with EGF alone, or combined with pharmacological inhibitor (AG1478, H89, GF109203X) or activator (Forskolin, PMA). Cell RNA was extracted. The expression of activin βA was detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: EGF rapidly increased activin βA expression, and phosphorylation of two mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) was enhanced by EGF. A specific pharmacological inhibitor or activator of protein kinase C (PKC) decreased or increased the stimulation of EGF on MAPKs phosphorylation. These results demonstrate that activins working as intraovarian regulatory moleculars modulate the follicular development in ovary, its expression is regulated by EGF, PKC/MAPKs signal pathway involved in the regulation on activin βA expression. Protein kinase A inhibitor can suppress the promoting effect of EGF on activin expression. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in bone mass, insulin-like growth factor 1, transforming growth factor β and interleukin 6 during long-term progressively increasing load training Zheng Lu, Wang Zhi-qiang, Chen Xiao-hong 2011, 15 (33):  6157-6160.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.019 Abstract ( 363 )   PDF (561KB) ( 319 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that a reasonable amount of regular exercise can increase bone mass and excessive exercise would influence the accumulation of bone mass. However, the precise mechanism underlying the effect of excessive exercise on bone metabolism remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of long-term progressively increasing load training on bone mass and bone metabolism. METHODES: Sprague-Dawley rats were given 4, 9, 11, 13, 15 and 17 weeks of progressively increasing load exercise. A control group was set. Estradiol level in each group was measured by radioimmunoassay and serum level of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Bone mineral density in each group was determined by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, IGF-1 and TGF-β levels were significantly decreased after 9 and 17 weeks of training (P < 0.05), TGF-β level was significantly increased after 4 weeks of training (P < 0.05), IL-6 level was significantly increased after 9, 15, and 17 weeks of training (P < 0.05), estradiol level was significantly decreased after 13, 15 and 17 weeks of training (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), and bone mineral density was significantly decreased after 15 and 17 weeks of training (P < 0.01). Results showed that long-term progressively increasing load training resulted in bone metabolism changes from bone formation to bone absorption superiority and finally leaded to decrease in bone mineral density. The reasons of bone resorption superiority may be related to inhibition of sex gland axis and lower serum estradiol level. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of modified acidic fibroblast growth factor on free radical and lipid peroxide in aging model rats 2011, 15 (33):  6161-6164.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.020 Abstract ( 279 )   PDF (794KB) ( 371 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that modified acidic fibroblast growth factor (maFGF) is a multifunctional growth factor, but its anti-aging effects have not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of maFGF on superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyl radical ability in cerebral cortex, liver tissue and serum of subacute aging model rats. METHODS: Adult Wistar rats were established into aging models by subcutaneous injection of D-galactose. Then aging rat models were assigned to three groups: model, saline control, maFGF. A normal control group was set. The maFGF group rats were intramuscularly injected with 12 µg/kg maFGF. The saline control group was intramuscularly injected with the same amount of saline. The model group rats did not receive any intervention. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with model and saline control groups, SOD activity and hydroxyl radical ability in cerebral cortex, liver tissue and serum were significantly increased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05), and MDA level was significantly decreased (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05) in the maFGF group. Results showed that maFGF decreases free radial level, enhances organism’s anti-aging ability, and thereby exhibiting anti-aging effects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of a-zearanol on interleukin-1, 6 expressions in a rat model of osteoporotic fracture Zong Shao-hui, Wei Bo, Zeng Gao-feng, Xiong Chun-xiang, Zhao Yu-xi 2011, 15 (33):  6165-6167.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.021 Abstract ( 239 )   PDF (957KB) ( 499 )   Save BACKGROUND: a-zearanol (α-ZAL) is a new phytoestrogen that may have some physiological functions of animal estrogen. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of α-ZAL on interleukin (IL)-1and IL-6 in rats with osteoporotic fracture. METHODS: Osteoporosis was induced in 40 female 6-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats by bilateral ovariectomy. Thereafter, the right tibia was cut off to establish rat models of fracture. One week later, rats were intragastrically administered 0.066 mg/kg estradiol, or 10, 5, 1 mg/kg α-ZAL and dimethyl sulfoxide; another 10 rats did not underwent ovariectomy, but developed fracture and received intragastric administration of dimethyl sulfoxide. After administration for 35 days, serum level of IL-1 and IL-6 was determined by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After ovariectomy, serum level of IL-1 and IL-6 was obviously increased in fracture rats. 5,  1 mg/kg α-ZAL and 0.066 mg/kg estradiol could markedly decrease serum level of IL-1 and IL-6 in osteoporotic fracture rats, but   10 mg/kg α-ZAL did not produce obvious effects. The results showed that α-ZAL could decrease serum level of IL-1 and IL-6 in osteoporotic fracture rats in a dose-dependent manner. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of insulin-like growth factor -Ⅰ in the healing of fracture complicated by central nervous system injury Wang Lin 2011, 15 (33):  6168-6172.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.022 Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (1515KB) ( 294 )   Save BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor -Ⅰ (IGF- Ⅰ) is synthesized by osteoblasts and has promotive effects on osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of central nerves system injury on expression of IGF- Ⅰ in blood serum, bony callus and fracture healing. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: normal control group; simple fracture group; brain injury-fracture group; and spinal cord injury-fracture group. The level of IGF- Ⅰ in serum was measured at 1, 2 and 3 weeks after operation. Bony callus healing was evaluated by X-ray films at 2 and 3 weeks after operation. The femur was harvested at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks to measure the bony callus volume. The local expression of IGF- Ⅰin fracture sites were determined by immunohistochemical staining at 3 days, 1 and 2 weeks after operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The serum IGF- Ⅰ in the normal group and simple fracture group was not changed greatly, but the bone callus volume and X-ray film grades of the brain injury-fracture group and spinal cord injury-fracture group were larger than those in the simple fracture group (P < 0.05). The concentrations of IGF- Ⅰ in the brain injury-fracture group and spinal cord injury-fracture group were increased significantly than those of other two groups at 3 days, 1 and 2 weeks after operation (P < 0.01); the count of positive cells in the brain injury-fracture group and spinal cord injury-fracture group were increased significantly than those of other two groups at 1 week after operation (P < 0.01). The central nervous injuries can increase the concentration of IGF- Ⅰ in blood serum and expression of bony callus, therefore, accelerates fracture healing in rats. Related Articles | Metrics

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Specific expression of myogenic, adipogenic and osteogenic gene in skeletal muscle of mdx mice Leng Yan, Zhang Wei-xi, Zhou Chen, Zheng Zhen-yang, Zhang Cheng, Li Qiu-ling 2011, 15 (33):  6173-6176.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.023 Abstract ( 615 )   PDF (1240KB) ( 353 )   Save BACKGROUND: Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a fatal recessive X-linked form of muscular dystrophy characterized by progressive muscular degeneration, and there is no cure for DMD currently. Stem cell transplantation may provide us with a creative perspective. But the myogenic differentiation rate of transplanted cells is quite low in skeletal muscle. OBJECTIVE: The differences of myogenic, adipogenic and osteogenic gene expression levels in skeletal muscle between mdx mice and C57BL/6J mice were compared, with the purpose of investigating the underlying mechanism of pathological changes in skeletal muscle from mdx mice. METHODS: Frozen sections of skeletal muscle from mdx and C57BL/6J mice were prepared, stained with hematoxylin-eosin staining and Vonkossa staining. The morphological changes of the muscles were observed under microscope. Additionally, total RNA of skeletal muscle from mdx and C57BL/6J mice was extracted, reversed, and the expression levels of myogenic, adipogenic and osteogenic characteristic genes were examined by real-time PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Necrosis and regeneration were found in skeletal muscles of mdx mice, and mild adipose hyperplasia and fibrous connective tissue hyperplasia were also observed. Moreover, calcium deposition nodules were easily detected by Vonkossa staining. The form of skeletal muscle cells from C57 mice was clear, and the nuclei were located in the cell periphery. Osteogenic and adipogenic gene expressions of skeletal muscle from mdx mice were elevated to a certain degree by real-time PCR (P < 0.05), compared with C57 mice, whereas myogenic gene expression was decreased (P < 0.05). The reason why adipocyte and osteoblast in skeletal muscle of mdx mice overgrew may be due to degeneration and necrosis of skeletal muscle which caused by dystrophin gene deletion, and it differentiates into osteoblasts and adipocytes instead of myoblasts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and identification of lentiviral vector for Beclin1 gene Wang Wen-yu, Fan Hong-kun, Zhao Guo-qiang, Qiao Peng, Wang Shu-chun, Wu Gang 2011, 15 (33):  6177-6181.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.024 Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (1710KB) ( 405 )   Save BACKGROUND: Beclinl is an essential autophagy gene. OBJECTIVE: To construct lentiviral vector pLenex-Beclin1 gene. METHODS: Beclin1 gene amplification was used by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Gene amplification products were inserted in the lentiviral vector pLenex, and constructed lentiviral vector pLenex-Beclin1. Polymerase chain reaction analysis, double digests and DNA sequencing were used to confirm the constructed vectors whether or not success recombinant vector plasmid and to coinfect 293T cells, and then was transfected into non small cell lung cancer A549 cells. Western blot was then used to investigate the interfering efficiency of Beclin1 gene.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Polymerase chain reaction tests showed amplified positive fragments were inserted in pLenex vectors. Results of polymerase chain reaction analysis, double digestion and DNA sequencing showed that recombinant lentivirus plasmids pLenex-Beclin1 were constructed successfully. In transfected A549 cells, Beclin1 protein was over-expressed. Results verified that lentiviral vectors of Beclin1 gene over-expression were successfully constructed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of exercises on mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and bcl-2 and bax mRNA expression in rat skeletal muscle Wang Dong-mei, Qi Zheng-tang, Ding Shu-zhe 2011, 15 (33):  6182-6186.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.025 Abstract ( 326 )   PDF (1587KB) ( 401 )   Save BACKGROUND: Exercises influence the apoptosis of skeletal muscle cells and mitochondrial pathway is one of important pathways mediating cellular apoptosis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of exercises on mitochondrial permeability transition pore, and bcl-2 and bax mRNA expression in rat skeletal muscle. METHODS: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, 6-week swimming training group (six swimming trainings per week) and one-off exhaustive swimming group (one-off exhaustive swimming exercise). The opening state of mitochondrial permeability transition pore in skeletal muscle was examined with ultraviolet spectrophotometer, and the mRNA expression of bcl-2 and bax in rat skeletal muscle was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 6-week swimming training resulted in significant increase of bcl-2 mRNA expression and significant decrease of bax mRNA expression, as well as significant increase of bcl-2/bax mRNA(P < 0.01), but the opening state of mitochondrial permeability transition pore was not altered obviously, compared with the control group. The opening state of mitochondrial permeability transition pore was significantly increased (P < 0.01), bcl-2 mRNA expression was significantly decreased, bax mRNA expression was significantly increased, bcl-2/bax mRNA expression was significantly decreased in the one-off exhaustive swimming group than in the control group (P  < 0.01). These findings suggest that exercise training can regulate skeletal muscle cell apoptosis by altering the opening stage of mitochondrial permeability transition pore and regulating bcl-2/bax mRNA expression in rat skeletal muscle. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fibronectin and integrin alpha 5 expression during the development of mouse renal tubule Yan Li-jing, Tian He, Guo Min 2011, 15 (33):  6187-6190.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.026 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (634KB) ( 290 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are few studies describing interaction of fibronectin and integrin α5 influencing the development of renal tubules.  OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression of fibronectin and its receptor integrin α5 during the development of mouse renal tubules. METHODS: Kunming mice at embryonic days 12, 14, 16, 18 and postnatal days 1, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 40 were selected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical staining showed that fibronectin expression was expressed in the basement membrane of ureteric bud at embryonic 12 days and then in the basement membrane of renal tubules at any stage.  Integrin α5 began to express at embryonic 12 days in the epithelial cells of the renal tubules. Stereological measurements showed that the surface density of fibronectin and the volume density of integrin α5 increased gradually with the nephrogenesis. Western blot analysis showed that firbonectin and integrin α5 contents increased gradually with kidney development. These results demonstrate that fibronectin and intergrin α5 expression has certain chronological and spatial sequence during the development of mouse renal tubules, which suggest that they play an important role in the development of renal tubules. Related Articles | Metrics

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Beta-catenin and peroxidase proliferator-activated receptor gamma expressions in hepatic tissue treated by 355 nm laser ablation Wang Yang, Wang Xu-bao, Dong Zhan-ling, Qi Yan, Wang Han, Fu Shi-gan 2011, 15 (33):  6191-6195.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.027 Abstract ( 247 )   PDF (942KB) ( 390 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that wnt signaling pathway inhibits adipogenic differentiation through inhibiting the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a key factor of adipogenic differentiation in hepatic tissue. OBJECTIVE: To determine the expressions of β-catenin and PPARγ in hepatic tissue treated by 355 nm laser ablation at different stages of natural recovery stage. METHODS: Male SD rats were randomized divided to four groups. In the ultraviolet beam ablation group, 355 nm ultraviolet beam was used on hepatic tissue targeted zone to obtain an ablation damage area. In the mechanical damage group, mechanical damage was created through the use of operating scissors. In the sham operation group, abdominal incision and suture were performed, without other procedures. In the normal control group, rats were routinely raised without any procedures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hepatic tissue obtained a regular ablation damage zone and a recoverable para-damage area by ultraviolet laser beam radiation. Immunohistochemistry results showed that β-catenin expression was significantly lower after 1-week natural recovery in the ultraviolet beam ablation group compared with other groups (P < 0.01), but its expression was significantly higher in the para-damage area after 2-week recovery compared with the normal control group (P < 0.01). Western blot assay showed that PPARγ expression in the ultraviolet beam ablation group was significantly increased after 2-week natural recovery than 1-week natural recovery (P < 0.01), and PPARγ had a co-expression with its iosform 1 and 2 during the natural recovery stage. The results suggest that β-catenin and PPARγ expression pattern tightly depended on nature recovery duration, and adipogenic process in the para-damage area in the hepatic tissue was strengthened after 2-week natural recovery. Related Articles | Metrics

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Design of thermocouple temperature measurement device for physic propagation experiments Wang Yan, Xu Hong-yu, Chen Zhao-xue 2011, 15 (33):  6196-6198.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.028 Abstract ( 420 )   PDF (447KB) ( 405 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, temperature measurements focus on environmental measurement, which cannot precisely measure embryonic and juvenile development temperature OBJECTIVE: To investigate the design of thermocouple temperature measurement device for physic propagation experiments based on chip AD595. METHODS: AD595 was specifically designed for K-type thermocouple with built-in cold junction compensation circuit, and could effectively enlarge the heat electromotive force generated by the thermocouple during temperature measurements. Design introduced included three parts: input module, amplificatory module and display module. The signal was transmitted to AD595 by plug. After RC filtering, the signal was amplified by AD620 and then sent to the Single Chip Micyoco to drive the LED. Finally, the temperature information could be displayed by the LED. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The fetation temperature could be measured accurately by the presented design of thermocouple temperature measurement device. The experimental results indicate that the temperature ranged from 20℃ to 22℃, which was propitious to the female shrimp. With stable effect and convenience for software update and improvement, it is applicable using AD595 for the design of thermocouple temperature measurement device. The measurement error and electromagnetic disturbance can also be efficiently declined. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of polygonatum polysaccharide on bone metabolism cytokines in osteoporotic fracture rats Zeng Gao-feng, Zhang Zhi-yong, Lu Li, Xiao De-qiang, Zong Shao-hui, Xiong Chun-xiang, Zhao Yu-xi 2011, 15 (33):  6199-6202.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.029 Abstract ( 391 )   PDF (1270KB) ( 425 )   Save BACKGROUND: Onset of osteoporotic fracture is mainly resulted from reduction of estrogen that forms high-turnover osteoporosis, though this phenomenon can be treated effectively using estrogen, the long-term estrogen replacement therapy can cause many diseases. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of polygonatum polysaccharide (PSP) on the cytokines of bone metabolism in the osteoporotic fracture rats. METHODS: Female, 6-month aged SD rats were divided into the control (n=8) and osteoporotic fracture (n=36) groups. After the success model preparation, rats in the osteoporotic fracture group were randomly treated by 0.066 mg/kg estrogen, 400, 200 or 100 mg/kg PSP by intragastric administration, twice per day, for 35 successive days. The expressions of bone gla protein (BGP) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were detected by ELISA. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BGP and TRAP levels were significantly increased in osteoporotic fracture rats. After PSP treatment, the BGP and TRAP levels were significantly decreased in the high dose PSP group. But intervention was not significant in medium and low dose PSP groups. It suggests that PSP can decrease BGP and TRAP expressions in the osteoporotic fracture rats. PSP can promote union of fracture. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of tanshinol on alveoar bone metabolism in rats Zhang Xiao-yan, Cui Liao, Wu Tie, Liu Yun-xin 2011, 15 (33):  6203-6206.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.030 Abstract ( 308 )   PDF (201KB) ( 176 )   Save BACKGROUND: Decrease in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is an early marker of bone loss. OBJECTIVE: To determine the activity of IGF-1 in rat alveoar bone tissue and investigate the possible mechanism by which tanshinol prevents alveolar bone osteoporosis. METHODS: Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham-ovariectomized rats, ovariectomized rats and ovariectomized rats with tanshinol treatment (12.5 mg/kg per day). At 90 days after administration, alveolar bone tissue was taken for detection of bone mass and the activity of IGF-1 in alveolar bone tissue. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with sham-ovariectomized rats, alveolar bone mass was decreased significantly, percentage of trabecular bone was decreased by 33.88% (P < 0.05), trabecular separation was increased by 43.58% (P < 0.05) and IGF-1 expression was markedly decreased (P < 0.05) in ovariectomized rats. Compared with ovariectomized rats, alveoar bone mass was increased significantly, percentage of trabecular bone was increased by 45.45% (P < 0.05) and IGF-1 expression was markedly increased (P < 0.05) in ovariectomized rats with tanshinol treatment. These findings confirm that tanshinol can increase the expression of IGF-1 in alveolar bone tissue and prevent alveoar bone osteoporosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of ligustrazine on nuclear factor kappa B and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in a rat model of acute lung injury Wang Jing-jing, Duan Fei, Zhang Zhi, Li Shao-chun, Liu Wei-hua, Huo Peng 2011, 15 (33):  6207-6210.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.031 Abstract ( 292 )   PDF (1133KB) ( 309 )   Save BACKGROUND: Ligustrazine is quite effective in treating and preventing idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), but there are few reports describing the mechanism by which ligustrazine treats acute lung injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression changes of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in lung tissues of rats with acute lung injury induced by oleic acid. METHODS: Rat models of acute lung injury were established by intravenous injection of oleic acid and then interfered with ligustrazine and dexamethasone. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After successful induction of acute lung injury, the lung coefficient increased significantly in the model group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical staining results showed that NF-κB and ICAM-1 expression in the model group was significantly increased (P < 0.05). After ligustrazine and dexamethasone intervention, the above-mentioned changes were obviously alleviated (P < 0.05). These results suggest that ligustrazine exhibits an obvious protective effect on lung tissue during acute lung injury, and the mechanism might be related to the inhibition of NF-κB and ICAM-1 expression. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in maxillary structure and bone mass in osteoporosis rats with experimental periodontitis after Zuogui pill and estrogen treatment Li Chun-nian, Li Shu-juan, Yang Dong-ru, Dong Fu-sheng, Wu Ming-xuan, Liu Qing 2011, 15 (33):  6211-6215.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.032 Abstract ( 380 )   PDF (1726KB) ( 422 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that the classic kidney-tonifying prescription Zuogui pill can be used for treatment of osteoporosis in post-menopausal women. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in maxillary structure and bone mass in osteoporosis rats with experimental periodontitis. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rat models of periodontitis were established by ligation of maxillary first molar under the anesthesia. Then osteoporosis was induced in these rat models by overiectomy. After 3 months, these rats were treated with Zuogui pill and estradiol valerate for 3 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Both Zuogui pill and estradiol valerate promoted the neogenesis of alveolar bone, alleviated the inflammatory status of periodontal tissue (P < 0.05), reduced the osteoclasts (P < 0.05), elevated the osteoprotegerin level in the periodontal tissue (P < 0.01), and decreased the serum level of alkaline phosphatase (P < 0.01). These findings suggest that Zuogui pill and estrodiol valerate can improve the structure of alveolar bone and increase maxillary bone mass in osteoporosis rats with experimental periodontitis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of Bizhongxiao decoction on activation of phosphorylated p38 and JNK proteins in synovium of rats with collagen-induced arthritis Xiao Yu-mei, Xiong Xin-gui, Chen Jiang, Liang Qing-hua, Guo Ya-jing, Xu Ze-lin, Wu Dan, Fan Rong 2011, 15 (33):  6216-6219.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.033 Abstract ( 230 )   PDF (722KB) ( 336 )   Save BACKGROUND: Reports have shown that abnormal synovial cell signaling is one of important mechanisms of rheumatoid arthritis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Bizhongxiao decoction on activation of phosphorylated p38 and JNK proteins in mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in synovium of rats with collagen-induced arthritis. METHODS: A total of 72 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly and evenly divided into three groups: normal, model, and Bizhongxiao decoction. In the model and Bizhongxiao decoction groups, rat models of collagen-induced arthritis were created by injection of typeⅡcollagen and complete Freud’s adjuvant into rat toes. After 10 days, rats were immunized again. From day 14 after primary immunization, the Bixiaozhong decoction group rats were intragastrically administered Bizhongxiao decoction every day, the model group rats were identically given distilled water, and the normal group rats were allowed to drink water freely. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Western blot analysis results showed that phosphorylated p38 and JNK expressions were significantly greater in the collagen-induced arthritis rats than in the normal controls (P < 0.05). Compared with the model group, phosphorylated p38 and JNK expressions were significantly downregulated in the Bizhongxiao decoction group (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that Bizhongxiao decoction can inhibit phosphorylated p38 and JNK expressions in rheumatoid arthritis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Extracorporeal shock wave therapy for musculoskeletal disorders Aroona Devi Mudoo, Yu Jing, Yu Le-hua 2011, 15 (33):  6222-6226.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.035 Abstract ( 370 )   PDF (367KB) ( 503 )   Save BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has become an alternative therapy for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders. OBJECTIVE: To review the recent progress and efficacy of ESWT for the treatment of a variety of musculoskeletal disorders. METHODS: After searching the internet, articles regarding ESWT for the treatment of a variety of musculoskeletal disorders from PubMed and Google advanced search (British medical journals, and American Medical journals) were collected. Articles with contents unrelated to the topic were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of initially selected 100 articles, 20 were included in the final analysis. Most of the studies confirmed that ESWT for the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders is safe and effective though a few studies showed negative outcome. This may be related to small sample size, unsuitable control groups, and incomplete data presentation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Repair of articular cartilage defects by tissue engineering Zhang Yi, Wei Deng-ming, Yin Xiang-xu, Jia Xue-min 2011, 15 (33):  6227-6230.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.036 Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (720KB) ( 397 )   Save BACKGROUND: Seed cells, biological stents and growth factors are three major aspects of tissue engineering. How to improve the repair of cartilage defects by tissue engineering has been always the study focus. OBJIECTIVE: To generally investigate the research progress of cartilage defects by tissue engineering. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval was performed to search papers published between 2005-2010 in PubMed and CNKI databases using the key words “cartilage, tissue engineering, repair” in English or Chinese language. The papers that address cartilage tissue engineering were included and those with repetitive contents were excluded.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 167 papers were retrieved and 20 papers were included in the final analysis. Seed cells are the key to cartilage tissue engineering, including chondrocytes, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and gene engineered seed cells. At present, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are most used and acquire best application prospect. Biological stents have experienced a long process and develop toward compound and functional application. Various growth factors are essential in tissue engineering. Transforming growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein play an important role in repair of cartilage defects. Related Articles | Metrics

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In vitro culture and identification of osteoblasts Wang Yong-ping, Liao Yi, Jiang Yao 2011, 15 (33):  6231-6234.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.037 Abstract ( 338 )   PDF (597KB) ( 198 )   Save BACKGROUND: The methods of osteoblast culture in vitro have certain limitations. OBJECTIVE: To summarize osteoblast source, in vitro culture method, culture condition, and identification signs. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval was performed in PubMed and Wanfang databases to search manuscripts published between 2000 and 2010 with the key words” osteoblast, cell culture, identification” in English and Chinese languages. The papers describing in vitro culture and identification of osteoblasts were included. Repetitive research and Meta analysis were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the development of cell culture techniques in vitro, osteoblasts from animal bone, periosteum, bone marrow and non-bone tissue have been successfully cultured. Studies have shown that these osteoblasts have typical characteristics and good biological properties. Currently, the cultured osteoblasts are common experimental model in vitro to study physiology, pathology, and repair and have become the basis for studying osteoblast growth and metabolism and bone tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Features and development trends of bone bank Cong Xian-ling, Wang Jin-cheng, Wang Liang, Gao Shuo-hui, Sun Ran 2011, 15 (33):  6235-6238.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.038 Abstract ( 344 )   PDF (718KB) ( 401 )   Save BACKGROUND: With increase in bone sources and improvement in related technology, bone bank has been widely accepted all over the world. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the history, features, technical process and development trends of bone bank. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval of PubMed and CNKI database to search the manuscripts regarding bone allograft and bone bank and summarized. Manuscripts that describe the features, formation and development of bone bank were included. Those with repetitive contents, reviews, and scientific analysis were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 185 manuscripts were retrieved. After excluding non-related or repetitive manuscripts, 18 manuscripts were included in the final analysis. Compared with epoxyethane fumigation, irradiation sterilization acquires more ideal effects. Meanwhile, some studies abroad showed that the infection rate of non-irradiation sterilized bone were comparable to irradiation sterilized bone. Small-scale bone banks are difficult to achieve the auditing standards of American Association of Tissue Banks and European Association of Tissue Banks, Therefore, they will be merged into large-scale tissue banks. It is necessary to establish a standardized management system and intact core technology in bone banks. Bone bank has a great potential to well develop, and it is expected to achieve a better development in medical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Gene knockout mouse models for disease study Shi Yu-heng 2011, 15 (33):  6239-6242.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.039 Abstract ( 404 )   PDF (680KB) ( 861 )   Save BACKGROUND: Many diseases in human are determined by genes. Constructing corresponding gene knockout animal models is of significance for treatment of diseases and studying the underlying pathological mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the application and research progress of knockout mouse models in studying cardiovascular, neurological, bone, liver, retinal diseases. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval was performed to search manuscripts regarding knockout mouse models in CNKI and PubMed published between January 1990 and December 2009 with the key words “knockout mouse, atherosclerosis, nervous system, osteoporosis, liver, retina” in Chinese and English language. Manuscripts evaluating knockout mouse models with original and reliable evidence were included and those with repetitive contents or Meta analysis papers were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Total 75 manuscripts were retrieved, and according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 38 manuscripts were included in the final analysis. Results showed that knockout mouse models are widely used for study diseases in human. At present, several hundred of mouse models have been established for studying diseases in human, including cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes mellitus, and caner. Studying knockout mouse models can acquire the therapeutic target of related diseases, which provide possibilities for precisely studying the direct relationship between gene and diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Nitroglycerin alone and its combination with other drugs for treatment of unstable angina pectoris: A meta-analysis Guan Xiu-ping, Li Ming-li, Yang Liu 2011, 15 (33):  6243-6246.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.040 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (669KB) ( 556 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nitroglycerin is widely used as first-line drug to treat unstable angina pectoris, but the development of tolerance is a major problem that may reduce its clinical efficacy. It has been suggested that the addition of other drugs to nitroglycerin can reverse the development of tolerance, potentiate the hemodynamic response to nitroglycerin and may improve therapy prognosis in unstable angina pectoris. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether nitroglycerin combined with drugs show better curative effects than nitroglycerin alone in treatment of unstable angina pectoris. METHODS: A computer-based online search of Cochrane Library, Medline(ovid), EMbase, Science direct, SIGLE, GreyNet, CBMdisc, VIP, CNKI and Wanfang Data for the clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of nitroglycerin alone and its combination of drugs for treating unstable angina pectoris. Hand searching was also done to obtain any further information about the studies. After the quality of RCTs was evaluated, a meta-analysis was performed by RevMan 5.0.0 for clinical and electrocardiogram (ECG) efficacy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of eight RCTs about 715 patients were included, the quality of RCTs are all B level. Meta-analysis indicates that nitroglycerin combined with other drugs is superior to nitroglycerin alone in terms of clinical and ECG efficacy in treating unstable angina pectoris (RR = 0.79, 95%CI: 1.56-3.08, P < 0.01; RR = 0.72, 95%CI: 0.64-0.81, P < 0.01). However, various biases may exist in the above results, so the combined drugs should be chosen according to clinical symptoms and evidence-based guidelines. Related Articles | Metrics

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Classical ancient recipe for patients with osteoporosis: A systematic review Lu Yong, Shi Liang, Gao Zhen, Li Chao 2011, 15 (33):  6247-6251.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.041 Abstract ( 398 )   PDF (701KB) ( 406 )   Save BACKGROUND: Classical ancient recipe shows satisfactory therapeutic effects in treatment of osteoporosis, but there are few reports describing systemic scientific methods for meta analysis to identify the general curative effects of classical ancient recipe. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical curative effects and safety of classical ancient recipe in treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval was performed in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, CPCD and Weipu databases for searcing papers addressing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) involving classical ancient recipe for treatment of osteoporosis published between 2001 and 2010. The Cochrane collaboration’s RevMan 4.2.2 software was used for data analyses. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 17 trials involving 1 235 patients were included. According to the Jadad scoring method, of the 17 RCTs, 4 studies scored 2 points, and the remaining studies each scored 1 point. According to the allocation concealment, all the 17 RCTs got C. In the meta-analysis, the classical ancient recipe treatment was significantly superior to western medicine treatment in total effective rate OR=3.82, 95%CI (2.70-5.41), symptom score WMD=-1.95, 95%CI (-2.19-1.72), lumbar vertebra bone minearal density WMD=0.04, 95%CI(0.03-0.06), and the other parts bone minearal density WMD=0.04, 95%CI (0.03-0.06). Classical ancient recipe plus western medicine treatment were significantly superior to western medicine treatment in total effective rate OR=3.09, 95%CI (1.58-6.07). The current clinical evidence shows that the classical ancient recipe treatment is superior in treatment of osteoporosis with no obvious adverse reactions. Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between adiponectin gene single nucleotide polymorphisms and bone mineral density in a male population of Zhuang nationality in Guangxi Baise area Wang Jin-hua, Huang Xiu-feng, Zhou Qing-hui, Lin Chao-wen,Yang Yuan-yuan, Wei Ye-sheng, Huang Chang-sheng, Wu Lian-tao, Wu Yu-mei, He Lan-feng 2011, 15 (33):  6252-6256.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.042 Abstract ( 296 )   PDF (718KB) ( 376 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that adiponectin plays an important role in bone metabolism, but the relationship between adiponectin gene polymorphism and bone metabolism in osteoporosis has rarely been reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the correlation between adiponectin gene 5 single nucleotide polymorphisms and bone mineral density in Guangxi Zhuang nationality men. METHODS: A case-control study was carried out on osteopenia patients. Genotypes for adiponectin gene 5 loci (rs1063539, rs12495941, rs266729, rs3774261 and rs710445) polymorphism in 302 Guangxi Zhuang nationality men were determined by Multiplex SNaPshot. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: rs1063539, rs12495941, rs266729 and rs710445 polymorphisms were met with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P> 0.05). Five loci genotype frequencies in the normal group and the osteopenia group met with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05). There was no significant difference in the genotype distributions of five loci polymorphism between low bone mass group and control group (P > 0.05). After adjustments for age, weight, height, movement and body mass index, multivariate Logistic regression analyses revealed that only rs3774261 polymorphism remained significantly associated with low bone mass   (P < 0.01). The subjects with the combined AA genotype had higher risk of low bone mass compared with those with the AG+GG genotype (adjusted OR =1.948, 95%CI: 1.184-3.203, P=0.009). Polymorphism of rs3774261 was independently correlated with calcaneal low bone mass in Baise Zhuang nationality male population. The results confirm that, adiponectin gene intron 2 rs3774261 polymorphism and bone mineral density in Baise Zhuang nationality men have some relevance. The presence of the AA genotype may dominantly increase the risk of osteopenia. AG+GG genotype has a protective effect on bone mineral density. The data also suggest that the rs1063539, rs12495941, rs266729 and rs710445 polymorphism might not be associated with osteopenia in Baise Zhuang nationality men. Related Articles | Metrics

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Intragenic polymorphisms of the aggrecan associated with lumbar disk herination Tan Ping-xian, Li Jian, Sun Xiao-fang, Yan Deng-lu, Zhang Zai-heng, Zhang Hui-min 2011, 15 (33):  6257-6261.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.043 Abstract ( 348 )   PDF (775KB) ( 522 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that aggrecan gene in Han population in southern regions in China shows tandem repetitive sequence polymorphism. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between aggrecan polymorphism and lumbar disk herniation. METHODS: A total of 102 participants with or without low back pain problem were included in this study. Two groups were used. The study group included 51 lumbar disk herniation participants. The control group included 51 patients without lumbar disk herniation or low back pain or spine diseases. The aggrecan polymorphisms of the two groups were obtained. The Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test was performed to assess the distributing difference of aggrecan gene polymorphisms between the study group and control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Seven alleles were found in the control group, and six alleles were found in the study group. The frequency of allele 27 was the most common form in the study and control groups, and there was no significant difference in the allele polymorphism between these two groups (P > 0.05). The distributing frequency of each allele was basically the same between the control and study groups, i.e., seven and six tandem repetitive sequences of different lengths were found in these two groups, respectively. These findings suggest that no obvious association was found between aggrecan polymorphism and lumbar disc herniation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Plantar pressure distribution characteristics in male obese adolescents Zhang Shao-wei, Zou Xiao-feng, Chen Min-Sheng 2011, 15 (33):  6262-6266.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.044 Abstract ( 375 )   PDF (681KB) ( 350 )   Save BACKGROUND: Children’s obesity often leads to flat feet, foot and knee introversion and extraversion. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the plantar pressure distribution characteristics in male obese children aged 13-15 years and the influences on body balance ability of adolescents. METHODS: A total of 60 school male students aged 13-15 years were randomly selected from Affiliated Middle School of Northeast Normal University. These male adolescents were assigned to three groups according to body mass index with 20 boys in each group: control group (18.5-24.9 kg/m2 ), overweight group (25-30 kg/m2) and obese group ( > 30 kg/m2). The dynamic plantar pressure distribution characteristics during natural walking were analyzed through the use of Belgium footscan planter pressure measurement system. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The vertical force-time curve of male adolescents with different body weights showed that the percentage of peak and valley during gait cycle increased with increasing body weight. Compared with the control group, the time of ground touching for foot arch region was significantly longer, the percentage of contact area of foot arch and heel was significantly increased, and the percentage of contact area of propodium was significantly increased in the overweight and obese groups. Total plantar pressure was significantly greater in the overweight and obese groups than in the control group. The total plantar pressure was positively related to body weight and plantar contact area was positively related to body weight. Changes in plantar pressure in each region with exception of foot heel and the first phalanx were significantly greater in the overweight and obese groups than in the control group. Results showed that overweight and obese can lead to changes in plantar pressure in male adolescents. Related Articles | Metrics

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Foot pressure features of single-shoulder and double-shoulder schoolbag weight walk of children Geng Hai-yan 2011, 15 (33):  6267-6270.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.33.045 Abstract ( 434 )   PDF (585KB) ( 434 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the early childhood, different forms and weights of schoolbag loading would cause gait deformation. OBJECTIVE: To test dynamic foot pressure during schoolbag weight walk of children. METHODS: The dynamic foot pressure of 24 healthy school age children was analyzed by the Footscan USB2 system (RSscan, Belgium). The gait, phase during support period, pressure, and the angle of foot axis were determined when children walked through the Footscan USB2 system in the natural state, single-shoulder and double-shoulder schoolbag loading. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with natural walk, the whole foot touchdown phase percentage was increased, the angle of left and right foot axis was increased, the pressure at the heels, second metatarsal bone and first metatarsal bone was increased (P < 0.05) when walked with double-shoulder schoolbag loading. When children walked with single-shoulder schoolbag loading, gait showed instability at each stage of support period of two feet, the pressure at the heel on the loading side, second metatarsal bone and first metatarsal bone was sharply increased, and the angle of foot axis on the loading side was significantly greater than natural walk and double-shoulder schoolbag loading walk (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that schoolbag loading increases the walk instability of children, and characteristics of instability in terms of phase of support period of two feet and pressure appear in no matter single-shoulder or shoulder-shoulder schoolbag loading walk. Related Articles | Metrics