中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (16): 2575-2581.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3768

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

静电纺丝取向纳米纤维作为组织工程生物支架的优势与特征

解  健,苏俭生   

  1. 同济大学口腔医学院•同济大学附属口腔医院口腔修复教研室,上海牙组织修复与再生工程技术研究中心,上海市   200072
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-19 修回日期:2020-03-24 接受日期:2020-05-23 出版日期:2021-06-08 发布日期:2021-01-07
  • 通讯作者: 苏俭生,教授,同济大学口腔医学院·同济大学附属口腔医院口腔修复教研室,上海牙组织修复与再生工程技术研究中心,上海市 200072
  • 作者简介:解健,女,1992年生,山东省青岛市人,汉族,在读博士,主要从事口腔修复学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(81873715,81572114),项目负责人:苏俭生;上海市科学技术委员会项目(18441902100),项目负责人:苏俭生

Advantages and characteristics of electrospun aligned nanofibers as scaffolds for tissue engineering

Xie Jian, Su Jiansheng   

  1. Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China
  • Received:2020-03-19 Revised:2020-03-24 Accepted:2020-05-23 Online:2021-06-08 Published:2021-01-07
  • Contact: Su Jiansheng, Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China
  • About author:Xie Jian, Doctoral candidate, Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai 200072, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No. 81873715, 81572114 (to SJS); the Project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission, No.18441902100 (to SJS)

摘要:

文题释义:
取向纳米纤维:聚合物取向是指非晶聚合物的大分子链段或整个高分子链,结晶聚合物的晶带、晶片、晶粒,或纤维状基质在外力作用下沿外力作用的方向进行有序排列的现象。单轴取向是指沿一个方向拉伸,取向单元沿拉伸方向排列。静电纺丝纳米纤维是指聚合物溶液在强电场下进行喷射纺丝获得纳米级直径的聚合物细丝。
组织工程:一种应用工程科学和生命科学的原理和方法,认识哺乳动物正常和病理组织与器官的结构-功能关系并开发具有生物活性的人工替代物,以恢复、维持或改善组织、器官功能的新兴学科,其3要素为种子细胞、生长因子、生物材料支架。

背景:组织工程技术依赖生物材料支架作为组织修复及再生的支撑结构。在这些生物支架中,静电纺丝纤维支架因其能够模拟细胞外基质天然结构等优点被广泛应用于再生医学。
目的:综述目前静电纺丝取向纳米纤维在组织工程领域的应用。
方法:由第一作者检索PubMed数据库2010年1月至2020年3月收录的相关文献,英文检索词为“electrospinning;aligned nanofibers;tissue engineering;regenerative medicine;bioactive materials”,检索CNKI中国期刊全文数据库及万方数据库2010年1月至2020年3月收录的相关文献,关键词为“静电纺丝;取向纤维;有序纤维;组织工程;组织再生”,最终纳入67篇文献进行归纳总结。
结果与结论:静电纺丝是一种简便有效的纳米材料制备技术,近年来学者们通过静电纺丝技术将多种具有良好生物相容性及生物降解性的天然材料或聚酯材料制备成具有不同结构的电纺纳米纤维支架,并广泛应用于组织工程及再生医学等领域。其中,受天然细胞外基质高度定向特征启发而设计的静电纺丝取向纳米纤维支架,具有高度一致的纤维排列方向,可通过接触指导促进细胞黏附、迁移,而与细胞或生长因子的结合可进一步促进细胞的增殖、分化,最终实现组织再生,在神经、心肌、肌腱、骨组织再生及伤口愈合等领域中展现了其巨大的应用潜能及广阔的的应用前景。

关键词: 材料, 静电纺丝, 纳米纤维, 生物材料, 组织工程, 再生医学, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering technology relies on biomaterial scaffolds as supporting structures for tissue repair and regeneration. Among these biological scaffolds, electrospun fiber scaffolds have been widely applied in regenerative medicine owing to their mimicry of the natural structure of extracellular matrix.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current application of electrospun aligned nanofibers in the field of tissue engineering.
METHODS: Relevant articles included in PubMed from January 2010 to March 2020 were searched by the first author, with key words of “electrospinning; aligned nanofibers; tissue engineering; regenerative medicine; bioactive materials” in English. Relevant articles included in CNKI and Wanfang database from January 2010 to March 2020 were searched with key words of “electrospinning; aligned nanofibers; oriented fiber; tissue engineering; tissue regeneration” in Chinese. Finally, 67 articles were included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Electrospinning is a simple and effective technology for the preparation of nanomaterials. In recent years, many kinds of natural materials or polyester materials with good biocompatibility and biodegradability have been prepared into electrospun nanofiber scaffolds with different structures by electrospinning technology, which are widely used in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and other fields. Among them, the electrospun oriented nanofiber scaffolds, inspired by the highly directional characteristics of natural extracellular matrix, have highly consistent fiber arrangement direction, which can promote cell adhesion and migration through contact guidance, and the combination with cells or growth factors can further promote cell proliferation and differentiation, and ultimately achieve tissue regeneration in nerve, myocardium, tendon and bone tissue. In the field of regeneration and wound healing, it has great potential and wide application prospect.

Key words: materials, electrospinning, nanofibers, biomaterials, tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, review

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