中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (22): 3591-3596.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3179

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

组织工程尿道支架及其制备技术在尿道重建中的应用

陈  杰1,廖成成2,赵红波3,赵  伟1,陈智威1,王  彦1   

  1. 1遵义医科大学第三附属医院(遵义市第一人民医院)泌尿外科,贵州省遵义市  563000;2贵州省普通高等学校口腔疾病研究特色重点实验室,贵州省遵义市   563000;3遵义医科大学康复医学教研室,贵州省遵义市   563000
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-09 修回日期:2020-06-13 接受日期:2020-07-31 出版日期:2021-08-08 发布日期:2021-01-21
  • 通讯作者: 王彦,博士,主任医师,遵义医科大学第三附属医院(遵义市第一人民医院)泌尿外科,贵州省遵义市 563000
  • 作者简介:陈杰,男,1994年生,贵州省遵义市人,汉族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事泌尿系损伤修复方向研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81660121),项目负责人:王彦;贵州省2019年研究生科研基金[黔教合YJSCXJH(2019)087],项目负责人:廖成成

Application of tissue engineering urethral stent and its preparation technology in urethral reconstruction

Chen Jie1, Liao Chengcheng2, Zhao Hongbo3, Zhao Wei1, Chen Zhiwei1, Wang Yan1    

  1. 1Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (Zunyi First People’s Hospital), Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China; 2Special Key Laboratory of Oral Disease Research, Higher Education Institution in Guizhou Province, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China; 3Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China 
  • Received:2020-06-09 Revised:2020-06-13 Accepted:2020-07-31 Online:2021-08-08 Published:2021-01-21
  • Contact: Wang Yan, MD, Chief physician, Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (Zunyi First People’s Hospital), Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Chen Jie, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Urology, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (Zunyi First People’s Hospital), Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81660121 (to WY); Research Fund for Postgraduates of Guizhou Province in 2019, No. QIANJIAOHE YJSCXJH(2019)087 (to LCC)

摘要:

文题释义:
尿道狭窄:是指尿道任何部位的机械性管腔异常狭小,使尿道内阻力增加而产生的排尿障碍性疾病,是泌尿系统最常见疾病之一,多见于男性,通常由遗传、炎症、创伤、医源性损伤等因素导致,主要临床症状为排尿困难、排尿时间延长、尿流无力、尿潴留等。
生物医用材料:是用来对生物体进行诊断、治疗、修复或替换其病损组织、器官或增进其功能的材料,它是研究人工器官和医疗器械的基础,已成为当代材料学科的重要分支。生物医用材料按材料在生理环境中的生物化学反应水平分为惰性生物医用材料、活性生物医用材料、可降解和吸收的生物医用材料。

背景:复杂性尿道狭窄是泌尿外科医生面临的棘手问题,基于组织工程技术的尿道重建有望成为治愈该疾病的有效方法。
目的:综述近年来国内外关于组织工程尿道支架及其制备技术在尿道重建术中应用的研究进展。
方法:应用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)和 PubMed 数据库2005至2020年的相关文献,中文检索词为“尿道重建;尿道支架”;英文检索词为“urethral reconstruction;urethral scaffold”,选择与尿道支架及其制备技术在尿道重建中应用方面相关的文章,并对各种类型的尿道支架材料及制造技术在尿道重建修复中应用的研究进行总结、整理和论述。
结果与结论:脱细胞基质通常含有细胞黏附和分化所必需的生长因子,它们在尿道重建中可有效地模拟尿路上皮细胞外基质,进而有利于尿道组织的再生。天然衍生材料支架接种细胞后应用于修复尿道显示出很好的疗效。生物可降解合成支架具有足够的孔隙率并能支持细胞黏附、生长和增殖,且细胞外基质成分和生长因子等信号分子可以被结合到该支架结构中,所以该支架很可能成为未来临床广泛运用的首选支架。先进的制备技术将这些支架材料与细胞或信号分子结合制备出性能优良的尿道支架,从而促进尿道结构和功能的恢复。希望更多关于尿道支架的实验性研究能转化为临床应用,这些尿道支架能被真正运用于尿道狭窄的完全修复。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5817-7349(陈杰) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 材料, 尿道重建, 尿道支架, 支架材料, 组织工程, 生物可降解材料, 静电纺丝技术, 3D打印技术, 细胞片层技术, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Complicated urethral stricture is a difficult problem faced by urological surgeons, and urethral reconstruction based on tissue engineering technology is expected to be an effective method to cure the disease. 
OBJECTIVE: To review recent research progress of tissue engineering urethral stent and its preparation technology in urethral reconstruction. 
METHODS: With the keywords of “urethral reconstruction; urethral scaffold” in Chinese and in English, respectively, a computer-based search for articles published from 2005 to 2020 was performed in CNKI and PubMed databases. Articles addressing application of urethral scaffolds and its preparation technology in urethral reconstruction were selected, and the applications of various types of urethral scaffolds materials and manufacturing techniques in urethral reconstruction were summarized, organized and discussed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The acellular matrix usually contains growth factors necessary for cell adhesion and differentiation. They can effectively mimic the extracellular matrix of the urothelium during urethral reconstruction, thereby benefiting the regeneration of urethral tissue. The natural-derived material scaffold was used to repair the urethra after cell inoculation, and the result showed a good effect. The biodegradable synthetic scaffold has sufficient porosity and can support cell adhesion, growth and proliferation, and signal molecules such as extracellular matrix components and growth factors can be incorporated into the scaffold structure, so the scaffold is likely to be the first choice for clinical application in the future. Advanced manufacturing technology combines these scaffold materials with cells or signal molecules to prepare a urethral scaffold with excellent performance, thereby promoting the recovery of urethral structure and function. It is hoped that more experimental studies on urethral stents can be transformed into clinical applications, and these urethral stents can be used for the complete repair of urethral strictures.

Key words: materials, urethral reconstruction, urethral stent, scaffold materials, tissue engineering, biodegradable materials, electrospinning technology, 3D printing technology, cell slice technology, review

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