中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (29): 4702-4708.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2784

• 组织构建与生物力学 tissue construction and biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆伊犁哈萨克族成人头面部形态特征

陈胜国1,杨文清1,贾  龙1,玛尔哈巴•吐尔地伙加2,王水泉1,白  鑫1,董建江1,凯赛尔江•多来提1,努尔买买提•巴哈夏尔1   

  1. 1新疆医科大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830011;2巩留县妇幼保健计划生育服务中心,新疆维吾尔自治区巩留县  835400
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-20 修回日期:2019-09-24 接受日期:2019-11-07 出版日期:2020-10-18 发布日期:2020-09-15
  • 通讯作者: 努尔买买提•巴哈夏尔,教授,新疆医科大学基础医学院人体解剖学教研室,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830011
  • 作者简介:陈胜国,男,1967年生,河南省商城人,汉族,博士,副教授,主要从事体质人类学及群体遗传学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金资助项目(31460269)

Morphological traits in the head and face of Kazakh adults in Yili, Xinjiang

Chen Shengguo1, Yang Wenqing1, Jia Long1, Maerhaba•Tuerdihuojia2, Wang Shuiquan1, Bai Xin1,Dong Jianjiang1, Kaisaierjiang • Duolaiti1, Nuermaimaiti • Bahaxiaer1    

  1. 1Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 2Gongliu Maternal and Child Health and Family Planning Service Center, Gongliu 835400, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2019-09-20 Revised:2019-09-24 Accepted:2019-11-07 Online:2020-10-18 Published:2020-09-15
  • Contact: Nuermaimaiti • Bahaxiaer, Professor, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Chen Shengguo, MD, Associate professor, Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 31460269

摘要:

文题释义:

头面部:头面部形态学特征的形成与遗传、环境因素有关。遗传因素、环境因素、营养水平影响着人的头面部发育,饮食成分、营养状况、环境因素会对头面部皮肤、皮下脂肪、弹力纤维的发育产生一定影响,也会影响头面部细胞生理功能。

容貌:头面部各个部位的形态特征的有机组合形成了人的容貌,容貌是进行个人识别的主要依据,而不同民族或种族之间常具有一定的差异。

背景:哈萨克族主要居住在新疆西北部的伊犁哈萨克自治州,其中约80%的哈萨克族分布在伊犁、塔城和阿勒泰地区。为了更全面地了解哈萨克族的体质特征,在新疆伊犁巩留县吉尔格郎乡对20-86岁之间的哈萨克族进行了活体观察和头面部的测量。

目的:了解新疆伊犁哈萨克族成人头面部形态特征。

方法按照《人体测量手册》规定的方法,在新疆伊犁巩留县吉尔格郎乡测量了422(219例,女203)哈萨克族成年人31项头面部指标,并计算了12项头面部体质指数。

结果与结论①哈萨克族人群上眼睑皱褶出现率为92.7%;蒙古褶(内眦褶)现率为9.9%;铲型和平型门齿出现率分别为6.6%93.4%;凸型、凹型和直型鼻梁出现率分别为7.8%36.5%55.7%;斜型、纵型和横型鼻孔出现率分别为69.5%20.8%9.7%;凸型和非凸型下颏类型出现率分别为68.2%31.8%;有耳垂型和无耳垂型出现率分别为96.7%3.3%;有额头发际和无额头发际的出现率为72%28%;直发和卷发的出现率分别为99.1%0.9%。②哈萨克族男性多属于圆头型、特圆头型(81.7%52.5%)、高头型(93.6%)、狭头型(84%)、特狭鼻型(98.2%)、超阔面型(74%);哈萨克族女性多属于圆头型、特圆头型(76.4%55.7%)、高头型(97%)、狭头型(84%)、特狭鼻型(98.2%)、超阔面型(74%)。③哈萨克族成人具有蒙古人种北亚类型头面部特征。

ORCID: 0000-0002-9692-7585(努尔买买提•巴哈夏尔)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 头部, 面部, 容貌, 形态特征, 遗传学特征, 年龄变化, 新疆, 伊犁, 哈萨克族

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The Kazakhs mainly live in the Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture in northwestern Xinjiang. About 80% of the Kazakhs live in the areas of Yili, Tacheng, and Altay. To fully understand the physical characteristics of Kazakhs, a viviperception and head and face measurements of Kazakhs at the age of 20 and 86 were performed in Gilgelang Township, Gongliu County, Xinjiang.

OBJECTIVE: To grasp the morphological traits in the head and face of Kazakh adults in Xinjiang.

METHODS: Thirty-one head-face indexes of 422 Kazakh adults (219 males and 203 females) from Jiergelang county, Xinjiang were investigated. Twelve physical indices of the head and face were calculated.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the Kazakh group, the incidence of eye fold of the upper eyelid was 92.7%; the rate of mongoloid fold was 9.9%; the appearance rates of flat and vertical types was 6.6% and 93.4%, respectively; the appearance rates of convex, concave and straight nasal profiles were 7.8%, 36.5% and 55.7%, respectively; the appearance rates of oblique, vertical and horizontal nostril shapes were 69.5%, 20.8% and 9.7%, respectively; the appearance rates of the chin of straight type and convex type were 68.2% and 31.8%, respectively; the appearance rates of earlobe type and non-earlobe type were 96.7% and 3.3%, respectively; the appearance rates of forehead hairline and non-forehead hairline were 72% and 28%, respectively; the appearance rates of straight hair and curly hair were 99.1% and 0.9%, respectively. Most of Kazakh males have dolichocephaly and hyperdolichocephaly (81.7%, 52.5%), hypsicephaly (93.6%), aerocephaly (84%), hyrerleptorrhiny (98.2%), and hypercuryen (74%). Kazak females most have dolichocephaly and hyperdolichocephaly (76.4%, 55.7%), hypsicephaly (97%), aerocephaly (84%), hyrerleptorrhiny (98.2%), and hypercuryen (74%). The head-face characteristics of Kazak population belongs to the North Asian type of Mongoloid

Key words: head, face, appearance, morphological characteristics, genetic characteristics, age variation, Xinjiang, Yili, Kazakh group

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