中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (14): 2256-2262.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2600

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

金黄色葡萄球菌性骨髓炎动物模型构建的研究与进展

刘金月1,章猛奇2,卿明松2,赵春涛2,彭笳宸1,2   

  1. 1遵义医科大学附属医院关节外科,贵州省遵义市  563000;2遵义医科大学-罗切斯特大学骨科研究中心,遵义医科大学附属医院骨科,贵州省遵义市  563000
  • 收稿日期:2019-09-16 修回日期:2019-09-18 接受日期:2019-11-25 出版日期:2020-05-18 发布日期:2020-03-16
  • 通讯作者: 彭笳宸,博士,教授,主任医师,遵义医科大学附属医院关节外科,贵州省遵义市 563000;遵义医科大学-罗切斯特大学骨科研究中心,遵义医科大学附属医院骨科,贵州省遵义市 563000
  • 作者简介:刘金月,男,1994年生,湖北省随州市人,汉族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨与关节感染的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81760400)

Research progress in constructing animal models of Staphylococcus aureus-associated osteomyelitis  

Liu Jinyue1, Zhang Mengqi2, Qing Mingsong2, Zhao Chuntao2, Peng Jiachen1, 2   

  1. 1Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China; 2Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University-Rochester University Orthopedics Research Center, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2019-09-16 Revised:2019-09-18 Accepted:2019-11-25 Online:2020-05-18 Published:2020-03-16
  • Contact: Peng Jiachen, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China; Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University-Rochester University Orthopedics Research Center, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Liu Jinyue, Master candidate, Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81760400

摘要:

文题释义:
骨髓炎:由传染性微生物引起的骨和骨髓的急性或慢性炎症性疾病,可由需氧或厌氧菌、分枝杆菌及真菌引起,流行性病学显示金黄色葡萄球菌是导致骨髓炎最常见、最主要致病菌。骨髓炎好发于长骨、糖尿病患者的足部或由于外伤或手术引起的穿透性骨损伤部位。
菌落形成单位(Colony-Forming Units,CFU):是指在琼脂平板上经过一定温度和时间培养后形成的每一个菌落,是计算细菌或霉菌数量的单位。这个单位比“菌落数”更准确地反映问题的实质。理论上,一个活细菌可以在条件合适的固体表面上形成一个菌落,但是吸附于微小颗粒上的2个以上菌体或粘连在一起的菌团可能共同形成一个菌落,而且不同环境因素作用下,细菌的生活能力各不相同,会影响其在该条件下形成菌落的能力,致使形成的菌落数远低于实际的活菌数。因此目前可用菌落形成单位代替以往常用的“菌落数”作为平板计数的数量单位。

背景:金黄色葡萄球菌已成为目前全世界骨髓炎最主要的致病菌。优秀而标准的同质性动物模型对骨髓炎感染机制的研究、获得新的预防与治疗措施及新技术转化应用于临床实践的科学研究具有重要作用。

目的:综述国内外金黄色葡萄球菌性骨髓炎动物模型构建的相关研究进展及面临的问题。

方法:计算机检索CNKI数据库、PubMed数据库、MEDLINE数据库、Embase数据库、Cochrane 图书馆的相关文献,中文检索词为“金黄色葡萄球菌;骨感染;骨髓炎;置入物相关骨髓炎;骨缺损骨髓炎;骨折骨髓炎;生物膜;实验性骨髓炎模型;动物模型”;英文检索词为“Staphylococcus aureus; bone infection; osteomyelitis; implant-associated osteomyelitis; bone defect osteomyelitis; fracture osteomyelitis; biofilm; experimental osteomyelitis model”。语言分别设为中文和英文。查阅2010年1月至2019年6月期间收录的相关文章,包括综述、基础研究以及临床研究。通过阅读文题和摘要进行初步筛选,排除与文章主题不相关的文献,根据纳入标准和排除标准,最终纳入45篇文献进行结果分析。

结果与结论:①骨髓炎动物模型的构建方法与多种因素有关,尽管近年来各国研究者对此不断进行改进并逐渐量化感染过程,但尚未形成统一标准;②目前并无单一微生物学或影像学检查方式能明确骨感染,在急性骨髓炎动物模型中,nuc RTQ-PCR技术和生物荧光成像技术等微生物学检测能够早期动态监测并量化骨感染过程;对于慢性骨髓炎动物模型,micro-CT、MRI等影像学技术能动态观察骨溶解、骨重建过程,且18F-FDG PET/CT等尖端成像技术确认或排除慢性骨髓炎有很高的诊断准确性;③基于骨髓炎动物模型,确定早期诊断及量化诊疗过程中感染细菌数量及活性的标准,也是今后进一步研究的方向。

ORCID: 0000-0002-2767-4895(刘金月)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

关键词: 金黄色葡萄球菌, 骨感染, 骨髓炎, 置入物相关骨髓炎, 骨缺损骨髓炎, 骨折骨髓炎, 生物膜, 实验性骨髓炎模型, 动物模型

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus has become the most important pathogen of osteomyelitis in the world. An excellent and standard homogenous animal model plays an important role regarding the infectious mechanism of osteomyelitis, the acquisition of new preventive and therapeutic measures, and the application of new technologies in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress and problems in the construction of animal models of Staphylococcus aureus-associated osteomyelitis at home and abroad.

METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane was performed for relevant articles concerning the experimental osteomyelitis model, including review, basic research and clinical research, published from January 2010 to June 2019. The keywords were “Staphylococcus aureus; bone infection; osteomyelitis; implant-associated osteomyelitis; bone defect osteomyelitis; fracture osteomyelitis; biofilm; experimental osteomyelitis model” in Chinese and English, respectively. After initial screening of titles and abstracts and exclusion of irrelevant articles, 45 eligible articles were included in final analysis.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Construction of an osteomyelitis animal model is related to many factors. Although researchers from various countries have continuously improved and gradually quantified the infection process in recent years, a unified standard has not yet been developed. To date, there is no single microbiology or imaging method to determine bone infection. In animal models of acute osteomyelitis, the use of microbiological tests such as nuc RTQ-PCR and bioluminescence tomography can dynamically monitor and quantify the bone infection process at an early stage. In the animal model of chronic osteomyelitis, we can dynamically observe the process of osteolysis and bone remodeling based on the micro-CT and MRI images. Advanced imaging technologies such as 18F-FDG PET/CT can be used to confirm or exclude chronic osteomyelitis with high diagnostic accuracy. The use of animal models of osteomyelitis contributes to standardizing the number and activity of infected bacteria during early diagnosis and quantified treatment, which is the direction for further research.

Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, bone infection, osteomyelitis, implant-associated osteomyelitis, bone defect osteomyelitis, fracture osteomyelitis, biofilm, experimental osteomyelitis model, animal model

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