中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (16): 2479-2487.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3130

• 水凝胶材料Hydrogel materials • 上一篇    下一篇

温敏型壳聚糖水凝胶包封外泌体在缺血性疾病中的应用

刘  冯1,2,张  瑜1,2,王燕丽1,2,骆  威1,2,韩超珊1,2,李杨欣1,2   

  1. 1苏州大学医学部心血管病研究所,江苏省苏州市  215000;2苏州大学附属第一医院心脏大血管外科,江苏省苏州市   215006
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-15 修回日期:2020-07-17 接受日期:2020-08-11 出版日期:2021-06-08 发布日期:2021-01-07
  • 通讯作者: 李杨欣,博士,教授,苏州大学医学部心血管病研究所,江苏省苏州市 215000;苏州大学附属第一医院心脏大血管外科,江苏省苏州市 215006
  • 作者简介:刘冯,男,1995年生,山东省临沂市人,汉族,苏州大学在读硕士,主要从事外泌体、非编码RNA及生物材料研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重大研究计划项目(91849122),项目负责人:李杨欣;国家自然科学基金面上项目(81870194),项目负责人:李杨欣;江苏省“六大人才高峰”创新团队项目(BU 24600117),项目负责人:李杨欣

Application of temperature-sensitive chitosan hydrogel encapsulated exosomes in ischemic diseases

Liu Feng1, 2, Zhang Yu1, 2, Wang Yanli1, 2, Luo Wei1, 2, Han Chaoshan1, 2, Li Yangxin1, 2   

  1. 1Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2020-07-15 Revised:2020-07-17 Accepted:2020-08-11 Online:2021-06-08 Published:2021-01-07
  • Contact: Li Yangxin, PhD, Professor, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Liu Feng, Master candidate, Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Major Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 91849122 (to LYX); National Natural Science Foundation of China, 81870194 (to LYX); Jiangsu “Six Talents Peak” Innovation Team Project, No. BU 24600117 (to LYX)

摘要:

文题释义:
壳聚糖水凝胶:一种具有高生物相容性的高分子材料,被广泛用作细胞和药物的载体。壳聚糖水凝胶交联细胞或药物并移植到损伤组织中后,可在原位提高细胞或药物的驻留率;此外,壳聚糖水凝胶可以模拟天然细胞外基质的环境,以促进细胞的黏附、迁移和增殖。
外泌体:直径为30-100 nm的细胞外囊泡。几乎所有的细胞均能释放外泌体,因此外泌体广泛存在于体液中。释放到细胞微环境中的外泌体可以通过膜融合、内吞或者信号转导的方式将其携带的内含物(如ncRNA)传递到邻近细胞或者远端细胞,促进细胞间信号交流。

背景:基于间充质干细胞来源的外泌体可减少心肌缺血和再灌注损伤,但存在半衰期短、清除速度快和靶向性低等问题。
目的:对外泌体进行修饰和改造,并用温敏型水凝胶包封外泌体,以提高外泌体在体内的驻留率,改善其治疗效果。
方法:利用细胞转染的方法敲低脐带间充质干细胞来源外泌体中的piR823,检测敲低piR823的外泌体对C2C12细胞增殖与凋亡的影响。制备壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠温敏型水凝胶,将其与外泌体直接混合制备包封外泌体的壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠温敏型水凝胶,检测包封外泌体后水凝胶的成胶性能、流变学及体外缓释性能。取30只C57BL/6J小鼠,建立后肢缺血模型,随机分5组干预:A组腓肠肌注射PBS,B组注射壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠温敏型水凝胶,C组注射包封外泌体的壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠温敏型水凝胶,D组注射外泌体,E组注射敲低piR823的外泌体,分别进行肢体功能与恢复、血流、四肢抓力、运动耐力及肌肉质量再生检测。
结果与结论:①敲低piR823的外泌体抑制C2C12细胞的增殖;正常外泌体抑制过氧化氢诱导的C2C12细胞凋亡,敲低piR823后外泌体的抑制细胞凋亡作用减弱;②包封外泌体的水凝胶具有成胶性能,但成胶时间缩短,其可缓慢持续释放外泌体达30 d以上;③后肢缺血28 d后,C组的左肢血流恢复优于B、D组(P < 0.05),D组优于E组(P < 0.05);C组的四肢抓力、运动耐力跑步时间和距离优于D、B组(P < 0.05),D组优于E组(P < 0.05);C组肌肉再生情况优于B、D组(P < 0.05),D组优于E组(P < 0.05);④结果表明,以壳聚糖/β-甘油磷酸钠温敏型水凝胶包封外泌体延长了外泌体在体内的滞留时间,明显增强了血流灌注及缺血后组织功能的恢复,治疗效果更显著。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2743-3856 (刘冯) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 材料, 外泌体, 壳聚糖, 温敏型水凝胶, 间充质干细胞, 后肢缺血, 动物模型, piRNA

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells can reduce myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury, but there are some problems such as short half-life, fast clearance and low targeting.
OBJECTIVE: To modify and encapsulate exosomes with temperature-sensitive chitosan hydrogel to increase the retention rate of exosomes in the body, and to achieve better therapeutic effect.
METHODS: Cell transfection method was used to knock down piR823 in exosomes derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, and the effect of knockdown of piR823 exosomes on the proliferation and apoptosis of C2C12 cells was detected. Chitosan/β-sodium glycerophosphate temperature-sensitive hydrogel was prepared and mixed directly with exosomes to prepare chitosan/β-sodium glycerophosphate temperature-sensitive hydrogel encapsulated with exosomes. The gel-forming properties, rheology and in vitro sustained release properties of the hydrogel after encapsulation of exosomes were tested. Thirty C57BL/6J mice were taken to establish hind limb ischemia models, and randomly divided into five groups. The gastrocnemius of group A was injected with PBS; group B was injected with chitosan/β-sodium glycerophosphate temperature-sensitive hydrogel; and group C was injected with exosomes-encapsulated chitosan/β-sodium glycerophosphate temperature-sensitive hydrogel; group D was injected with exosomes; group E was injected with exosomes knocking down piR823. Limb function and recovery, blood flow, grip strength, exercise endurance and muscle regeneration were detected in each group.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Exosomes knocking down piR823 inhibited the proliferation of C2C12 cells; normal exosomes inhibited hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis of C2C12 cells. The inhibitory effect of exosomes on apoptosis was weakened after piR823 was knocked down. (2) The hydrogel encapsulating exosomes had gel-forming properties, but the gel-forming time was shortened, and it could slowly and continuously release exosomes for more than 30 days. (3) After 28 days of hindlimb ischemia, the blood flow recovery of the left limb in group C was better than that in groups B and D (P < 0.05); it in group D was better than group E (P < 0.05); the grip strength, endurance, running time and distance of group C were better than those of groups D and B (P < 0.05), and above indexes in group D were better than in group E (P < 0.05). Muscle regeneration was better in group C than in groups B and D (P < 0.05), and it in group D was better than group E (P < 0.05). (4) The results showed that encapsulation of exosomes by chitosan/β-sodium glycerophosphate temperature-sensitive hydrogel prolonged the residence time of exosomes in vivo, significantly enhanced blood perfusion and recovery of tissue function after ischemia, and the treatment effect was more significant. 

Key words: material, exosomes, chitosan, temperature-sensitive hydrogel, mesenchymal stem cells, hindlimb ischemia, animal mode, piRNA

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