中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (2): 298-303.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2956

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

基因编辑技术在骨关节炎基因治疗中的作用与意义

马笃军1,彭力平1,陈  锋2,蒋顺琬1,姜劲挺1,高  坤1,林展鹏1     

  1. 1广州中医药大学第四临床医学院骨伤科,广东省深圳市   518033;2广西中医药大学附属瑞康医院骨伤科,广西壮族自治区南宁市   530000
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-24 修回日期:2020-03-16 接受日期:2020-05-09 出版日期:2021-01-18 发布日期:2020-11-21
  • 通讯作者: 马笃军,广州中医药大学第四临床医学院骨伤科,广东省深圳市 518033
  • 作者简介:马笃军,男,1985年生,湖南省永兴县人,汉族,2013年湖南中医药大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事中西医结合治疗骨关节疾患及促进干细胞软骨分化的中医药研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(81804124);广东省自然科学基金(2018A0303130138)

Research strategy of gene editing technology in the gene treatment of osteoarthritis 

Ma Dujun1, Peng Liping1, Chen Feng2, Jiang Shunwan1, Jiang Jinting1, Gao Kun1, Lin Zhanpeng1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of  Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2020-02-24 Revised:2020-03-16 Accepted:2020-05-09 Online:2021-01-18 Published:2020-11-21
  • Contact: Ma Dujun, Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Ma Dujun, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen 518033, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81804124; the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, No. 2018A0303130138

摘要:

文题释义:
基因治疗:是指利用基因工程技术将外源正常基因导入靶细胞,以纠正或补偿缺陷和异常基因引起的疾病,以达到治疗疾病的目的,其中也包括转基因等方面的技术应用,也就是将外源基因通过基因转移技术将其插入患者的适当的受体细胞中,使外源基因制造的产物能治疗某种疾病。广义上,基因治疗还可包括从DNA水平采取的治疗某些疾病的措施和新技术。
基因编辑:又称基因组编辑或基因组工程,是一种新兴的比较精确的能对生物体基因组特定目标基因进行修饰的基因工程技术或过程。

背景:骨关节炎是以软骨退变损伤为主要病理改变的一种中老年人常见慢性疾病,早期骨关节炎可采用理疗、药物等治疗方式,中晚期可以选择手术治疗,但是总体治疗效果欠佳。
目的:综述国内外基因编辑技术对骨关节炎基因研究的最新进展。
方法:以“Gene editing,Osteoarthritis,The CRISPR/Cas9 technology,Gene therapy,Stem cells”“基因编辑、骨关节炎、CRISPR/Cas9技术、基因治疗、干细胞”为检索词,检索 2000 至 2020 年 PubMed、CNKI 中国期刊全文数据库及万方数据库中收录的骨关节炎基因治疗和基因编辑技术相关文献,进行总结分析。
结果与结论:①多种细胞生长因子和调控因子有益于促进软骨基质的合成和减轻关节炎症,为基因靶向修饰提供了种子来源;②基因编辑技术可以通过先天胚胎基因修饰,或将生物药剂释放到特定的解剖学靶点,利用口服、手术、局部外用及关节注射等方式进行目的基因导入机体发挥基因治疗作用;③关于骨关节炎疾病基因的修饰和应用策略有了新的进展;④基因编辑在应用上有了新方向,但是对骨关节炎疾病基因进行基因修饰的组织工程领域研究,在未来还需要更多的动物实验和临床试验。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8050-2849(马笃军) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 骨关节炎, 基因编辑, 基因治疗, 干细胞, 软骨细胞, 动物模型, 基因修饰

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease in middle-aged and elderly people with cartilage degeneration injury as the main pathological change. Physiotherapy and drugs can be used to treat OA in the early stage, and surgery can be used in the middle and late stage, but the overall treatment effect is poor.
OBJECTIVE: To review the latest development of gene editing technology in OA gene research worldwide.
METHODS: With “Gene editing, Osteoarthritis, The CRISPR/Cas9 technology, Gene therapy, Stem cells” as keywords in English and Chinese, respectively, literatures related to OA gene therapy and gene editing technology were retrieved from PubMed, CNKI and WanFang databases from 2000 to 2020, and summarized and analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A variety of growth factors and regulatory factors are beneficial to promoting the synthesis of cartilage matrix and reducing joint inflammation, thereby providing a seed source for gene targeted modification. Gene editing technology can be used to introduce the target genes into the body by oral, surgical, topical, and articular injection through genetic modification of the congenital embryo or release of biological agents to specific anatomical targets to play the role of gene therapy. New progress has been made in the modification and application of OA disease genes. Gene editing has taken a new direction in its application. However, more animal experiments and clinical trials are needed in the future to study the tissue engineering of genetic modification of OA disease genes.

Key words: bone, osteoarthritis, gene editing, gene therapy, stem cell, chondrocyte, animal model, genetic modification

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