中国组织工程研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 26 ›› Issue (9): 1434-1438.doi: 10.12307/2022.442

• 骨科植入物Orthopedic implants • 上一篇    下一篇

骨科手术机器人辅助与传统透视下经皮骶髂螺钉置入的优劣分析

李灿辉,吴征杰,曾焰辉,何影浩,司徒晓鹏,杜雪莲,洪  石,何家雄   

  1. 佛山市中医院,广东省佛山市   528000
  • 收稿日期:2021-05-14 修回日期:2021-05-18 接受日期:2021-07-22 出版日期:2022-03-28 发布日期:2021-12-10
  • 作者简介:李灿辉,1981年生,广东省汕头市人,2006年南方医科大学毕业,主治医师,主要从事创伤骨科方面的研究。

Advantage and disadvantage of robot-assisted sacroiliac screw placement and traditional fluoroscopy in orthopedic surgery

Li Canhui, Wu Zhengjie, Zeng Yanhui, He Yinghao, Situ Xiaopeng, Du Xuelian, Hong Shi, He Jiaxiong   

  1. Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2021-05-14 Revised:2021-05-18 Accepted:2021-07-22 Online:2022-03-28 Published:2021-12-10
  • About author:Li Canhui, Attending physician, Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Foshan 528000, Guangdong Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
骨盆骨折:骨盆部位的骨质连续性和完整性受到破坏,其多由直接暴力使骨盆受到挤压所导致。低能量损伤所致的骨折,大多不会破坏骨盆环的稳定,但是中高能量的损伤,骨盆环受到破坏的同时,会合并广泛的软组织损伤、盆腔脏器损伤及其他骨骼的损伤。
经皮骶髂螺钉固定:骨盆骨折后,骶髂关节分离,骨盆后环稳定性遭到破坏,需行骶髂螺钉固定,而传统透视下经皮骶髂螺钉固定时,螺钉置入偏离发生率高。螺钉置入的偏离可能会导致置入相关的神经血管并发症。针对这一情况,导航技术应运而生。该技术具有降低放射时间、增加螺钉置入的安全性、降低置入螺钉的返修率等优点。

背景:骨盆骨折患者常伴有骶髂关节分离,而治疗此病症最为有效的手术方式便是置入骶髂螺钉。目前常用的置钉方式主要为手术医师在透视下徒手置入,准确性及安全性较差,且术后螺钉位置与手术医师的经验息息相关。骨科手术机器人辅助下骶髂螺钉置入是近年来较为先进的手术方式,但因机器人造价较高,临床普及应用较为有限,因此,其手术安全性及可靠性目前存有较多争议。
目的:探讨机器人辅助下骶髂螺钉置入的临床效果。
方法:回顾2018年1月至2020年1月于佛山市中医院治疗的95例骨盆骨折患者,其中采用经皮骶髂螺钉置入48例,采用机器人辅助骶髂螺钉置入47例,比较两组患者骶髂螺钉置入所用手术时间、术后并发症发生例数、Matta评分、Majeed评分、Merle D ‘Aubigne and Postel评分。
结果与结论:①机器人辅助骶髂螺钉置入组手术时间明显短于经皮骶髂螺钉置入组(P < 0.05),并发症发病率明显低于经皮骶髂螺钉置入组(P < 0.05),经皮骶髂螺钉置入组内固定失效5例,骨折未愈合3例,机器人辅助骶髂螺钉置入组骨折未愈合1例,以上失败病例最终通过更换内固定达到愈合;②机器人辅助骶髂螺钉置入组Matta评分、Majeed评分、Merle D’Aubigne and Postel评分优良率均明显高于经皮骶髂螺钉置入组(P < 0.05);③机器人辅助骶髂螺钉置入组透视时间为(7.2±1.5) s/次,明显短于经皮骶髂螺钉置入组(25.7±7.6) s/次,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);④结果表明,机器人辅助下骶髂螺钉置入具有手术时间短、精确度高等优点。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2595-8672 (李灿辉) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨盆骨折, 骶髂螺钉, 手术机器人, 经皮螺钉置入, Matta评分, Majeed评分

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Patients with pelvic fractures are often accompanied by sacroiliac joint separation, and the most effective surgical treatment for this condition is the placement of sacroiliac screws. At present, the commonly used nail placement method is mainly for the surgeon to place it by hand under fluoroscopy. The accuracy and safety are poor, and the screw position after surgery is closely related to the experience of the surgeon. Orthopedic surgical robot-assisted sacroiliac screw placement is an advanced surgical method recently. However, due to the high cost of robots and limited clinical applications, there are currently many controversies regarding the safety and reliability of the operation.  
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of robot-assisted sacroiliac screw placement.
METHODS:  A total of 95 patients with pelvic fractures treated in Foshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2018 to January 2020 were reviewed. Among them, 48 patients underwent percutaneous sacroiliac screw placement and 47 patients underwent robot-assisted sacroiliac screw placement. The operation time of sacroiliac screw placement, the number of postoperative complications, Matta score, Majeed score, and Merle D 'Aubigne and Postel score were compared between the two groups.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The operation time of the robot-assisted sacroiliac screw placement group was significantly shorter than that in the percutaneous sacroiliac screw placement group (P < 0.05). The incidence of complications was significantly lower in the robot-assisted sacroiliac screw placement group than that in the percutaneous sacroiliac screw placement group (P < 0.05). Five cases of internal fixation failure and three cases of fracture nonunion were found in the percutaneous sacroiliac screw placement group. One case of fracture nonunion was found in the robot-assisted sacroiliac screw placement group. The healing of the above cases was finally achieved by replacing internal fixation. (2) The excellent and good rates of Matta score, Majeed score, and Merle D 'Aubigne and Postel score were significantly higher in the robot-assisted sacroiliac screw placement group than those in the percutaneous sacroiliac screw placement group (P < 0.05). (3) The fluoroscope time was significantly shorter in the robot-assisted sacroiliac screw placement group (7.2±1.5) s/times than that in the percutaneous sacroiliac screw placement group (25.7±7.6) s/times (P < 0.05). (4) The results showed that the robot-assisted sacroiliac screw placement had the advantages of short operation time and high accuracy.

Key words: pelvic fracture, sacroiliac screw">, surgical robot">, percutaneous screw placement">, Matta score">, Majeed score

中图分类号: