中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (24): 3792-3796.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2745

• 数字化骨科Digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

半自动脊柱手术机器人系统在脊柱外科治疗中的应用

林云志,方国芳,李修往,吴家昌,吴铭杰,谭  亮,赖国华,叶灼烽,桑宏勋   

  1. 南方医科大学深圳医院骨科,广东省深圳市  518100
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-13 修回日期:2019-11-16 接受日期:2020-01-17 出版日期:2020-08-28 发布日期:2020-08-12
  • 通讯作者: 桑宏勋,博士,主任医师,教授,南方医科大学深圳医院骨科中心,广东省深圳市 518100
  • 作者简介:林云志,男,1993年生,广东省深圳市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事脊柱外科与数字骨科研究。
  • 基金资助:

    深圳市卫生计生系统科研项目(SZXJ2017053);深圳市医疗卫生“三名工程”项目(SZSM201612019);深圳市数字外科3D 打印重点实验室(ZDSYS201707311542415)

Application of semi-automatic spinal surgery robot system in spinal surgery

Lin Yunzhi, Fang Guofang, Li Xiuwang, Wu Jiachang, Wu Mingjie, Tan Liang, Lai Guohua, Ye Zhuofeng, Sang Hongxun   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2019-11-13 Revised:2019-11-16 Accepted:2020-01-17 Online:2020-08-28 Published:2020-08-12
  • Contact: Sang Hongxun, PhD, Chief physician, Professor, Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Lin Yunzhi, Master, Department of Orthopedics, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Shenzhen Health and Family Planning System Research Project, No. SZXJ2017053; the Shenzhen Medical and Health “Three-Ming Engineering” Project, No. SZSM201612019; the Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Digital Surgery 3D Printing, No. ZDSYS201707311542415

摘要:

文题释义:

医学机器人:是多学科研究和发展的成果,是指被应用在诊断、治疗、康复、护理和功能辅助等诸多医学领域的机器人,目前主要被分为手术机器人、康复机器人、辅助机器人、服务机器人。  

自动化程度:可分为医师完全直接控制、医师机器人协同控制、医师监督下半自动及机器人全自动4个等级。医师监督下半自动即在医师监督下,手术机器人有一定的自主性执行手术任务,医师主要起到巡视监督的作用,在执行的过程中参与较少,例如肿瘤放射治疗的赛博刀系统。术中或术前医师负责手术规划,执行工作交付于手术机器人,医师在术中可调整手术计划,确保手术过程的安全执行。

背景:临床常用的手术机器人主要依赖进口,自动化程度不高,核心技术无法突破,国产机器人方兴未艾,手术机器人造价昂贵,手术费用居高不下。课题组及深圳鑫君特智能医疗器械有限公司协同开发了Orthobot脊柱外科专用手术机器人系统,对国产手术机器人的发展意义重大。

目的:通过动物腰椎模型探讨Orthobot半自动脊柱手术机器人系统在腰椎手术的应用可行性,验证其安全性及有效性,优化手术流程。

方法:将12具实验猪腰椎标本(L1-L6)随机分成2组,实验组(6具)采用术前CT扫描数据结合术中C臂机X射线透视进行配准,在三维CT数据下规划钉道,应用Orthobot机器人系统进行腰椎标本椎弓根定位,克氏针钻孔,沿克氏针攻丝,制备钉道;对照组(6具)直接采用术中C臂机X射线透视数据,在二维X射线数据下规划钉道。记录术中钉道规划时间、克氏针植入时间、射线暴露时间及机器人单个钉道制备总耗时。复查CT扫描,参照Abul-Kasimhierarchy分级系统评估植入椎弓根螺钉钉道的准确性与优良率。

结果与结论:①实验组钉道规划时间、单个钉道制备总耗时长于对照组(P < 0.001),两组射线暴露时间、克氏针植入时间比较无显著性意义(P > 0.05);②复查CT评估显示,实验组制备60个腰椎椎弓根螺钉钉道的优良率为96.7%(58/60),明显优于对照组的优良率85.0%(51/60)(P < 0.05);③结果表明对比单纯采用术中C臂,应用半自动Orthobot脊柱手术机器人系统结合术前CT与术中C臂置钉的准确率高、安全有效,但术中系统注册匹配时间增加、手术总耗时更长。

ORCID: 0000-0002-6549-7973(林云志)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨科, 脊柱, 半自动化, 机器人, 手术机器人, 椎弓根螺钉, 微创外科, 动物实验

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Spinal surgical robots are mainly imported from countries outside China. The overall level of automation is still low. Domestic robot’s core technology still has some difficulties to conquer. Domestic robots are in the ascendant. The cost of spinal surgical robots is too expensive to apply in clinic practice. Our research group has developed Orthobot spinal surgical robot system for spine surgery with Shenzhen Xinjunte Company, which may be of great significance to the development of domestic surgical robots.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the safety and effectiveness of the application of Orthobot semi-automatic spine surgery robot system in spine surgery in swine lumbar experimental model by analyzing its feasibility so as to optimize surgical procedures.

METHODS: Totally 12 swine lumbar samples (L1-L6) were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the experimental group (6 cases), pedicle screw path was planned under the three-dimensional CT data after matching the pre-operative CT images and intra-operative C-arm film. Orthobot spinal surgical robot system was used to locate the pedicle start point automatically and to drill a hole with Kirschner wire into the pedicle. Pedicle screw path was prepared through the Kirschner wire. In the control group (6 cases), X-ray perspective data of C-arm machine during operation were directly used, and the screw path was planned under the two-dimensional X-ray data. The surgical planning time, Kirschner wire implantation time, X-ray exposure time, and total operation time were recorded for further analysis. The accuracy and the excellent and good rate of pedicle screw implantation were evaluated by CT scan according to Abul-Kasimhierarchy grading system. 

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The planning time and the total operation time of single pedicle screw path preparation were lower in the experimental group than in the control group (P < 0.001). X-ray exposure time and Kirschner wire implantation time were not significantly different between the two groups (P > 0.05). (2) Post-operation CT evaluation showed that the excellent and good rate of pedicle screw path preparation was significantly better in the experimental group 96.7% (58/60) than in the control group 85.0% (51/60) (P < 0.05). (3) Results suggested that compared with intraoperative C-arm, the application of Orthobot semi-automatic spine surgery robot system combined with preoperative CT and intraoperative C-arm has high accuracy, safeness and effectiveness. However, the registration and matching time of the system is increased and the total operation time is long.

Key words: orthopedics, spine; semi-automation, robot, surgical robot, pedicle screw, minimally invasive surgery, animal experiment

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