中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (6): 977-984.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.4006

• 骨与关节循证医学 evidence-based medicine of the bone and joint • 上一篇    

术中静脉使用氨甲环酸减少多节段脊柱后路围术期出血的Meta分析

占方彪1,程  军1,邹鑫森2,龙  杰1,谢鲤钟1,邓乾蓉3   

  1. 重庆大学附属三峡医院(重庆三峡中心医院),1骨科,2重症医学科,3健康管理中心,重庆市   404000
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-19 修回日期:2020-03-24 接受日期:2020-04-27 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2020-12-05
  • 通讯作者: 谢鲤钟,副主任医师,重庆大学附属三峡医院骨科(重庆三峡中心医院骨科),重庆市 404000 邓乾蓉,主治医师,重庆大学附属三峡医院健康管理中心(重庆三峡中心医院健康管理中心),重庆市 404000
  • 作者简介:占方彪,男,1984年生,湖北省孝感市人,汉族,重庆医科大学在读博士,副主任医师,主要从事脊柱外科方面的研究。

Intraoperative intravenous application of tranexamic acid reduces perioperative bleeding in multilevel posterior spinal surgery: a meta-analysis

Zhan Fangbiao1, Cheng Jun1, Zou Xinsen2, Long Jie1, Xie Lizhong1, Deng Qianrong3   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedics, 2Department of Critical Care Medicine, 3Health Management Center, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University (Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital), Chongqing 404000, China
  • Received:2020-03-19 Revised:2020-03-24 Accepted:2020-04-27 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2020-12-05
  • Contact: Xie Lizhong, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University (Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital), Chongqing 404000, China Deng Qianrong, Attending physician, Health Management Center, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University (Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital), Chongqing 404000, China
  • About author:Zhan Fangbiao, Doctoral candidate, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Three Gorges Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing University (Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital), Chongqing 404000, China

摘要:

文题释义:
多节段脊柱后路手术:主要包括青少年特发性脊柱侧弯矫形术、成人脊柱畸形矫形术、老年退变性脊柱侧弯矫形术、退变性多节段腰椎管狭窄椎管减压植骨融合术及多节段脊髓型颈椎病或后纵韧带骨化症后路椎管扩大术等,此类手术由于手术创面大、手术时间长往往伴随着术中及术后失血多、围术期需输血的风险。
氨甲环酸:是一种人工合成的抗纤溶剂,可抑制血纤维蛋白溶酶原激活和延缓纤溶,起到稳定血凝块的作用。氨甲环酸在血浆中的半衰期为2 h,有效血浆质量浓度为1 mg/L。氨甲环酸已被用于胃肠外科、神经外科、妇产科、关节外科、心脏外科和各种鼻部手术减少出血。

目的:氨甲环酸作为一种人工合成的抗纤溶剂已被用于髋关节置换、胃肠外科、神经外科、妇产科、心脏外科和各种鼻部手术中减少出血,近年来也逐渐被应用于脊柱外科。利用Meta 分析方法评价术中静脉使用氨甲环酸与安慰剂相比是可否减少多节段脊柱后路手术围术期出血及输血事件发生率。
方法:应用计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、EMBASE数据库有关氨甲环酸在多节段脊柱后路手术中应用的随机对照试验,试验组术中静脉使用氨甲环酸,对照组使用安慰剂。由2名评价员对所有检索的文献按照纳入及排除标准筛选文献,用改良Jadad量表评价文献质量后采用 Review Manager 5.3 软件进行 Meta分析。
结果:①文章共纳入9篇随机对照试验,改良Jadad量表评分显示7分6篇、6分1篇、4分1篇、3分1篇;②Meta分析显示,氨甲环酸组术后引流量、术中出血量、术中红细胞回收量、输血事件发生率、围术期总出血量均少于安慰剂组[MD=-102.70,95%CI(-141.25,-64.15),Z=5.22,P < 0.000 01;MD=-23.23,95%CI(-44.00,-2.47),Z=2.19,P=0.03;MD=-139.36,95%CI(-275.23,-3.49),Z=2.01,P=0.04;OR=0.52,95%CI(0.33,0.84),Z=2.71,P=0.007;MD=-228.98,95%CI(-399.75,-58.22),Z=2.63,P=0.009],两组术前血红蛋白及红细胞压积、术后即刻血红蛋白、住院时间、手术时间比较差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。
结论:在脊柱后路多节段手术中静脉使用氨甲环酸可减少围术期总出血量、术中出血量、术后引流量、术中红细胞回收量及输血事件发生率,但由于纳入研究数量和质量有限,以上结论尚需更多高质量大样本研究予以验证。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5124-1531 (占方彪) 
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 氨甲环酸, 脊柱手术, 后路, 多节段, 随机对照试验, Meta 分析, 出血

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: Tranexamic acid as a synthetic antifibrinolytic agent has been used in hip replacement, gastrointestinal surgery, neurosurgery, obstetrics and gynecology, cardiac surgery, and various nasal operations to reduce bleeding. In recent years, tranexamic acid has also been used in spinal surgery. Meta-analysis was used to evaluate whether intraoperative intravenous tranexamic acid reduced the incidence of perioperative bleeding and transfusion events in multilevel posterior spinal surgery compared with placebo.
METHODS: The randomized controlled trials of tranexamic acid in the use of PubMed, Cochrane Library and EMBASE in multi-segment posterior spinal surgery were searched by computer. Tranexamic acid was used intravenously in the experimental group and placebo was used in the control group. Two reviewers screened all the retrieved literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The literature quality was evaluated with the modified Jadad scale and meta-analysis was performed with the Review Manager 5.3 software. 
RESULTS: (1) A total of nine randomized controlled trials were included in this study. The score of the modified Jadad scale showed 7 points in 6 articles, 6 points in 1 article, 4 points in 1 article and 3 points in 1 article. (2) Meta-analysis showed that the amount of postoperative drainage, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative erythrocyte recovery, incidence of transfusion events, and total perioperative blood loss in the tranexamic acid group were all lower than those in the placebo group [MD=-102.70, 95%CI(-141.25, -64.15), Z=5.22, P < 0.000 01; MD=-23.23, 95%CI(-44.00, -2.47), Z=2.19, P=0.03; MD=-139.36, 95%CI(-275.23, -3.49), Z=2.01, P=0.04; OR=0.52, 95%CI(0.33, 0.84), Z=2.71, P=0.007; MD=-228.98, 95%CI[-399.75, -58.22], Z=2.63, P=0.009]. Preoperative hemoglobin, hematocrit, immediate postoperative hemoglobin, hospital stay, and operation time had no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Intravenous tranexamic acid can reduce the total perioperative blood loss, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, intraoperative erythrocyte recovery and the incidence of transfusion events in posterior spinal multilevel surgery. However, due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, the above conclusions still need to be verified by more high-quality large-sample studies.

Key words: bone, tranexamic acid, spinal surgery, posterior, multilevel, randomized controlled trial, meta-analysis, bleeding

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