中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (31): 4700-4706.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.31.020

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

内固定与外固定材料修复骨盆骨折损伤:合理选择与生物相容性

郎 毅,融 恺,陈平波   

  1. 新疆医科大学附属中医医院骨四科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830000
  • 修回日期:2016-05-16 出版日期:2016-07-22 发布日期:2016-07-22
  • 通讯作者: 陈平波,主任医师,新疆医科大学附属中医医院骨四科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830000
  • 作者简介:郎毅,男,1981年生,四川省乐至县人,汉族,2005年贵阳中医学院毕业,主治医师,主要从事骨科四肢创伤骨科研究。

Internal and external fixation materials for the repair of pelvic fracture: reasonable choice and biocompatibility

Lang Yi, Rong Kai, Chen Ping-bo   

  1. Fourth Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Revised:2016-05-16 Online:2016-07-22 Published:2016-07-22
  • Contact: Chen Ping-bo, Chief physician, Fourth Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Lang Yi, Attending physician, Fourth Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:


文题释义:
骨盆骨折内固定和外固定:目的主要是恢复骨盆结构的完整,纠正骨折移位和旋转畸形,提供稳定的固定。稳定的骨盆骨折类型可选择保守的外固定材料固定,外固定可对骨盆的前环进行适度复位,操作简单,对骨盆骨折可进行早期临时固定。而不稳定性骨盆骨折多因巨大暴力直接作用于骨盆所致,采用外固定方法并发症较多,因此不稳定的骨折类型临床则需结合患者的具体情况选择固定方法,即个性化内固定方案或将外固定与内固定联合使用。
髋臼骨折内固定:包括髓外固定如髋臼钢板固定,髓内固定如拉力螺钉固定,髓内、外相结合固定等。研究人员将髋臼横断骨折3种常用的内固定方法进行生物力学比较,发现髋臼横断骨折,前柱单钢板内固定的稳定性高于后柱单钢板内固定。而后柱双钢板内固定的稳定性最强,但髋臼后壁为较易发生骨折的部位,因其解剖厚度较薄,较难固定,而在生理活动时又易受到撞击,易导致固定失败。
 
摘要
背景:骨盆骨折多为高能量损伤所致,随着影像学技术的发展及对骨盆解剖结构和生物力学的深入研究,内固定和外固定材料在骨盆骨折损伤修复中逐渐被应用。
目的:综述骨盆骨折后外固定支架材料、经皮螺钉固定、经皮骶髂螺钉内固定材料和髓内拉力螺钉内固定材料的特点及应用。
方法:通过参阅1994至2015年万方数据库和PubMed数据库有关内固定材料、外固定材料在骨盆骨折中应用的文献,进行分析、综合并归纳。
结果与结论:骨盆外固定材料的应用有助于早期骨盆骨折骨折块的稳定且损伤小,可增加固定的可靠性,但单纯外固定材料提供的生物力学稳定性较其他内固定差,只可用于特定情况下不稳定型骨盆骨折的早期临时固定;内固定材料可达到解剖复位,符合骨盆生理力学要求,能提高骨盆稳定性,已成为修复不稳定骨盆骨折的首选,目前常用的有经皮空心螺钉内固定、经皮骶髂螺钉内固定、髓内拉力螺钉内固定等。将外固定与内固定材料结合也能够有效恢复骨盆腔稳定性,因此应综合考虑骨折部位、类型、稳定程度等选择合适的内固定和外固定材料。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

ORCID:
0000-0002-6197-6491(郎毅)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 骨植入物, 骨盆骨折, 稳定性, 修复, 重建, 内固定材料, 外固定材料

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Pelvic fractures are mostly caused by high energy trauma. With the development of imaging techniques and in-depth study of the anatomical structure of the pelvis and biomechanics, internal fixation and external fixation materials are gradually being used in the repair of pelvic fracture.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize features and applications of external fixation stent material, percutaneous screw fixation, percutaneous sacral iliac screw material for internal fixation and intramedullary tensile screw material for internal fixation after pelvic fracture.
METHODS: We retrieved Wanfang Database and PubMed for studies on the application of internal fixation material and external fixation material in pelvic fracture from 1994 to 2015. All data were analyzed and summarized.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Application of pelvic external fixation materials contributed to the stability of early pelvic fractures, showed small injury, could increase the reliability of fixation. However, the biomechanical stability of external fixation materials was lower than other internal fixation, could only be used for the early temporary fixation of unstable pelvic fractures in particular cases. Internal fixation materials can achieve anatomical reduction, accorded with the requirements of the physical mechanics of the pelvis, improve the stability of the pelvis, and have become the first choice for repair of unstable pelvic fractures. Currently used methods are percutaneous hollow screw fixation, percutaneous fixation of the sacral iliac screw, and intramedullary lag screw fixation. The combination of external fixation and internal fixation can effectively restore the stability of the pelvic cavity. Therefore, we should consider the location, type and stability of the fracture to select the appropriate internal fixation and external fixation materials.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

 

Key words: Pelvis, Internal Fixators, External Fixators, Tissue Engineering

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