中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (20): 3248-3255.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2529

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

肝衰竭修复替代治疗的现状与发展对策

郭  伟1,卢  姗1,范  红1,李  君2   

  1. 1中国生物技术发展中心,北京市 100039;2浙江大学医学院附属第一医院(传染病诊治国家重点实验室),浙江省杭州市  310003
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-18 修回日期:2019-07-27 接受日期:2019-09-02 出版日期:2020-07-18 发布日期:2020-04-13
  • 作者简介:郭伟,男,1985年生,山西省晋中市人,汉族,2012年首都医科大学公共卫生学院毕业,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事国家科技计划项目管理、医疗器械、生物医用材料、组织工程研究。

Alternative treatment for liver failure repair: current status and development countermeasures

Guo Wei1, Lu Shan1, Fan Hong1, Li Jun2   

  1. 1China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing 100039, China; 2State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Received:2019-07-18 Revised:2019-07-27 Accepted:2019-09-02 Online:2020-07-18 Published:2020-04-13
  • About author:Guo Wei, Master, Assistant researcher, China National Center for Biotechnology Development, Beijing 100039, China

摘要:

文题释义:

肝衰竭:是指各种原因引起的肝细胞大面积坏死或严重肝功能损害,出现以黄疸、腹水、肝性脑病和凝血功能障碍等为主要表现的一种临床综合征。

组织工程肝脏:利用组织工程新技术构建的由生物材料和种子细胞组成的,可以在一定程度上模拟肝脏的合成、解毒、代谢和分泌等生理性功能的类肝脏组织器官。

背景:为解决肝移植的临床应用受供肝来源短缺限制的问题,世界各国科学家正在积极探索,相继研究发展了人工肝、组织工程肝脏、异种器官移植等技术手段以期解决缓解器官短缺的问题,从而对肝衰竭起到一个修复或替代的治疗作用。

目的:阐述肝衰竭修复替代治疗的发展历程、研究现状和未来预期。

方法:检索web of science、万方数据库2000至2019年发表的文献,检索关键词为“artificial liver,liver tissue engineering,hepatic failure,肝衰竭,肝移植”。

结果与结论:针对肝衰竭等晚期肝脏疾病,主要有原位肝移植、细胞移植、人工肝系统和组织工程肝脏等修复替代治疗手段。国内目前已有多家医院和机构自主研发了人工肝装置,尽管生物型人工肝和混合型人工肝在肝衰竭治疗上展现出很好的发展前景,但大多仍处于动物实验阶段,未来应加大生物反应器的研发力度,增强支架内的细胞活率。利用生物材料和种子细胞构建的组织工程肝脏可以在一定程度上模拟肝脏的合成、解毒、代谢和分泌等生理性功能,可经体内移植治疗终末期肝病,是组织功能领域的研究热点,而解决生物支架体内移植的凝血问题、促进支架的血管化形成是该领域的需要努力的方向。异种移植是解决人类器官供体严重短缺的最佳途径,但该技术距离临床应用依然还有很长的路要走。

ORCID: 0000-0002-7727-550X(郭伟)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

关键词: 组织工程, 肝移植, 组织工程肝脏, 人工肝, 肝衰竭, 脱细胞支架, 3D打印, 血管化

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: In order to solve the problem that the clinical application of liver transplantation is limited by the shortage of supply sources of liver, scientists from all over the world are actively exploring and have successively studied and developed technical means such as artificial liver, tissue-engineered liver and xenotransplantation. It can be used as a corrective or alternative treatment for liver failure.

OBJECTIVE: To expound the development history, research status and future expectation of repair and alternative treatment for liver failure.

METHODS: Relevant articles published from 2000 to 2019 were searched in the Web of Science and WanFang databases. The keywords were “active liver, liver tissue engineering, hepatic failure” in English and Chinese, respectively.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For advanced liver diseases such as liver failure, there are some repair and alternative treatments, including in situ liver transplantation, cell transplantation, artificial liver system, and tissue-engineered liver. To date, a number of hospitals and institutions in China have independently developed artificial liver devices. Although bioartificial liver and mixed artificial liver have shown good prospects in the treatment of liver failure, most of them are still in the experimental stage of animals. Further investigations on the development of bioreactors to enhance cell survival in scaffolds are necessary. Tissue-engineered liver constructed by biological materials and seed cells can to some extent simulate the physiological functions of liver synthesis, detoxification, metabolism, and secretion, which can be transplanted into the body to treat end-stage liver disease. It is a research hotspot in the field of tissue function. Efforts to solve the clotting problem and to promote the vascular formation of scaffold are warranted in this field. Xenograft is the best way to solve the serious shortage of human organ donors, but there is still a long way for this technique away from clinical application.

Key words: tissue engineering, liver transplantation, tissue-engineered liver, artificial liver, hepatic failure, decellularized scaffold, 3D printing, angiogenesis

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