中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (11): 1790-1796.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2493

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

基于近红外光谱分析技术评价运动对老年人认知功能改善的作用

郭晓征,王  兴   

  1. 上海体育学院,上海市  200438
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-26 修回日期:2019-06-29 接受日期:2019-08-09 出版日期:2020-04-18 发布日期:2020-02-29
  • 通讯作者: 王兴,博士,教授,博士生导师,上海体育学院,上海市 200438
  • 作者简介:郭晓征,女,1991年生,河南省洛阳市人,上海体育学院在读博士,主要从事运动与脑健康促进的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    上海体育科学研究所课题(2017TKS002)

Improvement of cognitive function in older adults based on near-infrared spectroscopy

Guo Xiaozheng, Wang Xing   

  1. Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
  • Received:2019-07-26 Revised:2019-06-29 Accepted:2019-08-09 Online:2020-04-18 Published:2020-02-29
  • Contact: Wang Xing, MD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Shanghai University of Sports, Shanghai 200438, China
  • About author:Guo Xiaozheng, Doctoral candidate, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
  • Supported by:
    the Project of Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science, No. 2017TKS002

摘要:

文题释义:
认知老化:增龄性的认知功能减退,成年之后,随着年龄的增加,记忆、注意、推理能力在达到高峰之后,便开始缓慢的下降,抑制无关刺激影响的能力减弱,进入老年之后,认知功能的衰退加快。
运动负荷:包括负荷强度和负荷量。负荷强度是指运动对机体刺激的深度,通常用最大摄氧量百分比或者最大心率百分比来表示;负荷数量是指练习的重复次数,在训练计划中与负荷强度呈反比的关系。

背景:认知老化是增龄性相关的认知功能衰退,临床上目前没有明确的治疗原则可循,进入终末期发展成为认知功能障碍,运动延缓认知老化得到普遍认可。

目的:总结目前基于近红外光谱分析技术评价运动延缓认知老化的进展和不足。

方法:遵循PRISMA指南,由第一作者以“运动,近红外光谱,认知,老年人,组织蛋白酶B,脑源性神经营养因子”为中文检索词,以“exercise,near-infrared spectroscopy,cognition,elderly or older adults,cathepsin B,brain-derived neurotrophic factor”为英文检索词,对PubMed,WOS,CNKI,万方等数据库分别进行检索,对文献中基于近红外光谱技术的运动,老年人的认知功能的文献,保留37篇文献进一步总结分析。

结果与结论:综合目前基于近红外光谱技术分析运动延缓认知老化的研究,证实运动改善不同脑区皮质的激活程度,进而改善认知功能。长期的有氧运动对认知功能改善的效果较短期运动优,更有利于延缓认知老化。其潜在的生理学机制可能在于运动改善大脑的血流灌注,其次运动刺激骨骼肌分泌神经营养因子,促进神经元的生长、存活、增殖。但干预方案无统一标准,诸多环节,如个体差异、不同脑区指标的结合,被试的身体状况(心血管疾病和肺部疾病)的测试程序均有待于进一步完善,提高参数的可靠性和有效性。

ORCID: 0000-0002-1771-5008(王兴)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

关键词: 运动, 近红外光谱分析技术, 大脑血氧, 大脑皮层的活动性, 认知, 组织蛋白酶B, 脑源性神经营养因子, 综述

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Cognitive aging is an age-related cognitive degeneration that can develop into a cognitive dysfunction in the end stage. There is no clear therapeutic principle in clinical practice, but it is generally recognized that exercises can delay cognitive aging.

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current progress and shortcomings of exercise-delayed cognitive aging based on near-infrared spectroscopy.

METHODS: In line with the PRISMA guidelines, the first author searched PubMed, WOS, CNKI, and WanFang using the keywords of “exercise, near-infrared spectroscopy, cognition, elderly or older adults, cathepsin B, brain-derived neurotrophic factor” in Chinese and English, respectively. Literature addressing senile cognitive function based on the near-infrared spectroscopy technique was retrieved, and 37 eligible articles were retained for further analysis.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We performed a comprehensive analysis of exercise-delayed cognitive aging based on near-infrared spectroscopy and confirmed that exercise improves the activation of cortex in different brain regions and thus improves cognitive function. Long-term aerobic exercise has better effects in the improvement of cognitive function than short-term exercise, which is more conducive to delaying cognitive aging. The underlying physiological mechanism may be that exercise improves blood flow in the brain, stimulates the secretion of neurotrophic factors from the skeletal muscle, and promotes the growth, survival and proliferation of neurons. However, there is no uniform standard for the interventional strategies. There are many links to be further improved, such as integration of individual differences and indexes in different brain regions, procedures for testing physical conditions (cardiovascular and lung diseases), to enhance the reliability of relevant parameters. 

Key words: exercise, near-infrared spectroscopy, cerebral blood oxygen, activity of the cerebral cortex, cognition, cathepsin B, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, review

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