中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (28): 4580-4587.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2317

• 材料生物相容性 material biocompatibility • 上一篇    下一篇

心脏瓣膜假体植入和外科消融迷宫手术治疗瓣膜病合并心房颤动

 12,王辉山2,韩劲松2,尹宗涛2,张锡祾12   

  1. 1锦州医科大学北部战区总医院研究生培养基地,辽宁省沈阳市  1100162中国人民解放军北部战区总医院心血管外科,辽宁省沈阳市 110016

  • 收稿日期:2019-12-05 修回日期:2019-12-10 接受日期:2020-01-22 出版日期:2020-10-08 发布日期:2020-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 韩劲松,博士,副主任医师,硕士生导师,中国人民解放军北部战区总医院心血管外科,辽宁省沈阳市 110016
  • 作者简介:马超,男,1988年生,江苏省南京市人,汉族,锦州医科大学在读硕士,现规培于中国人民解放军北部战区总医院,主要从事心脏瓣膜病和迷宫手术方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    2017 年辽宁省自然基金计划重点项目(20170540977)

Cardiac valve prosthesis implantation and surgical maze ablation for the treatment of valvular disease with atrial fibrillation

Ma Chao1, 2, Wang Huishan2, Han Jinsong2, Yin Zongtao2, Zhang Xiling1, 2   

  1. 1Graduate School, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Jinzhou Medical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China; 2Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China

  • Received:2019-12-05 Revised:2019-12-10 Accepted:2020-01-22 Online:2020-10-08 Published:2020-09-01
  • Contact: Han Jinsong, MD, Associate chief physician, Master candidate, Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Ma Chao, Master candidate, Graduate School, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Jinzhou Medical University, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:

     the Major Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province in 2017, No. 20170540977

摘要:

文题释义:

人工瓣膜置换或瓣环植入:由于二尖瓣成形术具有保留完善左心室结构和功能、减少血栓形成等优点,许多指南都推荐瓣膜成形作为二尖瓣病变的首选术式,而人工瓣环植入是瓣环成形的重要组成部分。但对于瓣叶及瓣下结构已存在严重病变的患者,瓣膜成形效果可能不佳,应行瓣膜置换。由于人工机械瓣的长期抗凝及血栓、出血等并发症,生物瓣存在耐久度问题;人工瓣膜选择是一个复杂的过程,必须平衡患者特征和材料的特定因素综合决定。

迷宫手术:通过切开和缝合形成一系列瘢痕来阻断心房颤动的信号传播。最初的手术方式常导致左心房功能障碍及起搏器植入高发生率,经过了两次换代,迷宫Ⅲ手术已成为心房颤动外科治疗的金标准。然而迷宫Ⅲ手术的复杂性和高技术难度阻止了其进一步推广。迷宫Ⅳ手术于2002年推出,射频消融与冷冻消融取代了原先的切开缝合,使得迷宫手术的受欢迎程度明显增加。

背景:二尖瓣疾病患者二尖瓣置换与二尖瓣瓣环成形术后的心房颤动发生率较高,迷宫手术是心房颤动外科治疗的金标准,而人工瓣膜与瓣环对迷宫手术的影响不明确。

目的:评价瓣膜性房颤外科消融迷宫术后窦性心律-左心房收缩功能的变化规律,以及瓣膜置换或瓣环植入是否影响窦性心律-左心房收缩功能的恢复。

方法:纳入201310月至201710月中国人民解放军北部战区总医院收治的324例二尖瓣病变伴随持续性或长期持续性心房颤动患者,接受迷宫手术后均进行人工瓣膜置换或人工瓣环植入治疗。分别于出院时,术后1361224个月进行心电图和超声心动图随访。应用多因素Cox回归模型分析左心房收缩力恢复的预测因素。试验已通过中国人民解放军北部战区总医院(原沈阳军区总医院)伦理委员会批准。

结果与结论:2例患者(0.6%)在围术期死亡,其余322例患者均获得2年随访,随访期间无人工材料相关不良事件发生;②患者术后左心房收缩力恢复率逐步升高,至术后1年,左心房收缩力与窦性心律共存的一致性较好(Kappa系数≥0.75P < 0.05),术后2年时窦性心律和左心房收缩力恢复率分别为86.6%85.1%;③Cox多元回归分析显示,较长术前心房颤动时间、较大术前左心房内径、术后3个月左心房收缩力缺失和冷冻消融术式是迷宫术后中晚期(>3个月)窦性心律和左心房收缩力恢复的共同预测因素(P < 0.05),较长术前心房颤动持续时间、较大术前左心房内径、切开与缝合术式是左心房收缩力中晚期恢复的预测因素(P < 0.05),瓣膜置换或瓣环植入、材料类型及假体型号不是心房颤动和力中晚期恢复的影响因素(P > 0.05);④ROC曲线分析显示,术前心房颤动时间与术前左心房内径对左心房收缩力恢复的最佳预测临界值分别为36.5个月(敏感度90.5%,特异性93.7%)60.5 mm(敏感度93.8%,特异性85.0%);⑤结果表明外科消融迷宫术后左心房收缩力恢复是一个动态提高的过程,早期左心房收缩力恢复有利于维持稳定的窦性心律,术前心房颤动持续时间延长、左心房内径增大及冷冻消融能量方式对外科消融迷迷宫手术存在不利影响,瓣环成形或瓣膜置换不会影响外科消融迷宫手术疗效。

ORCID: 0000-0002-9632-7651(马超)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 心房颤动, 瓣膜性心脏病, 迷宫手术, 心房收缩力, 生物材料, 材料相容性;, 人工瓣环, 心脏瓣膜假体

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Patients with mitral valve disease have a higher incidence of atrial fibrillation after mitral valve replacement and mitral annuloplasty. Maze surgery is the gold standard for surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation. The effect of artificial valve and valve ring on maze surgery is not clear.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changes of sinus rhythm-left atrial contractive function after surgical maze ablation of valvular atrial fibrillation and whether valve replacement or valve ring implantation affects the recovery of sinus rhythm-left atrial contractive function.

METHODS: From October 2013 to October 2017, 324 patients who underwent surgical maze ablation due to mitral valve lesions associated with persistent or long-term persistent atrial fibrillation in the General Hospital of Northern Theater Command were enrolled. All patients were treated with artificial valve replacement or artificial valve ring implantation after maze operation. The patients were followed up by electrocardiogram and echocardiography at discharge and 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 months after procedure. A multivariate Cox analysis of predictive factors for left atrial contractive function recuperation was applied. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of General Hospital of Northern Theater Command (original General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region of Chinese PLA).

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Two patients (0.6%) died during the perioperative period, and the remaining 322 patients were followed up for 2 years. There were no adverse events related to artificial materials during the follow-up. (2) The recovery rate of left atrial contractive function increased gradually after procedure. The coexistence consistency of left atrial contractive function and sinus rhythm was good until 1 year after surgery (Kappa coefficient ≥ 0.75, P < 0.05). Two years after maze procedure, the recovery rates of sinus rhythm and left atrial contractive function were 86.6% and 85.1%, respectively. (3) Cox multiple regression analysis showed that long duration of preoperative atrial fibrillation, large preoperative left atrial diameter, loss of left atrial contractive function 3 months after surgery, and cryoablation were the common predictors of sinus rhythm and left atrial contractive function recovery in the middle and late stages (> 3 months) after surgical maze ablation (all P values < 0.05). Long duration of preoperative atrial fibrillation, large preoperative left atrial diameter, incision and suture modes were the predictors of the recovery of left atrial systolic force (P < 0.05). Valvular replacement or valve ring implantation, material type and prosthesis pattern were not the factors that affect the recovery of atrial fibrillation and left atrial systolic force in the middle and late stages (P > 0.05). (4) ROC curve analysis showed that the optimal critical value of preoperative atrial fibrillation time and preoperative left atrial diameter for prediction of left arterial contractive function recovery was 36.5 months (sensitivity 90.5%, specificity 93.7%) and 60.5 mm (sensitivity 93.8%, specificity 85.0%) respectively. (5) These results suggest that the recovery of left atrial contractive function after surgical maze ablation is a dynamic improvement process. Early recovery of left atrial contractive function is beneficial to maintaining stable sinus rhythm in the future. Prolonged duration of atrial fibrillation, enlarged left atrial diameter, and cryoablation mode may have adverse effects on surgical maze ablation. Valve ring implantation or valvular replacement does not affect the efficacy of surgical maze ablation. 

Key words:

atrial fibrillation, valvular heart disease, maze procedure, atrial contraction, biomaterial, material compatibility, artificial valve ring,  , heart valve prosthesis  

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