中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (28): 4573-4579.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2308

• 材料生物相容性 material biocompatibility • 上一篇    下一篇

药物涂层球囊与药物洗脱支架治疗老年2型糖尿病并冠状动脉小血管病变的安全性比较

郑海军,晋  辉,崔红玲,朱亚坤,曾  辉,韩风杰,邱翠婷,刘     

  1. 焦作市人民医院心血管内科1病区,河南省焦作市  454002

  • 收稿日期:2019-10-12 修回日期:2019-10-19 接受日期:2020-01-02 出版日期:2020-10-08 发布日期:2020-09-01
  • 通讯作者: 郑海军,焦作市人民医院心血管内科1病区,河南省焦作市454002
  • 作者简介:郑海军,男,1965年生,河南省焦作市人,主任医师,主要从事心血管内科介入治疗。

Safety of drug-coated balloon versus drug-eluting stents in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by coronary artery small vessel disease in older adult patients

Zheng Haijun, Jin Hui, Cui Hongling, Zhu Yakun, Zeng Hui, Han Fengjie, Qiu Cuiting, Liu Jing   

  1. Ward I of Department of Cardiology, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo 454002, Henan Province, China

  • Received:2019-10-12 Revised:2019-10-19 Accepted:2020-01-02 Online:2020-10-08 Published:2020-09-01
  • Contact: Zheng Haijun, Ward I of Department of Cardiology, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo 454002, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Zheng Haijun, Chief physician, Ward I of Department of Cardiology, Jiaozuo People's Hospital, Jiaozuo 454002, Henan Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:

雷帕霉素药物洗脱支架:由金属裸支架基体、雷帕霉素药物涂层和输送系统3部分组成。支架材料选用316L医用不锈钢,表面涂覆药物(雷帕霉素)和高分子载体混合涂层;输送系统即快速球囊扩张导管,选用医用尼龙高分子材料。适用于冠状动脉狭窄或闭塞引起的心肌缺血或心绞痛,病变血管直径在2.5-4.0 mm之间,病变长度在14.0-36.0 mm之间,经皮冠状动脉介入术后结果不满意,病变残留狭窄明显,经皮冠状动脉介入后出现急性的和/或预兆性堵塞。雷帕霉素是一种新型大环内酯类免疫抑制剂,通过不同的细胞因子受体阻断信号传导,阻断T淋巴细胞及其他细胞由G1期至S期的进程,发挥免疫抑制效应。

紫杉醇药物涂层球囊:2部分组成,一个标准的血管成形术球囊导管来提供基础的输送装置,扩张靶向病变部位;另一部分是药物涂层,其在球囊表面的紫杉醇量为3 μg/mm2;主要靠药物在血管内壁的释放发挥作用。球囊扩张20 s时药物释放达到了接近90%,在45 s时药物已经释放率94%以上;药物丢失率平均值控制在5%以内。紫杉醇药物涂层球囊可用于治疗小血管病变、分叉病变、部分冠状动脉血管原发病变,以及不能耐受或不适合长期服用抗血小板药物的患者。药物涂层球囊虽然能有效地抑制血管平滑肌细胞再生,但不能有效抑制血管壁弹性回缩,后者在血管再狭窄中起着至关重要的作用。

背景研究发现药物涂层球囊可减少冠状动脉小血管病变晚期管腔丢失,术后6个月主要不良心血管事件发生率与药物洗脱支架相似,但其对于老年2型糖尿病并冠状动脉小血管病变患者疗效目前尚缺乏临床研究。

目的:比较药物涂层球囊与药物洗脱支架治疗老年2型糖尿病并冠状动脉小血管病变的的疗效及安全性。

方法:选择20161月至20189月焦作市人民医院收治的老年2型糖尿病并冠状动脉小血管病变患者122例,按照数字表法随机分为药物洗脱支架组(n=62)和药物涂层球囊组(n=60)。两组均先用半顺应性球囊进行预扩张,随后植入对应的支架材料。术前及术后即刻、6个月、12个月分别进行选择性定量冠状动脉造影,观察两组患者靶病变最小管腔直径、残余狭窄程度、管腔增加及晚期管腔丢失等指标;术后随访612个月的主要不良心血管事件及出血事件。研究经焦作市人民医院医学伦理学委员会审核批准(201503)

结果与结论:①药物涂层球囊组手术成功率高于药物洗脱支架组(P=0.028);②术后即刻,药物涂层球囊组最小管腔直径及管腔增加均小于药物洗脱支架组(P均< 0.001),残余狭窄程度大于药物洗脱支架组(P < 0.001);③术后6个月,药物涂层球囊组靶血管晚期管腔丢失小于药物洗脱支架组(P < 0.001),靶血管血运重建率及主要不良心血管事件发生率低于药物洗脱支架组(P=0.0280.010);④术后12个月,药物涂层球囊组最小管腔直径大于药物洗脱支架组(P=0.033),残余狭窄程度及晚期管腔丢失小于药物洗脱支架组(P=0.028P < 0.001),靶血管血运重建率、主要不良心血管事件发生率及出血事件发生率均低于药物洗脱支架组(P=0.008 0.002,0.019);⑤结果表明,药物涂层球囊治疗老年2型糖尿病并冠状动脉小血管病变操作相对简单易行,手术成功率高,可减少残余狭窄程度及晚期管腔丢失,降低靶血管血运重建率、主要不良心血管事件发生率及出血事件发生率,临床预后优于药物洗脱支架。

ORCID: 0000-0001-7227-6792(郑海军)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 药物涂层球囊, 药物洗脱支架, 冠心病, 小血管病变, 老年, 糖尿病, 经皮冠状动脉介入

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: It has been found that drug-coated balloons can reduce the loss of lumen in the advanced stage of coronary small-vessel disease, and the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events at 6 months after surgery with drug-coated balloons is similar to that of drug-eluting stents. However, clinical studies on the efficacy of drug-eluting stents in older adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by coronary artery small vessel disease are still lacking.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy and safety of drug-coated balloon versus drug-eluting stent in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by coronary artery small vessel disease in older adult patients.

METHODS: A total of 122 older adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by coronary artery small vessel disease who received treatment in Jiaozuo People’s Hospital between January 2016 and September 2018 were included in this study. These patients were randomly divided into a drug-eluting stent group (n=62) and a drug-coated balloon group (n=60). Patients in both groups underwent coronary artery predilation with a semi-compliant balloon, followed by implantation of corresponding stents. Selective quantitative coronary angiography was performed before surgery, immediately, 6 months and 12 months after surgery. The minimum lumen diameter, residual stenosis, lumen increase and late lumen loss of target lesions were observed in the two groups. At 6 and 12 months after surgery, major adverse cardiovascular events and bleeding events were followed up. This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Jiaozuo People’s Hospital, China (approval No. 201503).

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The success rate of surgery in the drug-coated balloon group was significantly higher than that in the drug-eluting group (P=0.028). (2) Immediately after surgery, the minimum lumen diameter and lumen increase in the drug-coated balloon group were less than those in the drug-eluting stent group (both P < 0.01). The residual stenosis in the drug-coated balloon group was significantly greater than that in the drug-eluting stent group (P < 0.01). (3) At 6 months after surgery, late lumen loss of target vessels in the drug-coated balloon group was smaller than that in the drug-eluting stent group (P < 0.001). The rates of target vessel revascularization and major adverse cardiovascular events in the drug-coated balloon group were lower than those in the drug-eluting stent group (P=0.028, 0.010). (4) At 12 months after surgery, the minimum lumen diameter in the drug-coated balloon group was larger than that in the drug-eluting stent group (P=0.033). The residual stenosis and late lumen loss in the drug-coated balloon group were lower than those in the drug-eluting stent group (P=0.008, 0.002, 0.019). (5) These results suggest that drug-coated balloon for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by coronary artery small vessel disease is simple and easy to operate, with a high surgical success rate. Drug-coated balloon can reduce residual stenosis degree and late lumen loss, decrease the revascularization rate of target vessels, and reduce the incidences of major adverse cardiovascular disease and bleeding events. The clinical prognosis of drug-coated balloon is superior to that of drug-eluting stent. 

Key words:

drug coated balloon, drug eluting stent, coronary heart disease, small vascular disease, the elderly, diabetes mellitus, percutaneous coronary intervention 

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