中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 344-349.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2967

• 数字化骨科Digital orthopedics • 上一篇    下一篇

三维步态分析比较青年人与老年人双任务下步态特征的差异

杨凤娇1,2,王芗斌1,2,3,侯美金1,2,喻  娇4,李镇辉1,2,傅升星1,2,林紫玲1,2,刘本科1,2   

  1. 1福建中医药大学,福建省福州市   350122;2中医骨伤及运动康复教育部重点实验室,福建省福州市   350122;3福建中医药大学附属第三人民医院,福建省福州市   350122;4福建医科大学附属龙岩第一医院康复医学科,福建省龙岩市   364000
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-11 修回日期:2020-03-16 接受日期:2020-05-13 出版日期:2021-01-28 发布日期:2020-11-16
  • 通讯作者: 王芗斌,教授,博士生导师,福建中医药大学康复医学院,福建省福州市 350122
  • 作者简介:杨凤娇,女,1994年生,安徽省淮北人,汉族,福建中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事膝骨关节炎的基础与临床研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81774384);福建省康复产业研究院开放课题(2015Y2001-55);福建省科技厅引导性项目(2017Y0046);福建中医药大学校管课题(X2017020)

Comparison of gait characteristics between young and elderly people under dual tasks using three-dimensional gait analysis

Yang Fengjiao1, 2, Wang Xiangbin1, 2, 3, Hou Meijin1, 2, Yu Jiao4, Li Zhenhui1, 2, Fu Shengxing1, 2, Lin Ziling1, 2, Liu Benke1, 2   

  1. 1Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Province, China; 2Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Bone Injury and Sports Rehabilitation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Province, China; 3Third People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fujian Province, China; 4Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Longyan First Hospital, Fujian Medical University,  Fujian Province, China
  • Received:2020-03-11 Revised:2020-03-16 Accepted:2020-05-13 Online:2021-01-28 Published:2020-11-16
  • Contact: Wang Xiangbin, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Bone Injury and Sports Rehabilitation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China; Third People’s Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
  • About author:Yang Fengjiao, Master candidate, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China; Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of Bone Injury and Sports Rehabilitation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian Province, China
  • Supported by:
     the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81774384; the Open Project of Fujian Rehabilitation Industry Research Institute, No. 2015Y2001-55; the Leading Project of Science and Technology Department of Fujian Province, No. 2017Y0046; the Management Project of Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. X2017020

摘要:

文题释义:
双任务步行:即在步行的同时进行另外一项需要占用认知资源的任务。
三维步态分析:又称量化步态分析或计算机辅助的步态分析。是遵循生物力学基本原理、人体解剖及生理学等条件下,运用计算机辅助技术和红外摄像技术,检测、记录人体步行时特定时相下的躯干与关节运动或是肌肉运动过程中的对地面作用力、关节力矩与关节做功、足底压力分布状态,胫骨相对股骨的运动以及步行活动过程中的氧气消耗程度等数据信息,通过与正常参考值范围进行比较以帮助确定异常关键因素和代偿变化,为临床诊断、决策、治疗及预后提供参考。

背景:双任务步行在日常生活中较为常见,且相对单任务更具挑战性,更有利于发现日常生活活动中潜在的步态异常,被广泛用来评估注意力分散时运动表现和步态控制的变化。
目的:应用三维步态分析系统比较健康青年和老年人在双任务步行时步态特征的差异,为预防老年人跌倒提供相关参考依据。
方法:青年组21例,年龄(24.57±2.27)岁,身高(1.64±0.08) m;老年组25例,年龄(62.72±2.39)岁,身高(1.60±0.07) m。两组受试者在进行平地步行任务的同时进行“100以内任意数字减1(倒数)”的计算任务。应用Motion Analysis三维运动分析系统及Visual 3D软件进行步态数据采集与分析,比较两组受试者执行双任务步行时步态时空参数及动力学参数的差异。 
结果与结论:①时空参数:老年组跨步长小于青年组[(1.14±0.09) m vs. (1.20±0.07) m,P < 0.05]、右侧步长小于青年组[(0.57±0.04) m vs. (0.60±0.04) m,P < 0.01];②动力学参数:老年组左侧髋外展肌力矩第二峰值高于青年组[(0.94±0.1) Nm/kg vs. (0.86±0.16) Nm/kg,P < 0.01]、左侧踝跖屈肌力矩低于青年组[(1.27±0.11) Nm/kg vs. (1.35±0.15) Nm/kg,P < 0.05]、左右两侧的踝外翻肌力矩皆低于青年组[(0.31±0.14) Nm/kg vs. (0.45±0.16) Nm/kg,P < 0.01;(0.38±0.15) Nm/kg vs. (0.51±0.14) Nm/kg,P < 0.01]。③结果提示:相对于青年人,老年人在双任务步行时,步行自动化能力较低;双任务步行主要影响老年人的髋踝关节,可能与双任务步行对老年人挑战较大有关,使之采取了相应的代偿模式以保持稳定;双任务下老年人的步态变化特征可以考虑为预防跌倒提供参考依据。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7576-0982(杨凤娇);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1293-8755(王芗斌) 

关键词: 双任务, 步态分析, 时空参数, 动力学参数, 青年人, 老年人

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Dual-task walking is more common in daily life, and more challenging than single-task walking. It is more conducive to find potential gait abnormalities in daily life activities. It is widely used to evaluate the changes in motor performance and gait control when attention is distracted.
OBJECTIVE: The three-dimensional gait analysis system was applied to compare the difference of gait characteristics under dual-task walking between healthy young people and elderly people so as to provide reference for preventing the elderly people from falling. 
METHODS: In the youth group, there were 21 cases aged (24.57±2.27) years old and with the height of (1.64±0.08) m. In the elderly group, there were 25 cases aged (62.72±2.39) years old and with the height of (1.60±0.07) m. The two groups of subjects performed the calculation task of “minus 1 (reciprocal) starting from any number within 100” during level walking. Motion Analysis system and Visual 3D software were applied to collect and analyze the gait data. The differences of gait spatiotemporal and kinetic parameters between the two groups were compared when performing dual-task walking.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Spatiotemporal parameters: Compared with youth group, both stride length [(1.14±0.09) m vs. (1.20±0.07) m, P < 0.05] and right step length [(0.57±0.04) m vs. (0.60±0.04) m,  P < 0.01] were smaller in the elderly group. (2) Kinetic parameters: Compared with the youth group, the left second peak hip abduction moment was higher [(0.94±0.1) Nm/kg vs. (0.86±0.16) Nm/kg,  P < 0.01]; the left ankle plantar flexor moment was lower [(1.27±0.11) Nm/kg vs. (1.35±0.15) Nm/kg,  P < 0.05]; and bilateral ankle valgus muscle moments were lower [(0.31±0.14) Nm/kg vs. (0.45±0.16) Nm/kg,  P < 0.01; (0.38±0.15) Nm/kg vs. (0.51±0.14) Nm/kg,  P < 0.01] in the elderly group. (3) These results suggest that the walking automation ability of the elderly group was lower than youth group during dual-task walking. Dual-task walking mainly affects the hip and ankle joints of the elderly, which may be related to the challenge of dual-task walking to the elderly so that they could adapt the corresponding compensatory mode to maintain stability. The characteristics of gait changes in the elderly under dual tasks can be considered as a reference for the prevention of falls.

Key words: dual task, gait analysis, spatiotemporal parameters, kinetic parameter, youth, elderly

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