中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (3): 339-343.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2936

• 骨与关节生物力学Bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

腰椎间盘疲劳损伤的生物力学特性

解志锋1，2，刘  清1，2，刘  冰1，2，张  涛1，2，李  琨3，张春秋1，2，孙艳芳1，2   

  1. 1天津市先进机电系统设计与智能控制重点实验室，天津市   300384；2机电工程国家级实验教学示范中心(天津理工大学)，天津市   300384；3天津理工大学电气电子工程学院，天津市   300384
  • 收稿日期:2020-01-23 修回日期:2020-02-13 接受日期:2020-04-03 出版日期:2021-01-28 发布日期:2020-11-16
  • 通讯作者: 李琨，博士，副教授，天津理工大学电气电子工程学院，天津市 300384 张春秋，博士，教授，天津理工大学天津市先进机电系统设计与智能控制重点实验室，天津市 300384；机电工程国家级实验教学示范中心(天津理工大学)，天津市 300384
  • 作者简介:解志锋，男，1995年生，安徽省宿州市人，汉族，天津理工大学本科在读，主要从事生物力学方向的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目(11802207)；天津市自然科学基金青年项目(17JCQNJC14200)

Biomechanical characteristics of the lumbar disc after fatigue injury

Xie Zhifeng1, 2, Liu Qing1, 2, Liu Bing1, 2, Zhang Tao1, 2, Li Kun3, Zhang Chunqiu1, 2, Sun Yanfang1, 2   

  1. 1Tianjin Advanced Mechanical and Electrical System Design and Intelligent Control Key Laboratory, Tianjin 300384, China; 2National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin 300384, China; 3School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
  • Received:2020-01-23 Revised:2020-02-13 Accepted:2020-04-03 Online:2021-01-28 Published:2020-11-16
  • Contact: Li Kun, MD, Associate professor, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China Zhang Chunqiu, MD, Professor, Tianjin Advanced Mechanical and Electrical System Design and Intelligent Control Key Laboratory, Tianjin 300384, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin 300384, China
  • About author:Xie Zhifeng, Tianjin Advanced Mechanical and Electrical System Design and Intelligent Control Key Laboratory, Tianjin 300384, China; National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering (Tianjin University of Technology), Tianjin 300384, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation (Youth Program) of China, No. 11802207; the Natural Science Foundation (Youth Program) of Tianjin, No. 17JCQNJC14200

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摘要：

文题释义：
率相关：塑性应变的大小可能是加载速度快慢的函数，如果材料响应和载荷速率或变形速率无关，称材料为率无关，相反，与应变速率有关的塑性叫作率相关的塑性。
数字图像相关(DIC)技术：是一种利用视觉技术跟踪物体表面图像子区域的运动形态，推算物体变形的非接触的光学变形测量方法。DIC技术基于变形前后图像之间的相关性实现试件表面位移的测量，经计算可得到位移场、应变场，适用于生物软、硬组织材料的力学性能测试。

背景：腰椎间盘突出症在临床上十分常见，其病理基础是腰椎间盘退变。长期力学负荷被认为是导致腰椎间盘突出的重要原因，由于腰椎间盘突出的发生与其力学状态有着密切关系，因此有必要深入研究腰椎间盘内的应力、应变行为，从而为预防腰椎间盘突出提出启示。
目的：探讨疲劳损伤对于腰椎间盘整体及其内部不同区域力学性能变化规律的影响。
方法：使用刚宰杀的羊腰椎间盘，将其处理后取L1-L2，L3-L4，L5-L6运动节段制作实验样本。通过上下椎骨将实验样本固定在实验平台上，进行准静态压缩-循环加载压缩-准静态压缩实验。取L3-L4运动节段平行于矢状面切开，使用非接触式数字图像相关技术记录准静态压缩过程中腰椎间盘的内部形变。
结果与结论：①研究结果表明，所有腰椎间盘均呈现非线性的载荷-位移、应力-应变特性曲线；②疲劳载荷的影响：疲劳加载之后，腰椎间盘的杨氏模量明显增加；③节段变化的影响：腰椎间盘杨氏模量随着节段变化而变化，且呈现如下变化规律：L5-L6<L3-L4 <L1-L2节段；④加载速率的影响：对压缩速率为0.01 mm/s和0.1 mm/s状态下力学性能进行比较可知，随着准静态压缩速率的增加，腰椎间盘的杨氏模量明显增加；⑤内部位移分布：疲劳加载对于垂直压缩下腰椎间盘内部位移分布有显著影响；疲劳加载之前，背侧纤维环上层轴向位移最大，内层径向位移略小于外层；疲劳加载之后，背侧纤维环上层轴向位移最小，内层径向位移明显小于外层；⑥此次研究工作对于日常生活中预防腰椎间盘突出具有重要的理论指导意义。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7285 (解志锋)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：人工关节；骨植入物；脊柱；骨折；内固定；数字化骨科；组织工程

关键词: 骨, 腰椎, 腰椎间盘突出, 疲劳, 纤维环, 垂直压缩, 数字图像

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Lumbar disc herniation is a common clinical disease, and its pathological basis is disc degeneration. Long-term mechanical load is considered to be an important cause of lumbar disc degeneration. Because the occurrence of lumbar disc herniation is strongly associated with its mechanical state, it is necessary to further study the stress/strain behavior in the lumbar disc to provide inspiration for preventing lumbar disc herniation.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of fatigue loading on mechanical properties of the whole and different regions of the intervertebral disc.
METHODS: The freshly slaughtered sheep lumbar intervertebral discs L1-L2, L3-L4, and L5-L6 were obtained and made into experimental samples. The experimental samples were fixed on the experimental platform through the upper and lower vertebrae, and a quasi-static compression-cyclic loading compression-quasi-static compression experiment was performed. The L3-L4 motion segment was cut parallel to the sagittal plane, and the non-contact digital image correlation technique was used to record the internal deformation of the lumbar disc during compression. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The results showed that all lumbar intervertebral discs exhibited non-linear load-displacement and stress-strain characteristics. (2) Effect of fatigue loading: The Young’s modulus of the lumbar intervertebral disc increased significantly after fatigue loading. (3) Impact of segment changes: The Young’s modulus changed with segment changes as follows: L5-L6 segments < L3-L4 segments < L1-L2 segments. (3) Effect of loading rate: Comparing the mechanical properties under the compression rate of 0.01 mm/s and 0.1 mm/s, it could be seen that with the increase of the compression rate, the Young’s modulus of the intervertebral disc increased significantly. (5) Internal displacement distribution: Fatigue loading had a significant effect on the internal displacement distribution of the lumbar disc under compression. Before fatigue loading, the axial displacement in upper afferent fiber was largest, and the radial displacement in inner afferent fiber was slightly smaller than that in outer afferent fiber. After fatigue loading, the axial displacement in upper afferent fiber was smallest, and the radial displacement in inner afferent fiber was significantly smaller than in outer afferent fiber. (6) The research work in this article has important theoretical guiding significance for preventing lumbar disc herniation in daily life. 

Key words: bone, lumbar spine, lumbar disc herniation, fatigue, annulus fibrosus, vertical compression, digital image

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