中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (9): 1410-1416.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3752

• 骨科植入物Orthopedic implants • 上一篇    下一篇

65岁以下嵌插型股骨颈骨折初始畸形程度对颈缩短的影响

杜秀鹏,杨朝晖   

  1. 山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市   030001
  • 收稿日期:2020-04-03 修回日期:2020-04-10 接受日期:2020-05-13 出版日期:2021-03-28 发布日期:2020-12-16
  • 通讯作者: 杨朝晖,博士,主任医师,山西医科大学第二医院骨科,山西省太原市 030001
  • 作者简介:杜秀鹏,男,1993年生,山西省阳曲县人,汉族,山西医科大学在读硕士,医师,主要从事骨科创伤方面的研究。

Effect of degree of initial deformity of impacted femoral neck fractures under 65 years of age on femoral neck shortening

Du Xiupeng, Yang Zhaohui   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2020-04-03 Revised:2020-04-10 Accepted:2020-05-13 Online:2021-03-28 Published:2020-12-16
  • Contact: Yang Zhaohui, MD, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Du Xiupeng, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Orthopedics, the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
嵌插型股骨颈骨折:属于GardenⅠ型稳定性骨折,骨折颈部外侧皮质嵌插到股骨头的致密松质骨部分,股骨头轻度外翻,与移位性股骨颈骨折相比,无短缩或者短缩很小,患肢倾向于中立位,可能无明显疼痛、肿胀、畸形等临床症状,甚至某些患者可以保持一定的肢体活动能力,并且无臀部疼痛。
Logistic回归:又称Logistic回归分析,是一种广义的线性回归分析模型,常用于数据挖掘、疾病自动诊断及经济预测等领域,如探讨引发疾病的危险因素,并根据危险因素预测疾病发生的概率等。自变量可以包括很多并且可以是连续的,也可以是分类的。然后通过Logistic回归分析,可以得到自变量的权重,从而可以大致了解到底哪些因素是疾病的危险因素,同时可以根据危险因素预测疾病发生的可能性。

背景:非手术治疗嵌插型股骨颈骨折是目前很少使用的一种策略,空心螺钉内固定是嵌插型股骨颈骨折的主要治疗方式。目前为止对嵌插型股骨颈骨折的研究主要集中在治疗方式与影响内固定失败的危险因素上,但嵌插型股骨颈骨折初始的畸形程度对术后股骨颈短缩影响的相关研究未见报道。
目的:分析65岁以下嵌插型股骨颈骨折患者空心螺钉固定后股骨颈的短缩程度与初始畸形的关系,以及颈短缩对髋关节功能的影响。
方法:纳入病历资料完整的嵌插型股骨颈骨折患者53例,均予以3枚空心螺钉内固定治疗。随访12-24个月,应用髋关节Harris评分评估患者功能恢复情况;治疗前对患者进行骨盆正位、髋关节侧位X射线检查,测量患侧股骨头后倾角、外翻角、Pauwels角;末次随访拍摄骨盆正位X射线片,计算关节-股骨转子间距指数下降百分比(代表股骨颈短缩程度),≥30%为明显短缩,<30%为不明显短缩,分析颈短缩的相关因素及对髋关节功能的影响。
结果与结论:①53例患者全部骨愈合,无股骨头坏死等不良事件发生,其中有7例(13.2%)发生明显颈短缩;②独立样本t 检验发现颈短缩与外翻角(P=0.000)、后倾角(P=0.001)、体质量指数(P=0.001)相关;Logistic回归分析发现外翻角是颈短缩的显著预测因子(P=0.041); ③随着股骨颈短缩的增加,髋关节Harris评分降低,明显短缩组与不明显短缩组的髋关节Harris评分分别为(82.57±5.12)分和(94.15±4.03)分,差异有显著性意义;④提示外翻程度是嵌插型股骨颈骨折颈缩短的显著预测因子,并且股骨颈短缩与髋关节功能相关。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2995-3430 (杜秀鹏)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 骨, 股骨, 嵌插型, 股骨颈骨折, 内固定, 颈短缩, 外翻

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Non-surgical treatment for impacted femoral neck fractures is a strategy rarely used at present. Hollow screw internal fixation is the main treatment for impacted femoral neck fractures. Studies on impacted femoral neck fractures so far have focused on treatment patterns and risk factors affecting internal fixation failure, but the effect of initial degree of deformity of impacted femoral neck fractures on postoperative femoral neck shortening was not studied.    
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between the degree of shortening and initial deformity of impacted femoral neck fractures after hollow screw fixation in patients under 65 years of age and the effect of femoral neck shortening on hip function.  
METHODS: Fifty-three impacted femoral neck fractures patients with complete medical records were included, and treated with three hollow screws for internal fixation. The patients were followed up for 12-24 months. Hip Harris score was used to evaluate the recovery of function. The posterior inclination angle, valgus angle, and Pauwels angle of the affected femoral head were measured by X-ray examination of pelvis and hip joint before treatment. X-ray films of pelvis were taken at the last follow-up to calculate the percentage of joint-coarsal distance decrease representing the degree of femoral neck shortening. Not less than 30% is significantly shortened (SFNS) and less than 30% is not significantly shortened (NSFNS). The related factors of neck shortening and the effect on hip function were analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) All 53 patients healed without adverse events such as femoral head necrosis. Seven cases (13.2%) had obvious neck shortening. (2) Independent-sample t-test found that neck shortening was associated with valgus angle (P=0.000), posterior dip angle (P=0.001) and body mass index (P=0.001). Logistic regression analysis found that valgus angle was a significant predictor of neck shortening (P=0.041). (3) The hip Harris score decreased with the increase of femoral neck shortening. The hip Harris scores were (82.57±5.12) and (94.15±4.03) in the SFNS group and NSFNS group, respectively, with significant difference. (4) It is indicated that the degree of valgus deformity is an independent risk factor for neck shortening in impacted femoral neck fractures, and femoral neck shortening is associated with hip function. 

Key words: bone, femur, impacted, femoral neck fracture, internal fixation, neck shortening, valgus

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