中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (10): 1477-1481.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.3030

• 组织工程骨材料Tissue-engineered bone •    下一篇

股骨假体材料对人工膝关节置换性能的影响

贾  巍1,张满栋1,陈维毅2,王晨艳2,郭  媛2   

  1. 太原理工大学,1机械与运载工程学院,2生物医学工程学院,山西省太原市   030024
  • 收稿日期:2020-03-07 修回日期:2020-03-12 接受日期:2020-04-14 出版日期:2021-04-08 发布日期:2020-12-17
  • 通讯作者: 陈维毅,博士,博士生导师,太原理工大学生物医学工程学院,山西省太原市 030024
  • 作者简介:贾巍,男,1994年生,山西省晋中市人,汉族,太原理工大学在读硕士,主要从事先进制造技术研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(11772214)

Effects of femoral prosthetic materials on artificial knee arthroplasty performance

Jia Wei1, Zhang Mandong1, Chen Weiyi2, Wang Chenyan2, Guo Yuan2    

  1. 1College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, 2College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2020-03-07 Revised:2020-03-12 Accepted:2020-04-14 Online:2021-04-08 Published:2020-12-17
  • Contact: Chen Weiyi, MD, Doctoral supervisor, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Jia Wei, Master candidate, College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program), No.11772214 (to GY)

摘要:

文题释义:
功能梯度生物材料:指2种或多种材料的成分随着结构尺寸连续变化的一种新型材料,其组分一种采用了具有生物活性的材料,使得假体植入物在体内具有良好的生物相容性;另一种是性能较好的金属材料,从种植体界面良好的生物相容性和活性到关节表面良好的耐磨性渐变,且材料内部也具有极好的强度和韧性,拥有自然骨组织材料属性在内部连续变化的特点。
无菌松动:膝关节假体组件和人体骨骼之间过度的相对运动,两者之间距离变大的现象。

背景:股骨假体无菌松动是影响膝关节置换后寿命的重要问题之一,高分子聚乙烯衬垫磨损产生的颗粒和应力遮挡是引起这种松动的主要原因,均与股骨假体材料有关。
目的:采用有限元法分析股骨假体材料对膝关节股骨远端应力和胫骨衬垫上接触压力的影响,
方法:利用Abaqus有限元软件分别建立钛合金、钴铬合金、钛-羟基磷灰石功能梯度生物材料(FGBM Ⅰ)、钛-生物活性玻璃功能梯度生物材料(FGBM Ⅱ)4种材料的膝关节置换模型,赋予假体不同材料属性,研究股骨假体在不同材料下股骨中重要易损路径的应力分布情况和胫骨衬垫上的接触压力变化。
结果与结论:①与钛合金和钴铬合金相比,功能梯度生物材料(FGBM)可明显增大股骨-假体界面处应力和股骨重要易损区域路径中的应力,其中以FGBM Ⅰ增加最显著;②接触压力云图显示,FGBM Ⅰ、FGBM Ⅱ假体在聚乙烯衬垫的最大应力比钴铬合金假体分别降低了20.41%和19.98%,比钛合金假体分别降低了20.07%和19.63%;③结果表明,功能梯度生物材料可在股骨远端产生更高的应力,同时在聚乙烯衬垫上产生更小的接触压力,减少应力遮挡和聚乙烯衬垫磨损,且FGBM Ⅰ功能梯度材料效果显著。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0231-2142 (贾巍) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: , 假体, 3D, 生物材料, 有限元, 膝关节, 无菌松动, 接触压力, 股骨假体

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Aseptic loosening of the femoral prosthesis is one of the important issues affecting the life of knee joint replacement. Particles from tibial polyethylene component wear and stress shielding are the main causes of this loosening, which are all related to the femoral prosthesis materials.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of femoral prosthesis materials on the stress of the distal femur of the knee joint and the contact pressure on the polyethylene component by finite element method.
METHODS: Knee arthroplasty models with four materials, titanium alloy, cobalt-chromium alloy, titanium-hydroxyapatite functional gradient biomaterial (FGBM I), titanium-bioactive glass functional gradient biomaterial (FGBM II), were established; the prosthesis was endowed with different material properties in the Abaqus finite element software. The stress distribution of the important vulnerable path in the femur and the changes of contact pressure on the polyethylene component under different materials were studied.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with the currently used titanium alloy and cobalt-chromium alloy, functional gradient biomaterials could significantly increase the stress at the femoral-prosthetic interface and the stress in the pathway of an important vulnerable region of the femur. In those materials, FGBM I increased most significantly. (2) Maximum stress of FGBM I and FGBM II prostheses on polyethylene insert was 20.41% and 19.98% lower than cobalt-chromium alloy, 20.07% and 19.63% lower than titanium alloy. (3) The results showed that functionally gradient biomaterials could produce higher stress at the distal end of the femur and lower contact pressure on the polyethylene insert, reducing the wear and stress shield on polyethylene insert, and FGBM I has significant effects. 

Key words: bone, prosthesis, 3D, biomaterials, finite element, knee joint, aseptic loosening, contact pressure,  femoral prosthesis

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