中国组织工程研究 ›› 2016, Vol. 20 ›› Issue (22): 3219-3226.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.22.004

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

人工全膝关节置换后是否放置引流管:随机对照试验

任国清1,刘红云2,滕学仁3,张海宁4,卢 菁2   

  1. 1青岛大学附属青岛市市立医院,山东省青岛市 266000;2青岛市市立医院,山东省青岛市 266000;3青岛市市立医院骨关节与运动医学科,山东省青岛市 266000;4青岛大学附属医院关节外科,山东省青岛市 266000
  • 修回日期:2016-04-19 出版日期:2016-05-27 发布日期:2016-05-27
  • 通讯作者: 卢菁,主管护师,青岛市市立医院手术室,山东省青岛市 266000
  • 作者简介:任国清,男,1988年生,山东省邹城市人,汉族,青岛大学在读硕士,主要从事骨关节疾病及运动医学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金(81171774)

Effects of drainage versus nondrainage after total knee arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial

Ren Guo-qing1, Liu Hong-yun2, Teng Xue-ren3, Zhang Hai-ning4, Lu Jing2   

  1. 1Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China; 2Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China; 3Department of Bone Joint and Sports Medicine, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China; 4Department of Joint Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • Revised:2016-04-19 Online:2016-05-27 Published:2016-05-27
  • Contact: Lu Jing, Nurse-in-charge, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Ren Guo-qing, Studying for master’s degree, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:

    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81171774

摘要:

文章快速阅读: 

 
 
 
 
文题释义:
引流:外科中引流是指针对积存于体腔内、关节内、器官或组织的液体引离原处和排出体外,以防止在体腔或手术野内蓄积,继发压迫症状、感染或组织损害等,可分为内引流和外引流。引流管是引流最常用的媒介之一,有学者认为外科手术后放置引流可减少血肿形成及减轻切口压力。但也有学者认为放置引流会增加感染机会,影响伤口愈合,甚至产生其他并发症。因此对于外科术后放置引流与否目前意见尚不统一。
全膝关节置换引流:既往学者认为,人工全膝关节置换后关节腔内放置引流管对减少切口附近血肿的形成,减轻切口张力,降低感染风险等有积极意义。但近年来随着人工全膝关节置换技术的进步、术后快速康复的提出、血源的紧张,不断有学者开始尝试人工全膝关节置换后不放置引流管,并发现不放置引流管可以减少术后失血、降低输血率。在并发症方面,也有研究证实人工关节置换后放与不放引流管,对切口附近血肿形成、感染及其他并发症的发生率无明显影响。
 
摘要
背景:人工全膝关节置换作为膝骨关节炎晚期患者缓解疼痛、重建膝关节功能的最终修复方案,已被人们普遍接受。但置换后放置引流管与否一直存在很大争议。
目的:比较初次单侧人工全膝关节置换后膝关节腔内放置引流管与否的修复效果差异。 
方法:选择行初次单侧人工全膝关节置换的患者102例为研究对象,随机分为2组。引流组在关闭切口前放置引流管,非引流组则直接关闭切口不放置引流管。分别记录2组置换前及置换后1,3,7 d血红蛋白及红细胞压积值,计算总失血量,评估失血情况;观测患肢置换后疼痛目测类比评分、肿胀程度、皮肤瘀斑面积、感染以及下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症;记录置换后1年时美国膝关节协会评分。对2组患者的观测指标进行对比分析。 
结果与结论:①置换后引流组总失血量及异体血输血率显著高于非引流组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);②置换后2组患者患膝目测类比疼痛评分、肿胀程度、皮肤瘀斑面积、感染以及下肢深静脉血栓发生率差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);③美国膝关节协会评分2组差异未见显著性意义(P > 0.05);④结果表明,人工全膝关节置换后膝关节腔内不放置引流管将降低患者置换后的失血量及异体输血率,并不增加置换后肢体肿胀程度及皮肤瘀斑面积。在感染、下肢深静脉血栓发生率及膝关节功能方面放
与不放置引流管亦无差异。故全膝关节置换后关节腔内不放置引流管相对安全,并无明显不良后果。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

ORCID: 0000-0001-7272-4823(任国清)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 引流, 人工全膝关节置换, 失血, 并发症, 功能评分, 随机对照试验, 国家自然科学基金

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Total knee arthroplasty had been generally accepted as the final treatment plan, relieving pain and reconstructing function of knee joint. However, whether drainage tube can be used after replacement is still controversial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effects of drainage versus nondrainage after primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: Total 102 patients undergoing primary unilateral total knee arthroplasty were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the drainage groiup, a drainage tube was used. In the nondrainage group, drainage tube was not used. Total blood loss was calculated by recording the hemoglobin and hematocrit before operation and that after 1, 3, 7 days of operation. The pain visual analogue scale scores, arthrocele, ecchymosis, infection rate, and deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity were examined and analyzed postoperatively. Knee Society Scores were recorded at 1 year postoperatively. Above indexes were compared between the two groups. 

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Total blood loss and blood transfusion rate were significantly higher in the drainage group than in the nondrainage group (P < 0.05). (2) There was no statistically significant difference in the pain visual analogue scale scores, arthrocele, ecchymosis, infection rate, and deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity between the two groups after replacement (P > 0.05). (3) No significant difference in Knee Society Scores was detected between the two groups (P > 0.05). (4) Results indicated that the total blood loss and blood transfusion rate may decrease significantly in patients without wound drainage after total knee arthroplasty. Limb swelling and ecchymosis area were not increased. No significant difference in infection, deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity and knee function was detectable between the two groups. Thus, total knee arthroplasty without wound drainage is safe and does not have obvious adverse consequences.


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Drainage, Blood Loss, Surgical, Tissue Engineering

中图分类号: