中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (8): 1306-1312.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0153

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    

着地动作中人体下肢的刚度作用

解浩东1,2,罗  炯1,2   

  1. 1西南大学体育学院,国家体育总局体质评价与运动机能监控重点实验室,重庆市  400715;2西南大学运动康复研究所,重庆市  400715
  • 收稿日期:2017-11-09 出版日期:2018-03-18 发布日期:2018-03-18
  • 通讯作者: 罗炯,博士,教授,硕士生导师,西南大学体育学院,国家体育总局体质评价与运动机能监控重点实验室,重庆市 400715;西南大学运动康复研究所,重庆市 400715
  • 作者简介:解浩东,男,1990年生,山西省平陆县人,汉族,西南大学在读硕士,助教,主要体适能与全民健身的研究。
  • 基金资助:

    重庆市体育局2015奥运争光重点项目(A201502)

Stiffness of the lower extremities during landing

Xie Hao-dong1, 2, Luo Jiong1, 2   

  1. 1College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitor, Chongqing 400715, China; 2Institute for Sports Rehabilitation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • Received:2017-11-09 Online:2018-03-18 Published:2018-03-18
  • Contact: Luo Jiong, Ph.D., Professor, Master’s supervisor, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitor, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute for Sport Rehabilitation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • About author:Xie Hao-dong, Master candidate, Teaching assistant, College of Physical Education, Southwest University, Key Laboratory of Physical Fitness Evaluation and Motor Function Monitor, Chongqing 400715, China; Institute for Sport Rehabilitation, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
  • Supported by:

    the Key Program for Olympic Glory of Administration of Sport of Chongqing in 2015, No. A201502

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

文题释义:
弹簧质量模型:人体骨骼肌肉系统的组成具有弹性特征,故多数生物力学家提出下肢刚度可视为肌纤维、肌腱、韧带、骨骼等具弹性的组织所结合的总体刚度,从而将身体整个肌肉的活动整合在一起,如一个简单的线性弹簧,而质点的质量即为生物体的质量,此弹簧的弹性系数便为腿刚度(leg stiffness)。此弹簧质量模型便是借由骨骼肌肉机制的类弹簧特性并以虎克定律(Hooke’s law) 的概念发展出一种简单线性弹簧模型。
刚度调节:人体在不同软硬表面上着地,质地越软,人体下肢劲度越高,且软地会延缓撞击力峰值的出现,故下肢劲度的调节是人体对运动型态与环境变化做出的动态反应,其目的在于维持运动的稳定状态并避免伤害。伴随着着地动作后紧接着往另一运动方向的移动,如跳跃或移位,这个着地后连接后续动作的时间点往往正是伤害发生频率最高的关键时刻。
摘要
背景
:研究发现,下坡跑能引起支撑腿刚度的显著改变,从而影响到支撑腿压力中心移动的幅度和速度。若刚度无法有效地调整运动状态所产生的冲击与影响,势必降低运动表现甚至引发运动伤害。
目的:了解刚度作为探讨人体运动特征的力学参数,以评估肌肉骨骼系统所产生的刚度调控机制。
方法:检索美国《医学索引》(Medline)和中国期刊全文数据库,与Landing,spring-mass model,stiffness,human body movement;着地动作,弹簧质量模型,刚度,人体运动等检索词相关文献。借文献回顾的方式,从人体刚度模型、动作刚度评估及人体动作刚度的作用及影响因素等方面进行全面综述,以揭示人体运动刚度效应及其研究价值。
结果与结论:①人体与地面产生互动时,可视信息不同,神经肌肉系统会产生协调控制以安排适当的下肢肌肉活动,肌肉刚度调节便是此互动过程中协调控制的一项指标;②人体动作刚度受运动环境、工作条件及个体因素的影响,改变运动过程的动力学及运动学参数,可以对刚度效应进行调控;③适度地调控刚度可以提升人体动作技能表现,并能避免伤害发生与降低伤害的严重性;④跑跳是人体不可或缺的技术动作,而起跳则是跳跃动作中的关键环节,起跳动作刚度调控配合运动技术的需求可改变运动表现;⑤分析结果表明,垂直刚度与腿刚度会随着人体动作形态不同而改变,髋、膝、踝各关节刚度也会发生相应变化,透过弹簧质量模型探讨动作过程中下肢刚度特性有益于了解人体运动表现及预防伤害的发生。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程
ORCID: 0000-0003-2878-8920(解浩东)

关键词: 着地动作, 弹簧质量模型, 刚度, 人体运动, 组织构建

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Downhill running has been found to cause a significant change in the stiffness of the support leg, thus affecting the magnitude and speed of the center of pressure travel. If the stiffness cannot effectively adjust the impact of exercise, sport performance will be weakened and even induce sport injuries.
OBJECTIVE: To understand the stiffness to be as the mechanical parameters of human movement, and to assess the mechanisms underlying musculoskeletal system regulating stiffness.
METHODS: Medline and CNKI databases were retrieved for relevant articles using the keywords of “landing, spring-mass model, stiffness, human body movement” in English and Chinese, respectively. The stiffness model, stiffness assessment, as well as the role of stiffness during human movement and its influencing factors were reviewed, thereby revealing the significance of stiffness during human movement.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When the human body interacts with the ground, the visual information is different, and the neuromuscular system generates coordinated control to arrange appropriate muscle activity of the lower extremities, such as stiffness regulation. The movement settings, working condition, and individual factors all make effects on the stiffness during human movement, and the stiffness efficacy can be controlled by changing the dynamic and kinematic parameters during movement. Appropriate adjustment of the stiffness can promote the human movement performance, and avoid or reduce sport injuries. Running and jumping are the indispensable movements, and taking off is the key step during jumping action, and the stiffness control during taking off action combined with sports skills can improve the sport performance. These results indicate that the vertical stiffness and leg stiffness will be changed with the human actions, accompanied with changes in the stiffness of hip, knee, and ankle joints. In addition, the spring-mass model is helpful for understanding the movement performance and preventing exercise injuries.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

Key words: Muscles, Skeleton, Manikins, Sports Medicine, Tissue Engineering

中图分类号: