中国组织工程研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (3): 350-355.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.0029

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

氨甲环酸两种用药途径减少单侧全膝关节置换后出血的比较

陈冠宏1,秦 磊1,黄 辉2,王 展2,马佳超2,许 营2,翟喜成1   

  1. 1单县中心医院,山东省单县 274300;2青岛大学附属医院,山东省青岛市 266000
  • 出版日期:2018-01-28 发布日期:2018-01-28
  • 通讯作者: 翟喜成,硕士,主任医师,单县中心医院,山东省单县 274300
  • 作者简介:陈冠宏,男,1987年生,山东省单县人,汉族,2017年青岛大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事骨与关节外科方面的研究。

Intravenous versus articular injection of tranexamic acid for reducing hemorrhage after unilateral total knee arthroplasty

Chen Guan-hong1, Qin Lei1, Huang Hui2, Wang Zhan2, Ma Jia-chao2, Xu Ying2, Zhai Xi-cheng1   

  1. 1Shanxian Central Hospital, Shanxian 274300, Shandong Province, China; 2the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, Shandong Province, China
  • Online:2018-01-28 Published:2018-01-28
  • Contact: Zhai Xi-cheng, Master, Chief physician, Shanxian Central Hospital, Shanxian 274300, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Chen Guan-hong, Master, Physician, Shanxian Central Hospital, Shanxian 274300, Shandong Province, China

摘要:

文章快速阅读:

 

 

文题释义:
PS后方稳定假体:主要通过胫骨假体上的中央立柱和股骨假体横杆之间的相互作用来发挥后交叉韧带的替代作用,股骨假体、平台由钴铬钼合金构成,垫片完全由超高分子聚乙烯构成。假体采用骨水泥固定,胫骨部分采用双髁槽行设计来尽量与股骨假体内外侧髁吻合,垫片设计本身带有后倾角,来模拟胫骨假体解剖后倾,这种后倾设计通过在高屈膝位时去除胫骨后髁的影响来增加膝关节屈曲度,并在整个屈膝过程中通过拮抗向后脱位倾向来增加膝关节的稳定性。
氨甲环酸:作为一种人工合成的抗纤溶药物,是赖氨酸合成的衍生物,作用机制为氨甲环酸能与纤溶酶和纤溶酶原上的纤维蛋白亲和部位的赖氨酸结合部位(LBS)强烈吸附,阻抑了纤溶酶、纤溶酶原与纤维蛋白结合,从而强烈地抑制了由纤溶酶所致纤维蛋白分解;另外,在血清中巨球蛋白等抗纤溶酶的存在下,氨甲环酸抗纤溶作用更加明显,从而达到减少术中、术后出血和局部止血的目的。但是氨甲环酸存在多种给药途径,最佳的给药方式仍存在争议。
 
摘要
背景:膝关节围手术期失血一直是困扰关节外科医生的常见问题,氨甲环酸减少术后出血的作用日益受到重视,但对于选用何种用药途径仍存在争议。
目的:探讨氨甲环酸静脉给药及关节腔注射两种给药途径对降低全膝关节置换术中、术后失血量的影响。
方法:选择60 例拟行初次单侧全膝关节置换的患者,以分层随机分组法分成 3 组:A 组(n=20):不应用氨甲环酸;B 组(n=20):应用止血带前缓慢静滴15 mg/kg氨甲环酸,术后3 h再给予10 mg/kg氨甲环酸;C 组(n=20):封闭关节腔后经引流管注入稀释在50 mL生理盐水中的1 g氨甲环酸。3组均在术后夹闭引流管2 h。记录各组置换后显性失血量、隐性失血量、输血率,同时观察是否有肺栓塞及下肢深静脉血栓发生。
结果与结论:①B、C组患者同A组相比,显性失血量和隐性失血量均明显减少,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);B 组与 C 组在显性失血量方面差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),在隐性失血量方面 B 组显著小于 C 组(P < 0.05);②B 组及 C 组患者输血人数明显小于 A 组,差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05);③3组患者置换后 3 个月随访未发现下肢深静脉血栓形成、肺栓塞的发生;④结果表明,氨甲环酸能明显减少初次单侧全膝关节置换的围手术期失血量及输血率,不增加下肢深静脉血栓形成、肺栓塞的风险,且静脉给药效果更好。

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程
ORCID:0000-0001-9545-8214(陈冠宏)

关键词: 骨科植入物, 人工假体, 氨甲环酸, 全膝关节置换, 出血量, 用药途径, 隐性失血量, 肿栓塞, 下肢深静脉血栓

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: The perioperative hemorrhage of knee surgeries is a difficulty in clinic, and the efficacy of tranexamic acid to reduce postoperative bleeding has attracted more attention, but choosing which administrations remains controversial.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the efficacy of tranexamic acid by intravenous injection or articular injection for reducing the perioperative hemorrhage of total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: Sixty patients undergoing unilateral total knee replacement were enrolled, and were then randomized into three groups (n=20 per group): no tranexamic acid administration (group A); intravenous dropping of 15 mg/kg tranexamic acid before tourniquet application plus 10 mg/kg tranexamic acid at 3 hours postoperatively (group B); articular injection of 50 mL saline diluted with 1 g tranexamic acid through a drainage tube (group C). Two-hour closure of drainage tube was performed in all patients. The postoperative dominant and hidden blood loss, blood transfusion rate, pulmonary embolism as well as lower extremity deep venous thrombosis were recorded.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The dominant and hidden blood loss in the groups B and C were significantly less than those in the group A (P < 0.05); the dominant blood loss showed no significant difference between groups B and C (P > 0.05); the group B exhibited a significantly less hidden blood loss compared with group C (P < 0.05). (2) The blood transfusion rate in the groups B and C was significantly lower than that in the group A (P < 0.05). (3) No pulmonary embolism or lower extremity deep venous embolism occurred during 3-month follow-up. (4) That is to say, tranexamic acid can obviously reduce perioperative blood loss and blood transfusion rate without pulmonary embolism or lower extremity deep venous thrombosis, and intravenous administration exerts better clinical effectiveness. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

Key words: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Tranexamic Acid, Prosthesis Implantation, Hemorrhage, Tissue Engineering

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