中国组织工程研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (21): 3313-3318.doi: 10.12307/2024.085

• 骨与关节生物力学 bone and joint biomechanics • 上一篇    下一篇

髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折的有限元分析

杨芳军,王富洋,苏  云,王永泽,杨存恒,王铁男   

  1. 大连大学附属中山医院骨科,辽宁省大连市   116001
  • 收稿日期:2023-04-18 接受日期:2023-06-05 出版日期:2024-07-28 发布日期:2023-09-27
  • 通讯作者: 王铁男,教授,主任医师,大连大学附属中山医院,辽宁省大连市 116001
  • 作者简介:杨芳军,男,1994年生,甘肃省陇南市人,汉族,大连大学在读硕士,主要从事骨创伤方面研究。

Finite element analysis of intramedullary nail and locking plate fixation for proximal humeral fractures

Yang Fangjun, Wang Fuyang, Su Yun, Wang Yongze, Yang Cunheng, Wang Tienan   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2023-04-18 Accepted:2023-06-05 Online:2024-07-28 Published:2023-09-27
  • Contact: Wang Tienan, Professor, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Yang Fangjun, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Dalian University, Dalian 116001, Liaoning Province, China

摘要:


文题释义:

肱骨近端骨折:指发生在肱骨外科颈远端1.0-2.0 cm至肱骨头关节面范围内的骨折。临床主要应用Neer分型,依据肱骨近端4个解剖部分(关节部分、大结节、小结节和肱骨干)的相对角度及相对位移进行分型。当各部分位移≥1 cm或角度≥45°时,骨折被定义为移位性骨折(二部分、三部分或四部分骨折),未达到上述标准即为一部分骨折。
有限元分析:是将复杂的几何体划分为简单几何形状,通过预测其应力和应变可以计算出代表几何形状模型的力-位移方程,然后将其组装到整个结构中,从而将实际、复杂的几何体进行简化、理想化,进而分析求解。


背景:髓内钉及锁定钢板治疗肱骨近端骨折在临床中应用广泛,但其内固定方式选择尚未达成共识。

目的:通过有限元分析比较髓内钉与锁定钢板治疗两部分及三部分肱骨近端骨折的生物力学稳定性。
方法收集1名志愿者肱骨CT数据,导入Minics 21.0、Geomagic Wrap、SoildWork 2017及Abaqus 2021中,建立两种内固定方式治疗两部分及三部分骨折的有限元模型,分别为A组(髓内钉固定两部分骨折)、B组(锁定钢板固定两部分骨折)、C组(髓内钉固定三部分骨折)、D组(锁定钢板固定三部分骨折),对比分析肱骨及内固定物的应力分布、位移程度及其最大值。

结果与结论:①A组模型中肱骨的最大应力及最大位移值最小,D组模型中肱骨的最大应力及最大位移值最大,锁定钢板组应力主要集中在肱骨头内侧下方及螺钉孔区域,而髓内钉组应力主要集中在骨折线周围及肱骨外科颈外侧下方区域,两者位移分布无明显差异,主要集中在肱骨远端;②A组模型中髓内钉的最大应力值最小,D组模型中锁定钢板的最大应力值最大,两种内固定的最大应力均主要集中在肱骨距螺钉及与内固定连接处,锁定钢板的应力云图分布集中,而髓内钉的应力云图分布更均匀;③结果显示,相比于锁定钢板,髓内钉更具有生物力学优势,这种优势在三部分骨折中更明显。

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3001-1528 (杨芳军) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 肱骨近端骨折, Neer分型, 髓内钉, 锁定钢板, 生物力学, 有限元分析

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Intramedullary nails and locking plates are widely used in the treatment of proximal humeral fractures, but there is no consensus on the choice of internal fixation. 
OBJECTIVE: To compare the biomechanical stability of intramedullary nails and locking plates in the treatment of two-part and three-part proximal humeral fractures by finite element analysis.
METHODS: CT data of the humerus of a volunteer were collected and imported into Minics 21.0, Geomagic Wrap, Soildwork 2017, and Abaqus 2021 to establish finite element models of two-part and three-part fractures treated with two internal fixation methods, respectively. Group A: two-part fracture fixed with intramedullary nail model; group B: two-part fracture fixed with locking plate model; group C: three-part fracture fixed with intramedullary nail model; group D: three-part fracture fixed with locking plate model. The stress distribution, displacement degree, and maximum value of the humerus and internal fixation were compared and analyzed. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The maximum stress and maximum displacement of the humerus were the smallest in the model of group A, and the maximum stress and maximum displacement of the humerus were the largest in the model of group D. The stress of the locking plate group was mainly concentrated in the medial inferior part of the humeral head and the screw hole area, while the stress of the intramedullary nail group was mainly concentrated around the fracture line and the lateral inferior part of the surgical neck of the humerus. There is no significant difference in displacement distribution between the two. It is mainly concentrated in the distal humerus. (2) The maximum stress value of the intramedullary nail was the lowest in the model of group A, and the maximum stress value of the locking plate was the highest in the model of group D. The maximum stress of the two internal fixations was mainly concentrated in the talar screw and the connection with the internal fixation. The stress cloud distribution of the locking steel plate was concentrated, while the stress cloud distribution of the intramedullary nail was more uniform. (3) The results showed that compared with the locking plate, the intramedullary nail had more biomechanical advantages, and this advantage was more obvious in three-part fractures.

Key words: proximal humeral fracture, Neer classification, intramedullary nail, locking plate, biomechanics, finite element analysis

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