中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (35): 5701-5706.doi: 10.12307/2023.853

• 肌肉肌腱韧带组织构建 tissue construction of the muscle, tendon and ligament • 上一篇    下一篇

前交叉韧带重建后急停起跳过程中膝关节应力的有限元分析

刘艺辉1,闫  可1,张力文1,张美珍1,武晓刚2,陈维毅2   

  1. 太原理工大学,1体育学院,2生物医学工程学院,山西省太原市  030024
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-19 接受日期:2022-12-13 出版日期:2023-12-18 发布日期:2023-06-05
  • 通讯作者: 张美珍,博士,教授,硕士生导师,太原理工大学体育学院,山西省太原市 030024
  • 作者简介:刘艺辉,男,1997年生,太原理工大学在读硕士,主要从事运动生物力学研究。
  • 基金资助:
    首批新文科研究与改革实践项目(2021050026),项目负责人:张美珍;山西省基础研究计划自由探索类项目(202103021224109),项目负责人:张美珍;山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2020-032),项目负责人:张美珍;太原理工大学学科建设经费;2022年度山西省研究生教育创新项目(2022Y262),项目负责人:刘艺辉

Finite element analysis of knee joint stress in stop-jump maneuvers after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

Liu Yihui1, Yan Ke1, Zhang Liwen1, Zhang Meizhen1, Wu Xiaogang2, Chen Weiyi2   

  1. 1College of Physical Education, 2College of Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2022-11-19 Accepted:2022-12-13 Online:2023-12-18 Published:2023-06-05
  • Contact: Zhang Meizhen, PhD, Professor, Master’s supervisor, College of Physical Education, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Liu Yihui, Master candidate, College of Physical Education, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    The First Batch of New Liberal Arts Research and Reform Practice Project, No. 2021050026 (to ZMZ); Shanxi Provincial Basic Research Program (Free Exploration Project), No. 202103021224109 (to ZMZ); Research Project Supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China, No. 2020-032 (to ZMZ); Discipline Construction Funds of Taiyuan University of Technology; Shanxi Provincial Postgraduate Education Innovation Project in 2022, No. 2022Y262 (to LYH)

摘要:


文题释义:

急停起跳:在足球、篮球、排球等运动项目中,运动员需要完成大量的跳跃、急停起跳、变向动作,其中急停起跳不仅是这些项目中常见的技术动作之一,且极易导致膝关节前交叉韧带损伤,并进一步引发膝关节骨性关节炎的发生。

前交叉韧带重建:前交叉韧带断裂的患者往往需要接受前交叉韧带重建手术治疗,通过韧带重建以期恢复膝关节的稳定性并限制胫骨过度前移。然而,前交叉韧带重建后下肢可能出现不对称运动模式,这种运动特征对健患侧膝关节各组织间应力影响尚不清晰。


背景:已有研究分析了前交叉韧带重建患者术后完成不同动作时健患侧运动学、动力学等运动特征,假设前交叉韧带重建术后患者在完成急停起跳动作时健侧前交叉韧带von Mises应力较患侧高,半月板和股骨软骨的von Mises应力较患侧低。
目的:通过探究前交叉韧带重建患者健患侧膝关节软组织的应力响应特征,以期为降低该人群发生前交叉韧带二次损伤及慢性膝关节骨性关节炎等继发性损伤提供参考。
方法:运用红外光点运动捕捉系统(Nokov)和测力台(Bertec)采集前交叉韧带重建患者急停起跳时膝关节运动学和动力学特征,通过欧拉角计算方法和逆动力获得膝关节三维角度和三维力矩参数,并将膝关节三维角度和力矩作为边界和加载条件分别载入健患侧膝关节有限元模型,进行数值仿真,比较健患侧膝关节内部结构在实际运动载荷下的应力分布情况。

结果与结论:①在水平向后第一地面反作用力峰值时刻,患侧膝关节屈曲角、内收角明显大于健侧,且健侧垂直地面反作用力高于患侧。此外,健侧垂直地面反作用力峰值出现在急停起跳阶段的4%-6%,而患侧出现在急停起跳阶段的15%-17%,表现出健侧腿较患侧先着地的运动模式。②有限元分析显示健侧前交叉韧带von Mises应力峰值高于患侧(28.47 MPa vs. 13.18 MPa),且健侧最大应力出现在前交叉韧带后束部位,而患侧分布于前交叉韧带前侧股骨端;此外,患侧股骨软骨(12.16 MPa vs. 5.342 MPa)和半月板(17.35 MPa vs. 16.18 MPa)von Mises应力峰值均大于健侧,对应的最大应力峰值分别位于股骨远端关节软骨外髁边缘处和外侧半月板前角边缘。③有限元模拟得出前交叉韧带重建患者健侧发生前交叉韧带损伤风险较患侧前交叉韧带二次损伤风险可能更大,进一步由于患侧股骨软骨和半月板产生较高的应力可能会加重膝关节骨性关节炎的发展;研究结果提示前交叉韧带重建患者进行康复训练时不仅需关注患侧的康复训练,健侧异常的运动模式和代偿反应亦不容忽视。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8825-9487(刘艺辉)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 前交叉韧带重建, 急停起跳, 股骨软骨, 半月板, 应力, 有限元分析

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The kinematic and kinetic characteristics of the knee joint during the different movements of patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction have been analyzed. Herein, it is assumed that patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction have higher von Mises stress in the anterior cruciate ligament on the unaffected side than on the affected side and lower von Mises stress in the meniscus and femoral cartilage on the unaffected side than on the affected side during stop-jump maneuvers.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the stress response characteristics of the soft tissue of the knee on the unaffected and affected sides of patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in order to provide a reference for reducing secondary injuries such as secondary anterior cruciate ligament injuries and chronic knee osteoarthritis in this population.  
METHODS: Kinematic and kinetic parameters of the knee joint were acquired during the stop-jump maneuvers in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using an infrared spot motion capture system (Nokov) and a force measuring platform (Bertec). The three-dimensional angle and torque parameters of the knee joint were obtained by the Euler angle calculation method and inverse dynamics. The three-dimensional angle and torque, used as boundary and loading conditions, were then loaded into the finite element model of the knee joint, and numerical simulations were subsequently performed to compare the stress distribution of the internal structure of the knee joint on the unaffected and affected sides under actual motion loads.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At the peak of the first horizontal posterior ground reaction force, the flexion and adduction angles of the affected knee were significantly greater than those of the unaffected side, and the vertical ground reaction force was higher on the unaffected side than on the affected side. In addition, the peak vertical ground reaction force of the unaffected side appeared when the stop-jump maneuver was performed by 4%-6%, and that of the affected side appeared when the stop-jump maneuver was performed by 15%-17%, showing the unaffected leg lands earlier than the affected side. Finite element analysis results showed that the peak value of anterior cruciate ligament von Mises stress on the unaffected side was higher than that on the affected side (28.47 MPa vs. 13.18 MPa). The maximum stress on the unaffected side occurred at the posterior tract of the anterior cruciate ligament, while that on the affected side was mainly distributed in the anterior femoral end of the anterior cruciate ligament. In addition, the von Mises stress peak values of the affected femoral cartilage (12.16 MPa vs. 5.342 MPa) and meniscus (17.35 MPa vs. 16.18 MPa) were greater than those of the unaffected side. The corresponding maximum stress peaks were located at the edge of the lateral condyle of the distal femoral articular cartilage and the edge of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus, respectively. Finite element simulation indicated that the risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury on the unaffected side might be greater than that on the affected side. Furthermore, knee osteoarthritis could be aggravated by a higher stress on the affected femoral cartilage and meniscus. Overall, the rehabilitation training programs for patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction should not only pay attention to the rehabilitation training of the affected knee, but also focus on the abnormal movement pattern and compensation mechanism of the unaffected knee.

Key words: anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, stop-jump, femoral cartilage, meniscus, stress, finite element analysis

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