中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (29): 4736-4744.doi: 10.12307/2023.486

• 骨与关节综述 bone and joint review • 上一篇    下一篇

长链非编码RNA调控膝骨关节炎中软骨下骨稳态的作用与机制

韦宗波1,苏允裕2,章晓云1,黄  为1,许  航1,刘荣发1   

  1. 1广西中医药大学瑞康附属医院,广西壮族自治区南宁市  530000;2钦州市第一人民医院,广西壮族自治区钦州市  535000
  • 收稿日期:2022-07-21 接受日期:2022-08-18 出版日期:2023-10-18 发布日期:2022-12-02
  • 通讯作者: 苏允裕,主任医师,钦州市第一人民医院脊柱骨病外科,广西壮族自治区钦州市 535000
  • 作者简介:韦宗波,男,1998年生,广西壮族自治区梧州市人,汉族,广西中医药大学在读硕士,主要从事脊柱、骨关节创伤性疾病的防治研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广西自然科学基金青年基金(2020GXNSFBA159053),项目负责人:章晓云;黄有荣桂派中医大师培养项目(桂中医药科教发[2022]6号);广西临床重点专科(创伤外科)建设项目(桂卫医发{2021}17号)

Role and mechanism by which long non-coding RNAs regulate subchondral bone homeostasis in knee osteoarthritis

Wei Zongbo1, Su Yunyu2, Zhang Xiaoyun1, Huang Wei1, Xu Hang1, Liu Rongfa1   

  1. 1Ruikang Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 2Qinzhou First People’s Hospital, Qinzhou 535000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2022-07-21 Accepted:2022-08-18 Online:2023-10-18 Published:2022-12-02
  • Contact: Su Yunyu, Chief physician, Qinzhou First People’s Hospital, Qinzhou 535000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Wei Zongbo, Master candidate, Ruikang Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Guangxi Natural Science Foundation for the Youth, No. 2020GXNSFBA159053 (to ZXY); Huang Yourong TCM Master Training Project, No. [2022]6; Guangxi Key Clinical Specialty (Trauma Surgery) Construction Project, No. {2021}17

摘要:


文题释义:

长链非编码RNA:是一类转录本长度超过200 bp不编码蛋白质的RNA分子,起初很长一段时间被认为是基因组转录的“暗物质”“转录噪音”,不具有生物学功能。但是近年来,越来越多的研究挖掘出长链非编码RNA在表观遗传、转录调控和转录后调控等多种层面上对靶基因调控,从而发挥调节细胞分化、增殖、凋亡和迁移等功能作用,可参与到骨坏死、骨质疏松、骨关节炎等骨病的发生发展过程中。   
软骨下骨:主要存在于软骨下方,在发生膝骨关节炎病理改变时,软骨下骨内稳态失衡,在异常骨重塑作用下导致软骨下骨增厚,骨质变硬;因此,调节软骨下骨内稳态可能成为治疗膝骨关节炎的新途径。

背景:软骨下骨邻近软骨层,在膝骨关节炎进展机制中的重要作用已得到广泛认可,近年来干预软骨下骨稳态的因素逐渐成为研究热点。而长链非编码RNA作为目前研究的一大热点,其在调控骨稳态方面已凸显出一定的优势与价值。
目的:了解长链非编码RNA在软骨下骨稳态中的作用机制,对探索膝骨关节炎的防治新途径具有重要意义。 
方法:以“长链非编码RNA、膝骨关节炎、软骨下骨、成骨细胞、破骨细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、信号通路”为中文检索词检索中国知网、万方、维普数据库;以“Long non-coding RNA、Knee osteoarthritis、Subchondral bone、Osteoblasts、Osteoclasts、 Mesenchymal stem cells、Signal pathway”为英文检索词检索PubMed、Medline、Embase及Web of Science数据库,检索从各数据库建库至2022年7月的相关文献,根据纳入及排除标准最终纳入 65篇文献。
结果与结论:①软骨下骨稳态与骨髓间充质干细胞、成骨细胞和破骨细胞的增殖、分化、凋亡,周围细胞因子以及血管新生等密切相关。②长链非编码RNA对影响软骨下骨稳态各因素具有调控作用,主要通过Wnt/β-catenin、TGF-β/BMPs/Smad、PI3K/AKT和SDF-1/CXCR4信号通路调节骨髓间充质干细胞、成骨细胞和破骨细胞增殖、分化以及凋亡,从而促进或是抑制骨形成,此外还可调节细胞因子、抑制血管新生,为平衡软骨下骨稳态提供了理论依据,今后有可能为防治膝骨关节炎软骨下骨硬化提供了潜在的靶点。③长链非编码RNA对调节骨形成、骨吸收以及血管新生具有重要意义,而如何发挥其在调控膝骨关节炎的异常软骨下骨方面的作用,也是今后需关注的重点。④由于在研究中极难获取到正常人软骨下骨样本,目前尚未见有正常人软骨下骨中长链非编码RNA的相关报道,同时也缺乏长链非编码RNA直接作用于软骨下骨的临床研究,对调控软骨下骨稳态的作用机制也未完全清楚,仍有待今后更深入的探索。⑤该综述能够初步了解长链非编码RNA对软骨下骨稳态的影响机制,并总结出相关潜在靶点,有望推动今后长链非编码RNA作为调控软骨下骨的生物标志物和治疗靶点,从而提供防治膝骨关节炎的新思路。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8413-4476(韦宗波)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱;骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 长链非编码RNA, 膝骨关节炎, 软骨下骨, 成骨细胞, 破骨细胞, 骨髓间充质干细胞, 信号通路

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The important role of subchondral bone adjacent to the cartilage layer in the knee osteoarthritis progression has been widely recognized and the factors interfering with subchondral bone homeostasis are gradually becoming a research hotspot. Current studies have revealed that long-stranded non-coding RNAs have highlighted certain advantages and values in regulating bone homeostasis.  
OBJECTIVE: To understand the working mechanism of long non-coding RNAs in the subchondral bone homeostasis, thereby providing evidence for exploring new prevention and treatment methods for knee osteoarthritis.
METHODS: CNKI, WanFang, VIP, PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched with the search terms of “Long non-coding RNA, Knee osteoarthritis, Subchondral bone, Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts, Mesenchymal stem cells, Signal pathway” in Chinese and English. Literature retrieval time was from inception to July 2022, and a total of 65 articles were included in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Subchondral bone homeostasis is closely related to the proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts, and peripheral cytokines, and angiogenesis. (2) Long non-coding RNAs can modulate various factors affecting subchondral bone homeostasis, mainly through the Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β/BMPs/Smad, PI3K/AKT, and SDF-1/CXCR4 signaling pathways, which thereby promote or inhibit bone formation by modulating the proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts and osteoclasts. It can also modulate cytokines and inhibit angiogenesis. These findings provide a theoretical basis for balancing subchondral bone homeostasis and a potential target site for the prevention and treatment of subchondral osteosclerosis in knee osteoarthritis. (3) Long non-coding RNAs are important for modulating bone formation, bone resorption, and angiogenesis. How this type of RNAs can play a role in modulating the abnormal subchondral bone in knee osteoarthritis will be a key research focus in the future. (4) Given that it is difficult to collect samples of normal human subchondral bone, there is no report on the long non-coding RNAs in normal human subchondral bone. There is still a lack of clinical studies on the direct effects of long non-coding RNAs on subchondral bone and the mechanisms of their effects on modulating subchondral bone homeostasis are not fully understood. These remain to be studied in greater depth in the future. (5) This review can preliminarily reveal the mechanism of long non-coding RNAs on subchondral bone homeostasis and summarize the relevant potential targets, which are expected to promote long non-coding RNA as a biomarker and therapeutic target for the regulation of subchondral bone in the future, thus providing new ideas for the prevention and treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

Key words: long non-coding RNA, knee osteoarthritis, subchondral bone, osteoblast, osteoclast, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, signal pathway

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