中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (17): 2699-2707.doi: 10.12307/2023.477

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    

巨噬细胞的极化与牙周炎

苑舒月1,刘春艳2,刘  冰3,赵  菲3   

  1. 1河北医科大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,河北省口腔医学重点实验室,河北省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,河北省石家庄市  050017;2河北医科大学口腔医学院·口腔医院正畸科,河北省口腔医学重点实验室,河北省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,河北省石家庄市  050017;3河北医科大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周一科,河北省口腔医学重点实验室,河北省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,河北省石家庄市  050017
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-22 接受日期:2022-08-19 出版日期:2023-06-18 发布日期:2022-10-25
  • 通讯作者: 刘冰,硕士,主任医师,副教授,河北医科大学口腔医学院·口腔医院牙周一科,河北省口腔医学重点实验室,河北省口腔疾病临床医学研究中心,河北省石家庄市 050017
  • 作者简介:苑舒月,女,1997年生,河北省邯郸市人,汉族,河北医科大学口腔医学院·口腔医院在读硕士。
  • 基金资助:
    2021年政府资助省级医学优秀人才项目(361029),项目负责人:刘春艳;2022年河北省医学科学研究课题计划(20221454),项目负责人:赵菲; 2019年河北省政府资助临床医学优秀人才培养和基础课题研究项目[361029(MXZB00271)],项目负责人:刘冰

Macrophage polarization and periodontitis

Yuan Shuyue1, Liu Chunyan2, Liu Bing3, Zhao Fei3   

  1. 1Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China; 2Department of Orthodontics, 3Department of Periodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2022-06-22 Accepted:2022-08-19 Online:2023-06-18 Published:2022-10-25
  • Contact: Liu Bing, Master, Chief physician, Associate professor, Department of Periodontics, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Yuan Shuyue, Master candidate, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Hebei Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    2021 Government-Funded Medical Excellent Talent Project of Hebei Province, No. 361029 (to LCY); 2022 Hebei Provincial Medical Research Project, No. 20221454 (to ZF); 2019 Government-Funded Clinical Medical Talents Training and Basic Research Project of Hebei Province, No. 361029(MXZB00271) (to LB)

摘要:

文题释义:
巨噬细胞极化:巨噬细胞是一类具有高度异质性的免疫细胞,是人体固有免疫中的重要组成部分,在宿主防御、内环境稳态维持、炎症反应等方面都发挥重要作用。巨噬细胞在不同的环境和刺激下会极化为两种类型,一种是经典激活的巨噬细胞(M1型促炎),一种是交替激活的巨噬细胞(M2型抗炎),且在一定条件下,二者可以相互转化。
牙周炎:是一种以菌斑生物膜为始动因素,在各种环境因素及遗传因素促进下发生的以牙龈组织炎症和牙槽骨吸收为特征的慢性进行性炎症性疾病。严重牙周炎最终可导致牙齿的松动及脱落,是成人失牙的主要原因,严重影响人们的生活质量。
背景:牙周炎是发生在牙周支持组织的炎症,具体表现为牙龈的炎症及牙槽骨吸收。巨噬细胞可通过M1,M2极化在牙周炎发生发展中发挥作用,影响牙周炎的病情进展。
目的:通过对巨噬细胞极化与牙周炎的关系及其相关机制进行综述,为牙周炎的临床治疗提供思路。
方法:第一作者利用PubMed和中国知网数据库检索1991-2022年发表的相关文献,以“macrophage polarization,M1/M2 macrophage”等为英文检索词,以“巨噬细胞极化、M1/M2巨噬细胞、牙周炎”等为中文检索词,阅读每篇文献的文题、摘要进行初筛,最终筛选出97篇文献进行归纳分析。
结果与结论:①巨噬细胞作为人体固有免疫细胞,在炎症发生发展过程中起重要作用。巨噬细胞在环境刺激下会发生极化,且巨噬细胞极化是一个复杂的过程。②JAK/STAT、TLRs/核转录因子κB、PI3K/Akt等信号通路,炎症因子如肿瘤坏死因子α、干扰素γ、白细胞介素4和白细胞介素13等,以及表观遗传学等均可影响其极化。③巨噬细胞M1型极化促进炎症进展,巨噬细胞M2型极化发挥抗炎作用。④不同极化类型的巨噬细胞通过各种信号通路及分泌炎性因子等在牙周炎疾病过程中发挥促炎或抗炎作用,且通过多种途径影响骨吸收与骨形成,进而影响牙周炎的进展。⑤巨噬细胞通过相关机制进行极化,极化后的巨噬细胞又可以在牙周炎过程中发挥抗炎或促炎作用,对牙周炎进展产生影响。⑥研究巨噬细胞极化在牙周炎发病过程中的作用及机制对牙周炎治疗有重要意义,但目前对于巨噬细胞极化机制不完全明确,因此发现其极化的潜在机制,并将其与牙周炎治疗结合,促进牙周炎过程中巨噬细胞向M2型转化及其所占比例或者抑制或减少M1型巨噬细胞表达,对未来牙周炎治疗有重要意义;将表观遗传与巨噬细胞极化及牙周炎联合,从基因和蛋白水平上治疗牙周炎,可能成为临床上治疗牙周疾病的一种有效的方法。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6170-0850(苑舒月);https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4875-8809(刘冰)
中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 巨噬细胞, 极化, M1型巨噬细胞, M2型巨噬细胞, 牙周炎, 信号通路, 成骨与破骨, 非编码RNA, 表观遗传

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Periodontitis is an inflammation of the periodontal support tissue, manifested as inflammation of the gums and resorption of alveolar bone. Macrophages can play a role in the occurrence and development of periodontitis through M1 and M2 polarization.
OBJECTIVE: To review the relationship between macrophage polarization and periodontitis and its related mechanism, so as to provide ideas for the clinical treatment of periodontitis.    
METHODS: The first author searched the relevant papers published from 1991 to 2022 in PubMed and CNKI. The search terms in Chinese and English were “macrophage polarization, M1/M2 macrophages, periodontitis.” Preliminary screening was performed by reading the title and abstract. Finally, 97 articles were included and analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: As human innate immune cells, macrophages play an important role in the occurrence and development of inflammation. Macrophages can be polarized under environmental stimulation, which is a complex process. Signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT, TLRs/nuclear factor-κB, PI3K/Akt, inflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-γ, interleukin-4, interleukin-13, and epigenetic mechanisms can all influence macrophage polarization. M1-type polarization of macrophages promotes inflammatory progression and M2-type polarization of macrophages exerts anti-inflammatory effects. Studies have found that different polarized types of macrophages play a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory role in the process of periodontitis through various signaling pathways and secretion of inflammatory factors, and influence bone resorption and bone formation through a variety of ways, and then affect the progression of periodontitis. That is, macrophages are polarized through relevant mechanisms and the polarized macrophages can play an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory role in the process of periodontitis, which has an impact on the progression of periodontitis. Therefore, it is of great significance for the treatment of periodontitis to study the role and mechanism of macrophage polarization in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. However, the polarization mechanism of macrophages is not completely clear yet. Therefore, it is of great significance for future treatment of periodontitis to discover the potential mechanism of polarization and combine it with the treatment of periodontitis to promote the transformation of macrophages to M2-type and its proportion or inhibit or reduce the expression of M1-type macrophages in the process of periodontitis. The combination of epigenetics with macrophage polarization and periodontitis at the gene and protein levels may be an effective treatment for periodontitis.  

Key words: macrophage, polarization, M1 macrophage, M2 macrophage, periodontitis, signal pathway, osteoblast and osteoclast, non-coding RNA, epigenetics

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