中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (16): 2563-2570.doi: 10.12307/2023.137

• 生物材料综述 biomaterial review • 上一篇    下一篇

聚乙烯亚胺在骨组织工程中的研究进展和应用前景

黄艺轩1,杜  斌2,刘  锌2,袁鑫玮1,席洪钟1,郭铭滨1,麦健斌1   

  1. 1南京中医药大学附属医院,江苏省南京市  210029;2南京中医药大学附属医院骨伤科,江苏省南京市  210029
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-14 接受日期:2022-05-23 出版日期:2023-06-08 发布日期:2022-11-11
  • 通讯作者: 杜斌,教授,主任医师,博士生导师,南京中医药大学附属医院骨伤科,江苏省南京市 210029
  • 作者简介:黄艺轩,男,1997年生,甘肃省天水市人,汉族,南京中医药大学附属医院在读硕士,主要从事骨与关节病研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(82074471),项目负责人:杜斌;国家自然科学基金青年基金(81804117) ,项目负责人:刘锌

Research progress and application prospect of polyethyleneimine in bone tissue engineering

Huang Yixuan1, Du Bin2, Liu Xin2, Yuan Xinwei1, Xi Hongzhong1, Guo Mingbin1, Mai Jianbin1    

  1. 1Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2022-03-14 Accepted:2022-05-23 Online:2023-06-08 Published:2022-11-11
  • Contact: Du Bin, Professor, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Huang Yixuan, Master candidate, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    General Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82074471 (to DB); National Natural Science Foundation of China (Youth Fund), No. 81804117 (to LX)

摘要:


文题释义:

聚乙烯亚胺:是一种有机高分子聚合物,具有丰富的阳离子表面电荷,因此赋予此类聚合物易修饰性、易吸附性、抗菌活性和具备质子海绵效应的特点。目前聚乙烯亚胺已经在石油、纺织、化工和生物医药领域得到广泛的应用。
质子海绵效应:指材料吸收大量氢质子的能力。当该材料进入酸性环境的溶酶体后大量吸收H+,为达到电荷平衡,质子泵不断泵入质子的同时Cl-内流,导致溶酶体的渗透压大于细胞质内,溶酶体吸水破裂后载药材料释放到细胞质中实现溶酶体逃逸。

背景:聚乙烯亚胺作为一种阳离子聚合物,目前在医学的诸多领域已得到广泛的研究,凭借自身丰富的胺基基团和阳离子电荷,使其具备易修饰性和静电吸附性,这些特性运用于骨组织工程中,具有潜在的优势与前景。
目的:总结目前聚乙烯亚胺在骨组织工程的研究进展,并且对其用于骨组织工程中的应用前景作了讨论与展望。
方法:检索2000年1月至2022年3月PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网及万方数据库中相关文献,英文检索词:“polyethyleneimine,bone tissue engineering,bone tissue regeneration,bone tissue repair,regenerative medicine,drug delivery”;中文检索词:“聚乙烯亚胺、骨组织工程、骨组织再生、骨组织修复、再生医学、药物递送”,最终纳入57篇文献进行综述分析。
结果与结论:①基于基因技术利用聚乙烯亚胺与成骨相关基因形成的复合物是一种高效的基因载体,能够诱导种子细胞表达成骨相关的细胞因子,促进成骨分化;通过与不同基团进行修饰,可以实现在不影响聚乙烯亚胺转染效率的同时尽可能的降低对间充质干细胞等种子细胞的毒性,但是对于DNA和聚乙烯亚胺链的长度、聚乙烯亚胺的电荷密度、结构和化学修饰以及氮/磷酸盐等关键参数未达成共识。②聚乙烯亚胺作为表面涂层或直接与支架材料形成复合物制备的骨缺修复支架,在支架的生物相容性、降解速率、孔隙大小和机械强度方面均有优化;同时聚乙烯亚胺及其衍生物应用于骨缺损修复支架可以赋予支架抗菌性和增强促血管生成的能力。③体内加载成骨诱导因子方面,聚乙烯亚胺搭载的成骨诱导因子基因在体外细胞实验中具有高效的转染能力,负载在支架上植入骨缺损动物模型体内则能提升支架的生物相容性,具有理想的骨缺损修复效果,并且未有严重的不良反应报道,但是对于基因的异位插入及促成骨蛋白的异位表达仍然是目前存在的问题。④为实现药物骨靶向递送,聚乙烯亚胺凭借自身丰富的可修饰基团,成为了靶头与药物载体之间连接的“桥梁”。⑤基于双膦酸盐类、刺激响应性系统及生物素亲和素系统的药物靶向递送方式向骨修复支架靶向持续递送促成骨的药物目前尚未见报道,但聚乙烯亚胺目前在药物递送领域的应用提供了实现该想法的可能,未来值得进一步探索。
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1464-9073(黄艺轩); https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-0601(杜斌)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料口腔生物材料纳米材料缓释材料材料相容性组织工程

关键词: 聚乙烯亚胺, 阳离子聚合物, 骨组织工程, 骨再生, 骨修复, 基因治疗, 再生医学, 药物递送

Abstract: BACKGROUND: As a cationic polymer, polyethyleneimine has been widely studied in many fields of medicine. With its rich amino and cationic charges, it has the ability of easy modification and electrostatic adsorption, which has potential advantages and prospects for application in bone tissue engineering.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research progress of polyethyleneimine in bone tissue engineering, and discuss and explore its development prospect in bone tissue engineering.
METHODS: Relevant articles were searched on PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and Wanfang databases from January 2000 to March 2022 with the search terms of “polyethyleneimine, bone tissue engineering, bone tissue regeneration, bone tissue repair, regenerative medicine, drug delivery” in English and Chinese. Finally, 57 articles were included for analysis.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The complex formed by polyethyleneimine and osteogenic genes based on gene technology is an efficient gene carrier, which can induce seed cells to express osteogenic cytokines and promote osteogenic differentiation. Modification with different groups can reduce the toxicity to seed cells such as mesenchymal stem cells as much as possible without affecting the transfection efficiency of polyethyleneimine. However, no consensus was reached on the key parameters such as the length of DNA and polyethyleneimine chains, charge density of polyethyleneimine, structure and chemical modification, and nitrogen/phosphate. (2) Polyethyleneimine has been optimized in the aspects of biocompatibility, degradation rate, pore size and mechanical strength of the scaffold as a surface coating or a composite prepared directly with the scaffold material. Meanwhile, the application of polyethyleneimine and its derivatives in bone defect repair scaffolds can give the antibacterial activity of scaffolds and enhance the ability of promoting angiogenesis. (3) In terms of in vivo loading of osteogenic inducible factor, the osteogenic inducible factor gene carried by polyethyleneimine had efficient transfection ability in vitro cell experiments. When loaded on the scaffold and implanted into the bone defect animal model, the biocompatibility of the scaffold could be improved, and the bone defect repair effect was ideal, and no serious adverse reactions were reported. However, ectopic gene insertion and promoting ectopic expression of bone protein are still existing problems. (4) In order to achieve targeted drug bone delivery, polyethyleneimine is a “bridge” between target and drug carrier with its abundant modifiable groups. (5) The targeted drug delivery method based on bisphosphonates, stimulus response system and biotin avidin system has not been reported yet, but the current application of polyethyleneimine in the field of drug delivery provides the possibility of realizing this idea, which is worth further exploration. 

Key words: polyethyleneimine, cationic polymers, bone tissue engineering, bone regeneration, bone repair, gene therapy, regenerative medicine, drug delivery

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