中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (6): 955-961.doi: 10.12307/2023.279

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

骨微血管内皮细胞在股骨头坏死中的作用机制及前景

秦宇星1,任前贵2,李子龙1,全嘉星3,沈佩锋2,孙  韬2,王浩宇3   

  1. 内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院,1手足显微外科,2急诊科,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市   010030;3内蒙古医科大学,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市   010110
  • 收稿日期:2022-02-25 接受日期:2022-05-06 出版日期:2023-02-28 发布日期:2022-08-12
  • 通讯作者: 任前贵,硕士,主任医师,硕士生导师,内蒙古医科大学第二附属医院急诊科,内蒙古自治区呼和浩特市 010030
  • 作者简介:秦宇星,男,1996年生,2022年内蒙古医科大学毕业,硕士,医师,骨科(创伤骨科),主要从事骨缺损和股骨头坏死的相关研究。

Action mechanism and prospect of bone microvascular endothelial cells for treating femoral head necrosis

Qin Yuxing1, Ren Qiangui2, Li Zilong1, Quan Jiaxing3, Shen Peifeng2, Sun Tao2, Wang Haoyu3    

  1. 1Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, 2Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China; 3Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2022-02-25 Accepted:2022-05-06 Online:2023-02-28 Published:2022-08-12
  • Contact: Ren Qiangui, Master, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Emergency, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Qin Yuxing, Master, Physician, Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010030, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

摘要:

文题释义:
股骨头骨微血管内皮细胞:骨微血管内皮细胞是股骨头微血管壁的主要结构,不仅形成一个惰性的血液容器,还有明显的屏障和运输功能,也是一个巨大的内分泌腺,是微循环物质交换和血流稳定的基础,同时参与了股骨头坏死发病过程,在新骨及新血管形成方面有着积极作用。
成血管-成骨耦联:骨细胞不能在距离血管超过 100 mm的地方存活,成骨必须先成血管,成血管和成骨在时间和空间上是存在协同作用的。

背景:股骨头坏死给患者和社会带来严重的负担,现存在的假说未能完全解释股骨头坏死发生的机制,但骨内微循环系统功能障碍是其病理基础是不容质疑的。鉴于微循环在股骨头坏死中的重要性,近期有报道指出骨微血管内皮细胞损伤在股骨头坏死的发病机制中有着关键作用。
目的:分析骨微血管内皮细胞在股骨头坏死中的作用机制,着重探讨基于骨微血管内皮细胞改善微循环促进成骨,从而治疗股骨头坏死的前景。
方法:以“股骨头坏死;骨微血管内皮细胞;微循环障碍;骨组织工程技术;microRNAs”为中文关键词,以“Necrosis of femoral head;Bone microvascular endothelial cells;Microcirculation disorder;Bone tissue engineering technology;MicroRNAs”为英文关键词,通过检索CNKI(中国知网)、万方数据库和PubMed数据库得到220篇相关文献,并通过对题目、摘要和部分文献内容的阅读,排除了时效性不强、结论模糊、重复的文献,最后纳入符合标准的63篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:①骨微血管内皮细胞功能障碍导致的血管生成受损、细胞凋亡异常、血栓形成和脂肪栓塞均参与了股骨头缺血性坏死的发生和发展。②中药、骨组织工程技术、基于转染、MicroRNAs等能够通过促进血管生成、抑制细胞凋亡和血管栓塞来预防和治疗股骨头缺血性坏死。③微血管内皮细胞和骨髓间充质干细胞联合移植是治疗股骨头坏死最有希望的策略之一,但具有良好生物相容性的共移植物和支架与培养细胞之间的最佳比例需要进一步研究。④对于基因转染来说,目的基因在宿主细胞的转录调控机制还未完全研究清楚;此外,相关的临床试验较少,治疗效果还有待进一步验证。

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3706-0771 (秦宇星)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 股骨头坏死, 骨微血管内皮细胞, 微循环障碍, 骨组织工程技术, miRNA, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Femoral head necrosis brings a serious burden to patients and the society. The existing hypotheses cannot fully explain the mechanism of the femoral head necrosis. However, there is no doubt that the dysfunction of bone microcirculation system is its pathological basis. Given the importance of microcirculation during femoral head necrosis, recent studies indicate that bone microvascular endothelial cell injury exerts a crucial effect on the pathogenesis of femoral head necrosis.  
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the action mechanism of bone microvascular endothelial cells for treatment of femoral head necrosis, and to focus on the prospect of improving microcirculation and promoting osteogenesis based on bone microvascular endothelial cells, so as to treat femoral head necrosis.
METHODS: “Necrosis of femoral head; bone microvascular endothelial cells; microcirculation disorder; bone tissue engineering technology; microRNAs” were used as Chinese and English keywords. Totally 220 related articles were obtained by searching on CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), Wanfang database, and PubMed database. Insufficient timeliness, vague conclusions, and repetitive articles were excluded by reading the titles, abstracts and part of the content. Finally, 63 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included for review.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The impaired angiogenesis, abnormal apoptosis, thrombosis and fat embolism caused by the dysfunction of bone microvascular endothelial cells are all involved in the occurrence and development of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. (2) Traditional Chinese medicine, bone tissue engineering technology, transfection-based method, and microRNAs can be employed to prevent and treat avascular necrosis of the femoral head by promoting angiogenesis, suppressing apoptosis and vascular embolism. (3) Combined transplantation of microvascular endothelial cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is one of the most promising strategies for the treatment of femoral head necrosis, but the optimal ratio between co-grafts and scaffolds with good biocompatibility and cultured cells needs further research. (4) For gene transfection, the transcriptional regulation mechanism of target gene in host cells has not been fully studied. In addition, there are few related clinical trials, and the therapeutic effect needs to be further verified.

Key words: femoral head necrosis, bone microvascular endothelial cell, microcirculation disorder, bone tissue engineering technology, miRNA, review

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