中国组织工程研究

中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (29): 4743-4749.doi: 10.12307/2021.178

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

轻度认知障碍神经炎症机制的作用靶点

都屹泓1，孙  焱1，杨若愚2，王丽岩2，蔡  明2   

  1. 1华东交通大学体育与健康学院，江西省南昌市   330013；2上海健康医学院康复学院，上海市   201318
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-21 修回日期:2020-07-22 接受日期:2020-08-13 出版日期:2021-10-18 发布日期:2021-07-22
  • 通讯作者: 蔡明，博士，讲师，上海健康医学院康复学院，上海市 201318
  • 作者简介:都屹泓，男，1998年生，上海市人，汉族，华东交通大学在读硕士，主要从事慢病运动干预方向的研究。 孙焱，博士，副教授，硕士生导师，华东交通大学体育与健康学院，江西省南昌市 330013
  • 基金资助:
    教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(20YJCZH001)，项目负责人：蔡明

Mechanisms of neuroinflammation in mild cognitive impairment

Du Yihong1, Sun Yan1, Yang Ruoyu2, Wang Liyan2, Cai Ming2    

  1. 1Sports and Health College, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi Province, China; 2College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
  • Received:2020-07-21 Revised:2020-07-22 Accepted:2020-08-13 Online:2021-10-18 Published:2021-07-22
  • Contact: Cai Ming, MD, Lecturer, College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
  • About author:Du Yihong, Master candidate, Sports and Health College, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi Province, China; College of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China Sun Yan, MD, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, Sports and Health College, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Youth Fund Project of Research Planning Foundation on Humanities and Social Sciences of the Ministry of Education, No. 20YJCZH001 (to CM)

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摘要：

文题释义：
神经炎症：是发生于脑内的炎症反应，可由多种因素导致，如糖尿病、脑创伤、β-淀粉样蛋白沉积、能量代谢障碍，甚至衰老。这种炎症主要由神经胶质细胞(小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞)产生的细胞因子介导，当神经胶质细胞被过度激活会导致其大量释放促炎细胞因子，进而损害神经元，并引起突触丧失和神经元死亡。 
轻度认知障碍：是处于正常衰老和阿尔茨海默症之间的一种过渡状态，与年龄和教育程度匹配的正常老年人相比，患者存在轻度认知功能减退，但日常活动能力没有受到明显影响。

背景：临床上，轻度认知障碍是正常衰老认知下降与阿尔茨海默症早期之间的过渡状态，被认为是预防或改变阿尔茨海默症退行性变的最佳阶段。近年来，越来越多的研究表明，神经炎症是轻度认知障碍的核心发病机制和主要早期病理特征之一。
目的：综述国内外神经炎症导致轻度认知障碍的机制研究进展。
方法：英文检索词为“neuroinflammation，mild cognitive impairment，proinflammatory cytokines，microglia，astroglia，NLRP3，NF-κB，TNF-α，CD40”，中文检索词为“神经炎症，轻度认知障碍，促炎细胞因子，小胶质细胞，星形胶质细胞，NLRP3炎症小体，核因子κB，肿瘤坏死因子α，白细胞分化抗原 40”，检索2000至2020年PubMed、CNKI、万方数据库中收录的轻度认知障碍神经炎症机制研究的相关文献，进行总结分析。
结果与结论：①由一系列复杂的因素，例如糖尿病、肥胖症和脑创伤等引起的慢性系统性炎症，以及脑内β-淀粉样蛋白沉积、能量代谢障碍和衰老引起的神经元、脑内细胞死亡等，共同导致脑内神经炎症的产生并且激活胶质细胞，被激活的胶质细胞持续释放肿瘤坏死因子α、NLRP3、核因子κB、CD40等炎症因子，造成脑内神经元、突触等受到损伤，最终导致认知功能受损；②因此调节神经炎症有望成为轻度认知障碍有效的治疗策略。
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7202-0145 (都屹泓) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

关键词: 轻度认知障碍, 神经炎症, 星形胶质细胞, 小胶质细胞, 信号通路, NLRP3, 核因子κB, 肿瘤坏死因子α, CD40

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Clinically, mild cognitive impairment is a transitional state between the normal aging and Alzheimer’s disease, which is considered to be an appropriate stage to prevent or change the progressive degeneration of Alzheimer’s disease. In recent years, increasing studies have shown that neuroinflammation is the core pathogenesis and one of the main early pathological features of mild cognitive impairment.
OBJECTIVE: To review the global research progress in the mechanisms of neuroinflammation leading to mild cognitive impairment.
METHODS: Using “neuroinflammation, mild cognitive impairment, proinflammatory cytokines, microglia, astroglia, NLRP3, NF-κB, TNF-α, CD40” as the key words in English and Chinese, respectively, we retrieved the related literatures on the neuroinflammation mechanism of mild cognitive impairment from 2000 to 2020 in PubMed, CNKI, and WanFang databases.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A series of complex factors will cause neuroinflammation, such as chronic systemic inflammation caused by brain trauma, diabetes and obesity, energy metabolism disorders in the brain, β-amyloid protein deposition and aging. Neuroinflammation will activate glial cells in the central nervous system. Activated glial cells will continuously release inflammatory factors, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, NLRP3, nuclear factor-κB, and CD40 to damage neurons and synapses, which damage neurons and axons in the brain, and eventually lead to cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, regulating neuroinflammation is expected to become an effective treatment strategy for mild cognitive impairment.


Key words: mild cognitive impairment, neuroinflammation, astrocyte, microglia, signaling pathway, NLRP3, nuclear factor-κB, tumor necrosis factor-α, CD40

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