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15 October 2015, Volume 19 Issue 43 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Calcium phosphate cement II induces osteogenesis and repairs tendon-bone interface injury: a biomechanical analysis Li Xiao-fei, Xie Wen-jin, Sheng Lu-xin, Yuan Xi 2015, 19 (43):  6889-6894.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.001 Abstract ( 343 )   PDF (1223KB) ( 285 )   Save BACKGROUND: Both calcium phosphate cement II and recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein have certain osteoinductive effects, which have the possibility of repairing tendon-bone interface injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the osteoinductive effect of calcium phosphate cement II and its biomechanics analysis of repairing tendon-bone interface injury. METHODS: Five out of 35 adult healthy New Zealand white rabbits were randomly selected and their bilateral shoulder joint tendon-bone interface specimens were taken as normal control group after being sacrificed. The remaining 30 rabbits were used to make animal models of tendon-bone interface injury and then randomly divided into experimental and model groups. Rabbits in the model group had no treatment, and those in the experimental group were treated with calcium phosphate cement II. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After repair with calcium phosphate cement II, the injured tendon-bone interface of rabbits was obviously restored, and the repair effect became better with time. The expression level of bone morphogenetic protein 2 was also increased accordingly. The maximum tensile strength and the maximum stiffness of the injured tendon-bone interface were obviously increased. These results demonstrate that calcium phosphate cement II combined with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein has good osteoinductive and repair effect in repair of tendon-bone interface injury.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Fabricating periodontal tissue engineering compound by gene modified gingival fibroblasts and acellular dermal matrix Zhong Quan, Li Yan-fen, Yan Fu-hua 2015, 19 (43):  6906-6912.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.004 Abstract ( 297 )   PDF (9269KB) ( 240 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have found that human platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B)-transfected gingival fibroblasts are capable of rapid proliferation in vitro, which can secrete platelet-derived growth factor BB proteins. OBJECTIVE: To explore the ability of PDGF-B-modified gingival fibroblasts in the acellular dermal matrix in vivo to form periodontal tissue engineering compound. METHODS: Gingival fibroblasts from Beagle dogs transfected with or without PDGF-B gene were implanted into the acellular dermal matrix. Cell growth on the acellular dermal matrix was observed. PDGF-B gene-transfected gingival fibroblasts/acellular dermal matrix composite (experimental group), gingival fibrobalsts/acellular dermal matrix composite (control group) and acellular dermal matrix (blank group) were implanted subcutaneously into the nude mice, respectively. At 2, 4, 8 weeks after implantation, skin tissues were taken and observed histologically. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: PDGF-B gene-modified gingival fibroblasts and non-transfected gingival fibroblasts both grew and proliferated well in the acellular dermal matrix. At 8 weeks after implantation, in the blank group, the surrounding cells largely entered into the acellular dermal matrix, but produce less new collagen fibers, and the cells only grew on the original collagen scaffold; in the control group, a great amount of collagen fibers formed, the original collagen fibers in the acellular dermal matrix were replaced by newly formed collagens, but the original collagen structure was reserved; in the experimental group, a large scale of permineralization formed, and mineralized nodes were arranged along the original collagen scaffold. These findings indicate that PDGF-B gene modified gingival fibroblasts can acquire osteoplastic abilities in the acellular dermal matrix in vivo.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Chitosan nanoparticles enfolding antisense endothelin converting enzyme RNA expression plasmid and airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mouse models Liu Jia 2015, 19 (43):  6913-6917.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.005 Abstract ( 402 )   PDF (3452KB) ( 224 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have reported that under in vitro experimental environment, antisense endothelin nucleic acid nanometer carrier can express target nucleic acid and produce RNA interference effect after enfolding by 12-alkylated chitosan nanoparticles, which can effectively inhibit the excessive generation of endothelin from inflammatory cytokines induced by allergen. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of 12-alkylated chitosan nanoparticles enfolding antisense endothelin converting enzyme RNA expression plasmid on airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mouse models. METHODS: Forty Balb/c mice were randomly divided into four groups: control, chitosan nanoparticles, normal saline and plasmid groups. Mice in the chitosan nanoparticles, normal saline and plasmid groups were subjected to sensitization by an intraperitoneal injection with ovalbumin (0, 14 days) and motivation by aerosol inhalation of ovalbumin (24, 25, 26 days) to induce asthma models. Mice in the control group were subjected to sensitization and motivation by the perfusion of normal saline. At 24hours before the first excitation, mice in the control, chitosan nanoparticles, normal saline and plasmid groups were perfused with normal saline via airway, 12-alkylated chitosan nanoparticles, normal saline and antisense endothelin converting enzyme RNA. At 48 hours after the last excitation, the airway reactivity of mice was detected. After 28 days, bronchoalveolar lavage  fluid cytology, lung histopathology, cytokines in spleen cell culture supernatant were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the total number of plasmid cells, the percentage of eosinophils, eosinophil absolute counts, interleukin-4 levels, endothelin levels and airway hyperresponsiveness of mice in chitosan nanoparticles, normal saline and plasmid groups were increased (P < 0.05), and the lung inflammation was more severe. These indicators in the chitosan nanoparticles group were all lower than those in the normal saline and plasmid groups (P < 0.05) and the degree of inflammation was lighter than that in the saline and plasmid groups. These results demonstrate that 12-alkylated chitosan nanoparticles enfolding antisense endothelin converting enzyme RNA expression plasmid can reduce the synthetic amount of asthma endothelin and inhibit airway responsiveness.   中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Flushing methods, temperature and flushing time of sodium hypochlorite affect the clearance effect on the smear layer of root canal Hou Min-hong, Chen Min, Li Lei, Zhang Sha-sha, Zhou Dong-yan, Wu Li-geng 2015, 19 (43):  6918-6923.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.006 Abstract ( 417 )   PDF (4531KB) ( 234 )   Save BACKGROUND: In root canal preparation, the clearance effect of sodium hypochlorite for root canal irrigation on the smear layer is associated with the contact time and contact area of irrigation fluid, the amount of irrigation fluid, irrigation fluid temperature, irrigation fluid concentration, flushing methods and so on. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clearance effect of 3% sodium hypochlorite on the smear layer of root canal under different flushing methods, flushing temperature and flushing time. METHODS:Totally 180 isolated front teeth with single root were collected and root canal preparation was conducted using motorized ProTaper. The root canal was flushed with 3% sodium hypochlorite. According to different flushing methods, these root canals were randomly and evenly divided into root canal active flushing group, passive ultrasound swished group and side opening flushing needle group. According to the flushing temperature and the flushing time after replacing a file, each group was randomly divided into six subgroups: 20 ℃ 30 seconds group,  20 ℃ 60 seconds group, 37 ℃ 30 seconds group, 37 ℃ 60 seconds, 60 ℃ 30 seconds group and 60 ℃ 60 seconds group. The clearance effect on the smear layer of root canal was observed using scanning electron microscope.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The general clearance effect on the smear layer in the root canal active flushing group was better than that in the passive ultrasound swished group and side opening flush acupuncture group (P < 0.05). At the same time, the clearance effect on the smear layer in the 60 ℃ group was better that that in the 37 ℃ group and 20 ℃ group (P < 0.05). At a certain temperature, the clearance effect on the smear layer in 60 seconds group was better than that in the 30 seconds group (P < 0.05). The clearance effect on the smear layer in the 1/3 root cap zone was better than that in the 1/3 root and 1/3 apical root zone (P < 0.05). These results show that the best clearance effect on the smear layer can be achieved as follows: 3% sodium hypochlorite irrigation at 60 ℃ for 60 seconds.    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of nickel-titanium wire on the expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+)-ATPase and ryanodine receptor in rat myocardial cells Gu Shang-wu, Jiang Qian-feng, Lu Yuan-fu, Shang Qian-hui, Wu Qin, Gong Liang, Fang Ming-liang 2015, 19 (43):  6924-6929.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.007 Abstract ( 231 )   PDF (4426KB) ( 273 )   Save BACKGROUND: Although the nickel-titanium occluder in the treatment of congenital heart disease has a better clinical effect, arrhythmia will be more likely to develop in late stage. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of nickel-titanium wire on expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+)-ATPase and ryanodine receptor of rat myocardial cells. METHODS: Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were obtained and randomly divided into two groups: experimental and control groups. The nickel-titanium wire was implanted to the apex of heart of rats in the experimental group. Rats in the control group received no special treatment. Rat mycardial cells were harvested at the 1th, 3rd and 6th months after operation. The gene and protein expressions of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+)-ATPase and ryanodine receptor of rat myocardial cells were detected using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The inflammatory reactions were detected using hematoxylin-eosin staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After the nickel-titanium wire was implanted into the rat myocardium, inflammatory reaction was induced by inflammatory cell infiltration in the experimental group, with hyperplasia of fibrous tissue. The inflammatory reaction gradually disappeared as the implanted time extended. No inflammatory cell infiltration was visible in the control group. There was no significant difference in the gene and protein expressions of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+)-ATPase and ryanodine receptor of rat myocardial cells at different time points after operation between these two groups. It showed that nickel-titanium wire had no influence on the expressions of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+)-ATPase and ryanodine receptor of rat myocardial cells. These results suggest that nickel-titanium occluder-related arrhythmia may have little relationship with abnormal protein expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca~(2+)-ATPase and ryanodine receptor.    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Carboxymethylated chitosan effect on cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathway in rat Schwann cells cultured in vitro He Bin, Tao Hai-ying, Wei Ai-lin, Li Xiao-hai, Chen Ren 2015, 19 (43):  6930-6934.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.008 Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (4424KB) ( 299 )   Save BACKGROUND: It has been confirmed that carboxymethylated chitosan has an promoting effect on Schwann cell proliferation and secretion, but its impact on the cyclic adenosine monophosphate-mediated protein kinase A signaling pathway in schwann cell still needs further study. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of carboxymethylated chitosan on cyclic adenosine monophosphate/ protein kinase A signaling pathway in rat schwann cells. METHODS: The Schwann cells of the second generation neonatal rats were obtained and seeded in 6-well plate at a concentration of 1×109/L. These Schwann cells were cultured and divided into four groups. The Schwann cells in the control group were cultured by adding PBS. The Schwann cells in the experimental groups were cultured by adding 50, 100 and 200 mg/L of carboxymethyl chitosan solution, respectively. After 24 hours, the concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate, protein kinase A activity and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein mRNA expression were detected. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, carboxymethyl chitosan increased cyclic adenosine monophosphate concentrations, the activity of protein kinase A and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein mRNA expression within the Schwann cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that carboxymethyl chitosan can increase the concentration of cyclic adenosine monophosphate within the Schwann cells and promote protein kinase A activity, thereby activating cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A signaling pathway.    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transplanted hepatocytes and collagen hydrogel units subcutaneously establish engineered hepatic tissue Li Ze-xue, Zhang Lan, Liang Wen-tao, Liang Kai, Wei Bo 2015, 19 (43):  6935-6939.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.009 Abstract ( 312 )   PDF (4167KB) ( 226 )   Save BACKGROUND: Collagen hydrogel provides good matrix support for hepatocyte growth and tissue reconstruction, and the collagen-based engineered tissue is easy to merge the growth and form integrated tissue. OBJECTIVE: To improve the thickness of engineered hepatic tissue by dissociating hepatocytes/collagen hydrogel composite into small hepatic units that accumulate in the subcutaneous cavity. METHODS: Freshly isolated hepatocytes from rats were mixed with collagen hydrogel to establish hepatocytes/collagen hydrogel composite. The hepatocytes/collagen hydrogel composite was dissociated into small hepatic units after being cured. The undissociated hepatocytes/collagen hydrogel composite was taken as a control. Six Spraque-Dawley rats were enrolled. Three of them were subjected to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy to induce liver regeneration. Dissociated and undissociated hepatocytes/collagen hydrogel composites were implanted into the bilateral inguinal subcutaneous cavity. Dissociated and undissociated hepatocytes/collagen hydrogel composites were implanted into the bilateral inguinal subcutaneous cavity of the other three rats. At the 7th day after transplantation, engineered hepatic tissue formation was evaluated using hematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining and India ink perfusion methods. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The grafts in these two groups all formed vascular engineered hepatic tissue in the subcutaneous cavity, but after the small hepatic units merged, a large piece of vascular engineered hepatic tissue formed. The hepatic tissue thickness was up to 4 mm. The whole piece of implanted liver grafts only formed small pieces of hepatic tissues, with only several layers of cells. Immunohistochemistry staining confirmed that the hepatocytes in vascular engineered hepatic tissue had the characteristics and functions of natural hepatocytes. Partial hepatectomy experiment showed that engineered hepatic tissue had the ability to respond to regenerative stimulus of partial hepatectomy. These results show that dissociating the hepatocytes/collagen hydrogel grafts into small units that accumlate in the subcutaneous cavity can increase the thickness of the engineered hepatic tissue.    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Acellular dermal matrix for repair of porcine bile duct defects: to promote vascular and bile duct epithelial regeneration Chen Gang, Bai Jian-hua, Zhu Xin-feng, Cao Jun, Liu Qi-yu, Zhao Ying-peng, Li Li 2015, 19 (43):  6940-6945.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.010 Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (4804KB) ( 221 )   Save BACKGROUND: Acellular dermal matrix is a cell-free natural tissue scaffold similar to human soft tissue, which is easy to shape and has non-toxic side effects. It has been used to repair the urethra and ureter. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of acellular dermal matrix on the repair of bile duct injury. METHODS: Thirty Diannan miniature pigs were randomly divided into three groups: in blank group, the bile duct was resected followed by end to end anastomosis; in experimental group, bile duct defect model was made followed by repair with acellular dermal matrix; in control group, bile duct defect model was made followed by repair with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene. At 6 and 24 weeks after repair, bile duct patches and surrounding tissues were taken for immunohistochemical observation and RT-PCR detection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control and blank group, the expression of cytokeratin was higher, but the expression of transforming growth factor β1 was lower in the experimental group. Within 24 weeks after repair, the total mRNA level of transforming growth factor β1 was lower in the experimental group than the other two groups (P < 0.05), but the total mRNA levels of insulin-like growth factor 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor were higher in the experimental group (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that the acellular dermal matrix for repair of bile duct injury can promote angiogenesis and bile duct epithelial regeneration, but not increase the formation of scars. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application feasibility of xenogeneic deproteinized cancellous bone scaffold in the treatment of spinal intertransverse fusion Lv Bo, Dong Wen, Liu Wu-qing 2015, 19 (43):  6946-6952.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.011 Abstract ( 233 )   PDF (1290KB) ( 226 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nowadays, most of the studies regarding tissue engineering bone have mostly focused on critical-size bone defects of the backbone; however, there are less studies and reports on its spinal fusion. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of xenogeneic deproteinized cancellous bone as bone tissue engineering scaffold in the treatment of spinal intertransverse fusion. METHODS: The cancellous part in the distal femur of adult pigs was obtained to prepare xenogeneic deproteinized cancellous bone. After combined with the recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein, the xenogeneic deproteinized cancellous bone was combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells to prepare tissue engineering bone. Twenty-four goats were obtained to prepare intertransverse bone bed, and randomly divided into two groups: observation and control groups. In the observation group, the tissue engineered bone was implanted into the left side, and the xenogeneic deproteinized cancellous bone of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein was implanted into the right side. In the control group, the autologous iliac bone was implanted into the left side, and xenogenic deproteinization cancellous bone was implanted into the right side. At the 4th, 8th and 12th weeks after implantation, the fusion segment was obtained for gross observation, X-ray observation, histological observation and biomechanical testing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: X-ray films showed that the implant materials from these two groups were fixed well and reliably. At different time points after implantation, the implant materials from each group were all in good position. There were no purulent and necrotic tissues around the material. Soft tissue ingrow and wraping were present. There were no effusions and necrosis surrounding the implant materials. The imaging and histological performance in the tissue engineering bone group outperformed that in the recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein xenogenic deproteinized cancellous bone group and xenogenic deproteinized cancellous bone group, which was the most close to the autogenous bone. At the 12th week after implantation, the maximum bending load in the tissue engineering bone group was the most close to the autogenous iliac bone group. There was no significant difference between these two groups. These results demonstrate that as bone tissue engineering scaffold, xenogenic deproteinized cancellous bone has a certain application feasibility in the treatment of spinal intertransverse fusion. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Titanium cage versus polyetheretherketone cage in posterior lumbar interbody fusion with pedicle screw fixation Liu Rui-duan, Xiao Rong-chi, Tang Zhi-hong, Jin An-min 2015, 19 (43):  6953-6957.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.012 Abstract ( 297 )   PDF (2298KB) ( 307 )   Save BACKGROUND: Due to the higher modulus of elasticity, titanium cages are prone to have the following shortcomings: adjacent vertebral sinking and delayed fusion resulting from stress shielding; therefore, in recent years, it has been gradually replaced by polyetheretherketone cages. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients undergoing posterior lumbar interbody fusion with pedicle screw fixation in which either a polyetheretherketone cage or a titanium cage was implanted. METHODS: The pre- and postoperative data of 104 patients who underwent single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion were collected and analyzed, including 57 males and 47 females, aged (41.2±10.5) years. The 58 of 104 patients received the titanium cage and the remaining 52 patients received the polyetheretherketone cage. Visual analog scale scores and Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores of the lumbar and lower limbs were recorded at 24 hours of postoperative follow-up; CT scan was used to detect bone fusion and cage subsidence. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 12 and 24 months of follow-up, the visual analog scale scores and  Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores of the lumbar and lower limbs were all improved in the two groups compared with the previous (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the two groups. At 12 and 24 months of follow-up, the fusion rates were 94% and 100% in the titanium cage group as well as 74% and 84% in the polyetheretherketone cage group, respectively, and a significant difference was found between the two groups (P=0.012 and P=0.016). At 24 months of follow-up, the subsidence rate was 36% in the titanium cage group and 30% in the polyetheretherketone cage group, and there was no difference between the two groups. These findings indicate that the superiority of polyetheretherketone cages over titanium cages has not been demonstrated. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Vertebroplasty with polymethyl methacrylate bone cement repairs elderly osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures Yang Yong-hui, Sun Hou-jie, Wang Shao-fei, Chao Jian-hu, Lei Xiao-ping 2015, 19 (43):  6958-6961.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.013 Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (929KB) ( 238 )   Save BACKGROUND: Percutaneous vertebroplasty with bone cement injection has the advantages of minimal invasion, short time, effectively restoring vertebral body height, preventing further collapse of the vertebral body and obvious analgesic effect, which has became an effective method for the treatment of elderly osteoporotic compression fractures. OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty with bone cement injection on elderly osteoporotic compression fractures. METHODS: Sixty-two patients with osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fracture, including 22 males and 40 females, aged 55-92 years, involving 86 vertebrae, were included and subjected to percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethyl methacrylate bone cement injection under C-arm X-ray fluoroscopy. During the postoperative follow-up of 12 to 36 months, visual analogue scale scores, Cobb angle and Oswestry disability index scores were compared before and after the treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 12 to 36 months after treatment, there were 11 cases of complications, including 7 cases of bone cement leakage, 2 cases of adjacent vertebral fractures, 1 cases of bone cement tailing and 1 case of unsatisfactory pain relief. In the final follow-up, Cobb angle, visual analogue scale scores, Oswestry disability index scores were significantly improved compared with those before treatment (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that percutaneous vertebroplasty with polymethyl methacrylate bone cement injection in the treatment of elderly osteoporotic compression fractures can not only restore vertebral shape, reduce kyphosis, reconstruct spinal stability, but also significantly reduce the pain caused by fractures and improve the life quality of patients. The curative effects in short and medium term are positive.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Treatment timing for kyphoplasty with bone cement injection in patients with thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures Ding Ke-hai, Ji Biao, Zhou Qi-jia, Sun Yue-bai, Zuo Song-qiu, Wang Qing-gang 2015, 19 (43):  6962-6965.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.014 Abstract ( 252 )   PDF (779KB) ( 388 )   Save BACKGROUND: Related studies have shown that after kyphoplasty with bone cement injection, the vertebral height restoration is closely related to the injury time. Surgical timing also has an important influence on the incidence of postoperative complications. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical efficacy of kyphoplasty with bone cement injection at 2 and 2-4 weeks after thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures, and to investigate the best timing for kyphoplasty. METHODS: Eighty-two thoracolumbar fracture patients, aged 55-85 years old, were included. Thirty-nine cases were subjected to kyphoplasty with bone cement injection within 2 weeks after injury. Another 43 cases were subjected to kyphoplasty with bone cement injection within 2-4 weeks after injury. The visual analog scale score, restoration of anterior and central vertebral height, volume and leakage of bone cement after treatment were compared between two groups. At 6 months after treatment, the daily activities of patients in the two groups were evaluated using Oswestry disability index.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immediately and at the 6th month after treatment, the scores on the visual analog scale and the Oswestry disability index were lower than those before treatment (P < 0.05). The visual analog scale score immediately after treatment in the treatment group within 2 weeks was higher than that in the treatment group within 2-4 weeks (P < 0.05). After 6 months of treatment, there was no significant difference in the restoration rate of anterior and central vertebral height between these two groups, but the loss rate of the anterior and central vertebral height in the treatment group within 2 weeks was lower than that in the treatment group within 2-4 weeks (P < 0.05). Bone cement injection volume and leakage rate had no significant differences between two groups. These results demonstrate that patients appeared to have obvious pain after percutaneous kyphoplasty with bone cement injection within 2 weeks, but the percutaneous kyphoplasty with bone cement injection had small influence on the short-term loss rate of vertebral height. Therefore, percutaneous kyphoplasty with bone cement injection with 2 weeks after injury is the optimal treatment timing for patients with thoracolumbar compression fractures. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimal chroming conditions of two soft magnetic alloys as determined by one-factor experimental method Jiang Rui, Nie Er-min, Zhang Chun-yuan, Zeng Jin-di, Tan Ji-zhou 2015, 19 (43):  6966-6970.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.015 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (1996KB) ( 241 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chroming can improve the corrosion resistance of soft magnetic alloys. OBJECTIVE: To identify the optimal chroming conditions of two soft magnetic alloys, Fe-Cr-Mo and Fe-Ni, so as to improve their corrosion resistance. METHODS: Twelve pieces of square-shaped Fe-Cr-Mo and Fe-Ni soft magnetic alloys were casted in the size of 20 mm×20 mm×2 mm. After sanding and polishing, chrome plating was performed on these specimens and the coating thickness and hardness were measured. The selection factors included electroplate type (hexavalent chromium and trivalent chromium), current density (15, 20, 25, 35, 40, 45 A/dm2) and electroplating time (30, 40, 60 minutes). The optimal chroming conditions were determined by one-factor experimental method and the chrome plating was observed under a scanning electron microscope.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cr6+ coating was significantly better than Cr3+ coating in the aspects of hardness, thickness and uniformity, indicating Cr6+ coating can significantly improve the corrosion resistance of Fe-Cr-Mo and Fe-Ni alloys. For Fe-Cr-Mo soft magnetic alloy, the optimal conditions of Cr6+ coating were as follows: current density of 45 A/dm2 and electroplating time of 60 minutes; the optimal conditions of Cr3+ coating were as follows: current density of 20 A/dm2 and electroplating time of 30 minutes. For Fe-Ni soft magnetic alloys, the optimal conditions of Cr6+ coating were as follows: current density of 35 A/dm2 and electroplating time of 60 minutes; the optimal conditions of Cr3+ coating were as follows: current density of 20 A/dm2 and electroplating time of 40 minutes. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of the remaining amount of tooth on the fracture mode of fiber post-core full crown restoration Nie Er-min, Lu Jie, Jiang Rui, Zhang Chun-yuan, Zeng Jin-di, Tan Ji-zhou 2015, 19 (43):  6971-6976.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.016 Abstract ( 250 )   PDF (948KB) ( 210 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have demonstrated that implantation of pile and different amount of residual tooth can change the stress distribution patterns of the tooth dentin within the residual root, and have an effect on the fracture mode of post-core restoration.  OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of the different amount of residual tooth on the fracture mode under oblique loading conditions in fiber pile composite resin core full crown restoration. METHODS: Forty single rooted premolars extracted from orthodontic patients were divided into four groups after root canal preparation and filling. The plane going through buccal and lingual enamel cementum border midpoint and perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth was taken as the reference plane, so that the remaining amount of the tooth were 0, 1, 2, 3 mm. Fiber pile composite resin core metal full restoration was conducted. After the repair, the oblique loading at 45° and at the rate of 1 mm/min was conducted. Fracture mode and load-displacementcurve when root fracture occurred were recorded.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tooth neck fracture usually occurred in the 0 mm group, and central root fracture usually occurred in the remaining three groups. There was a significant difference in the total fracture mode between    0 mm group and the remaining three groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the total fracture mode between 1, 2 and 3 mm groups (P > 0.05). In oblique loading conditions, when the remaining tooth structure was small, the prosthesis was prone to have dental neck fracture. Fiber posts played a protective role in the tooth root, but the clinical probability of failure increased. The fracture mode was changed with the increase of residual tooth amount, transferring from the neck edge to the root. These results demonstrate that we must retain more tooth tissue from the crown in the restoration of residual root with fiber post-core crown. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composite on the vertebral structure and height Zhang De-sheng, Liu Shu-ping, Liu Yue-hong, Zhou Yu, Chen Xi 2015, 19 (43):  6977-6982.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.017 Abstract ( 263 )   PDF (1087KB) ( 293 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composite is very close to the human cortical bone in terms of mechanical properties, and has osteogenic activity, which is a safe and reliable bone material. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composite bioactive supporting material on the restoration of vertebral structure and height. METHODS: Totally 177 patients with spinal diseases, 116 males and 61 females, aged 17-81 years, were enrolled, including 97 cases of spinal fractures, 5 cases of primary tumors of the spine, 17 cases of spinal tuberculosis and 58 cases of cervical spondylosis. The nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composite bioactive supporting body was filled into the bone grafts of patients and then subjected to anterior decompression and internal fixation. After 36 months of follow-up, imaging analysis, Frankel spinal cord injury classification, bone graft fusion, visual analog scale scores, Short Form 36 and Japanese Orthopedic Association scores were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: During the follow-up, except one patient with cervical spine fracture appeared to have slight supporting body displacement, there was no supporting body prolapse or rupture phenomena. The bone graft fusion rate was 96.0%, the average supporting body sinking distance was 1.7 mm. After treatment, 97 patients with spinal fractures had different degree of improvement in the neurological function (P < 0.05); the visual analog scale scores, Short Form 36 and Japanese Orthopedic Association scores were improved significantly in all the 177 patients compared with before treatment (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that the use of nanohydroxyapatite/polyamide 66 composite bioactive supporting material for spinal reconstruction can improve the bone fusion rate, and restore the vertebral structure and height effectively. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of nanohydroxyapatite/collagen basal bone materials in lumbar posterolateral bone graft fusion: evaluation of pain scores and bone graft fusion effects Li Dai, Yang Ming-min, Sun Yang 2015, 19 (43):  6983-6987.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.018 Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (876KB) ( 252 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nanohydroxyapatite/collagen basal bone materials have a porous structure which is very close to natural bone. After implanting to the human body, it can be gradually degraded and absorbed over time to play a strongly guiding and bridging role. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of nanohydroxyapatite/collagen basal bone materials on lumbar posterolateral bone graft fusion. METHODS: Fifty-eight patients with lumbar disease, including 28 males and 30 females, aged 47 to 81 years were included and were performed lumbar laminectomy via posterior midline approach, or simultaneously performed discectomy and lumbar posterolateral bone graft fusion between transverse process. The bone graft material was nanohydroxyapatite/collagen basal bone repair material. Pedicle screw system was used to make the internal fixation. Patients were followed up for 18 months after treatment. Pain relief and bone graft fusion condition were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fifty-eight patients had successfully completed the treatment. The incisions healed by first intention. The clinical symptoms and signs were significantly improved compared with before treatment. The complications such as infection, screws shifting and loosening, spondylolisthesis and displacement of adjacent vertebral in fixed segments, and the adverse reactions associated with bone graft material were not occurred during the follow-up. At the 1st, 6th, 12th and 18th months after implanting nanohydroxyapatite/collagen basal bone materials, the visual analog scale scores of the lower limbs and waist were all lower than those before implantation (P < 0.05). At the 12th and 18th months of follow-up, the bone graft rates were 84% and 90%, respectively. These results demonstrate that the application of nanohydroxyapatite/collagen basal bone materials in the process of lumbar posterolateral bone graft fusion can ease the symptoms of lower limb pain and lower back pain, which is conducive to bone graft fusion.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Non-absorbable mesh reconstruction for pelvic organ prolapse pelvic floor: therapeutic efficacy and biocompatibility evaluation Wan You-ping 2015, 19 (43):  6988-6992.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.019 Abstract ( 299 )   PDF (903KB) ( 208 )   Save BACKGROUND: Surgical treatment is mostly adopted in the treatment of III-IV pelvic organ prolapse, in which, the appropriate patch can be used to implement the pelvic floor reconstruction so as to reconstruct the pelvic anatomic relationship and restore the normal pelvic organ function. OBJECTIVE: To verify the efficacy and biocompatibility of the non-absorbable mesh reconstruction of the pelvic floor in III-IV pelvic organ prolapse. METHODS: Totally 127 female cases of III-IV pelvic organ prolapse were enrolled, aged 31-81 years. Of the 127 cases, 65 cases undergoing vaginal hysterectomy and anterior and posterior vaginal wall repair served as control group, another 62 cases undergoing pelvic floor reconstruction using non-absorbable mesh acted as observation group. The two groups were observed in the perioperative period and then followed up for 12 months. POP-Q measurement, pelvic floor function and adverse reactions were observed in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The operation time and blood loss in the observation group were less than those in the control group (P < 0.05). After 12 months of follow-up, the results of POP-Q measurement were significantly improved in the both groups compared with the previous (P < 0.05), but there was no difference between the two groups. In addition, pelvic floor static tension, dynamic tension and contraction force were stronger in the observation group than the control group (P < 0.05). In the observation group, there were six cases of mesh corrosion, one case of infection and one case of dysuria. It is indicated that the non-absorbable mesh reconstruction of the pelvic floor can effectively restore the pelvic energy in patients with III-IV pelvic organ prolapse, but there are some adverse reactions such as mesh corrosion. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The cleaning of plaque biofilm on the surface of macromolecule ocular prosthesis material Guo Su-ping, Song Yan, Wang Fan-tao, Xu Xin, Jia Wei 2015, 19 (43):  6993-6997.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.020 Abstract ( 310 )   PDF (965KB) ( 229 )   Save BACKGROUND: The micro-ecological environment has been broken when the ocular prosthesis was inset into the conjunctival sac. The recede of self cleaning function is more conducive to the microbial growth and colonization. The cleaning of plaque biofilm on ocular prosthesis surface affects the patient's wearing comfort and quality of life. It is necessary to seek an effective cleaning method. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clearance effect of five cleaning methods on the palque biofilm on ocular prosthesis surface. METHODS: The conjunctival secretions from 84 patients who were subjected to ocular prosthesis repair were taken for bacterial culture and identification. Fifty pieces of self-curing resin and thermosetting resin artificial eyes were produced. The artificial eyes in each group were randomly divided into five groups, and were cleaned respectively with clear water, volume fraction of 75% ethanol, Boston SIMPLUS, polident and toothpaste. After the completion of the cleaning, the test piece was conducted residual biofilm culture. The clearance effects of different processing modes were evaluated using colony counting method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Eighty-four specimens were submitted for inspection, of which 49 were positive. The Staphylococcus aureus separation rate was 14.29%. Staphylococcus epidermidis separation rate accounted for 13.10%. Maxwell Corynebacterium separation rate accounted for 7.14%. When water, Boston SIMPLUS and toothpaste were used for cleaning, the Staphylococcus aureus colony number in the self-curing resin group was higher than that in the thermosetting resin group (P < 0.05); when ethanol and polident were used for cleaning, there was no difference in the Staphylococcus aureus colony number between these two groups. In self-curing resin, the colony count in the clear water treatment group was higher than that in the other treatment groups (P < 0.05). The colony count in the ethanol treatment group was lower than that in the Boston SIMPLUS group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the colony count between other groups. In thermosetting resin, the colony count in the clear water treatment group was higher than that in the other treatment groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the colony count between other groups. These results demonstrate that ethanol, Boston SIMPLUS, polident and toothpaste have better cleaning effects on Staphylococcus aureus biofilms on the surface of two kinds of ocular prostheses than the clear water rinse. Overall, it is encouraged to clean the artificial eyes using polident and Boston SIMPLUS, in order to avoid the occurrence of microbial infection in the conjunctival sac after wearing ocular prosthesis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of in vitro cytotoxicity between calcium alginate hemostatic dressing and three kinds of commonly used clinical hemostatic dressings Chu Xiao-xia, Wang Bin, Wang Hai-tao, Chen Hao, Cui Fei-yan 2015, 19 (43):  6998-7003.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.021 Abstract ( 419 )   PDF (1335KB) ( 275 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hemostatic dressing can directly contact with the body tissues on the wound surface. The biocompatibility is one of the important indicators of evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of dressing. The hemostatic dressing prepared with calcium alginate as raw material has become a research focus owing to its low cost and good compatibility. OBJECTIVE: To observe the cytotoxicity of calcium alginate hemostatic dressings and to compare the cytotoxicity between calcium alginate hemostatic dressing and gelatin hemostatic sponge, absorbing cotton, ordinary gauze. METHEDS: Leaching solution method: the DMEM high glucose culture solution was taken as the leaching medium. The calcium alginate hemostatic dressing, gelatin hemostatic sponge, absorbing cotton and ordinary gauze leaching solution were respectively prepared. Five concentration gradients of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, 50% were set. The fibroblast cells of L-929 mouse were cultured for 24 hours with the above material leaching solution. The volume fraction of 10% DMEM high glucose culture medium was taken as control group, and DMEM high glucose culture medium containing 5% DMSO was taken as positive control group to observe the cell proliferation and morphological changes. Direct contact method: The fibroblast cells of L-929 mouse were respectively seeded in calcium alginate hemostatic dressing, gelatin hemostatic sponge, absorbing cotton and ordinary gauze and cultured for 24 hours. The changes in cell morphology were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Leaching solution method: The cytotoxicity of alginate fiber hemostatic dressing, gauze, absorbing cotton leaching solution with different concentration gradients was grade 1, which was in line with GB/T16886/ ISO10993 biological evaluation standard of medical apparatus and instruments. The cytotoxicity of 100%, 75% gelatin hemostatic sponge extract solution was grade 3, causing severe inhibition of cell proliferation. Direct contact method: The cytotoxicity of gauze and alginate fiber hemostatic dressing was grade 1, absorbing cotton was grade 2, gelatin hemostatic sponge was grade 3. These results demonstrate that calcium alginate hemostatic dressing has no cytotoxicity.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and performance of three kinds of thermoresponsive acellular carriers An Shuai-xing, Yu Mei-li, Guo Hong-yue, Li Tan, Li Yang 2015, 19 (43):  7004-7009.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.022 Abstract ( 276 )   PDF (968KB) ( 249 )   Save BACKGROUND: To design and fabricate a novel three-dimensional thermoresponsive polymer cell scaffold is one of the hot topics in the research of polymer science. OBJECTIVE: To prepare three different kinds of thermoresponsive acellular carriers and to evaluate their performance. METHODS: The copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide temperature acellular scaffold, macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide temperature acellular scaffold and macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide crosslinking aldehyde sodium alginate thermoresponsive acellular scaffold were prepared. The specific surface area, thermoresponsive performance, porosity, pore size and biocompatibility of these three groups of scaffolds were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The specific surface area of copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide  thermoresponsive acellular scaffold, macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide thermoresponsive acellular scaffold and macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide crosslinking aldehyde sodium alginate thermoresponsive cellular scaffold was respectively 135, 386, 421 m2/g. The lower critical solution temperature was 30, 28.5, 29.5 ℃. The cell toxicity reaction was respectively grade 2, 2, 1. These indicators showed that the three kinds of scaffolds were provided with a temperature-sensitive characteristics and similar lower critical solution temperature. The biocompatibility of macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide crosslinking aldehyde sodium alginate thermoresponsive acellular scaffold was significantly better than the other two scaffolds. The porosity and pore size of macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide thermoresponsive acellular scaffold and macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide crosslinking aldehyde sodium alginate thermoresponsive acellular scaffold were greater than those of the copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide thermoresponsive acellular scaffold (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide thermoresponsive acellular scaffold and macroporous copolymer N-isopropylacrylamide crosslinking aldehyde sodium alginate thermoresponsive acellular scaffold have more obvious pore structure.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Structural properties influence the osteoinduction of calcium phosphate ceramics Meng Lei, Zhen Ping, Liang Xiao-yan, Cao Xue-fei 2015, 19 (43):  7010-7016.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.023 Abstract ( 221 )   PDF (1055KB) ( 355 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently, the mechanism by which calcium phosphate ceramics induces osteogenesis is not fully understood, and many scholars have tried to expound the mechanism from the perspective of the structural properties. OBJECTIVE: To review how the structural properties of calcium phosphate ceramics affect their osteoinductive activity. METHODS: The PubMed database and Google academic database (1997-01/2015-03) were searched to retrieve the related articles about the structural properties of calcium phosphate ceramics affecting their osteoinductive activity. After the articles with outdated reviews or repetitive contents were ruled out, 60 articles were suitable for further analysis and review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The structural properties of calcium phosphate ceramics are displayed by macrostructure, such as macropores, holes, pipes and space between particles, and microstructure, such as micropore, particle size, surface roughness, specific surface area. Each parameter of the structural properties affects the bioactivities of calcium phosphate ceramics in some way, which renders their abilities of inducing osteogenesis to arise from nothing or change from weakly to strongly. Apart from structure design, physical and chemical properties of calcium phosphate ceramics will also affect its biological activity in vivo. Therefore, the physicochemical properties of calcium phosphate ceramics should be considered in the structure design in order to achieve an optimal osteoinductive activity. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Calcium phosphate as a scaffold for repair of osteochondral defects Cai Zhu-yun, Peng Fan, Zi Yun-peng, Wu Hai-shan, Qian Qi-rong 2015, 19 (43):  7017-7022.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.024 Abstract ( 207 )   PDF (929KB) ( 225 )   Save BACKGROUND: Calcium phosphate has the similar mineral component of natural bones with good bioactivity, osteoconductivity and degradability. It has been widely used in bone defect repair and coatings of implants. OBJECTIVE: To review the major properties of different-phase calcium phosphate and to summarize the application of calcium phosphate in scaffolds for osteochondral tissue engineering. METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed, CNKI and VIP database was performed for relevant articles published from January 2000 to February 2015 with the key words of “osteochondral; calcium phosphate (including hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, calcium polyphosphate); tissue engineering” in Chinese and English, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Since the calcium phosphate has a variety of phases and crystalline types, a variety of materials with different structure and size can be obtained using different techniques, such as hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate, calcium polyphosphate, amorphous calcium phosphate. These materials have some differences in their biological and mechanical properties, and hydroxyapatite is the most widely used. Biocomposite scaffolds with calcium phosphates appeared to have promising potential in osteochondral tissue engineering. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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A wound dressing made of nanosilver and bacterial cellulose  Nan Fang, Lai Chen, Xi Ting-fei 2015, 19 (43):  7023-7028.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.025 Abstract ( 432 )   PDF (919KB) ( 271 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, bacterial cellulose modified by nano-composite technology has been endowed with new properties. OBJECTIVE: To review the combination of bacterial cellulose and nanosilver to prepare wound dressing. METHODS: A computer-online search was performed in PubMed (2013-01/2015-04) and CNKI (2007-01/2015-04) databases to retrieve studies on bacterial cellulose, nanosilver and their compound method and application using the key words of “bacterial cellulose, nano-silver” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bacterial cellulose/nano-silver compound can be prepared by three methods: solution impregnation, in situ composite and biocomposite. Solution impregnation method can lower the concentration of nanosilver ions in the fiber matrix to highly control the release of silver ions, but the genetic toxicity and biocompatibility are unclear. In situ composite method can reduce the damage to the mesh structure of cellulose on which silver ions can be bonded firmly to reduce the toxic damage to cells, but the reducing agent used has a higher toxicity, which is difficult to remove. Biocomposite method cannot produce toxic substance, which is friendly to the environment, and the synthetic biomaterials have less harm to the human body and can be controlled highly.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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3D printing technology in the construction of tissue-engineered myocardium, heart valve, great vessels and vascular net Wang Lu, Hu Wei-jie, Nie Hao, Sun Xiao-xi, Hong Xian, Xi Jiao-ya 2015, 19 (43):  7029-7034.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.026 Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (866KB) ( 404 )   Save BACKGROUND: The 3D printing that has high-level bionic ability and reproduces subtle and complex structure has been widely used in orthopedics, plastic surgery, medical repair and diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. OBJECTIVE: To review the research about development, advantages and existing problems of the 3D printing technology in building heart valves, blood vessels, tissue-egnieered myocardial tissue and cardiovascular disease models in recent years and to prospect its clinical applications. METHODS: The PubMed and CNKI databases were searched by the first author for related papers about 3D printing and cardiovascular system published from April 2013 to April 2015. The key words were “3D printing, cardiovascular system, rapid prototyping” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Currently, the 3D printing technology has be applied widely in cardiovascular system research, and achieved a breakthrough in aspects of constructing tissue-engineered myocardium, heart valve, great vessels and vascular net. The 3D printing can be improved gradually from the laboratory application to the clinical application. However, there are still many important issues to be solved. One of the key issues is how to guarantee the blood supply of the targeted organs or tissue. Currently, the basic blood supply of the printed tissues and organs is achieved by the printing tube structure. However, to build the regional microcirculation should be improved because the image reconstruction technique is not suitable to imitate the ultrastructure of capillary.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of tissue engineering scaffolds in neural repair Han Qian-qian, Wang Peng-rui, Wang Chun-ren, Yang Zhao-peng, Wang Hong 2015, 19 (43):  7035-7040.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.027 Abstract ( 183 )   PDF (1005KB) ( 255 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering scaffolds can create proper nerve regeneration microenvironment, enrich nutritional factors for nerve regeneration and promote axonal growth. OBJECTIVE: To review the progress of tissue engineering scaffolds in nerve repair in recent years. METHODS: A computer-based retrieval was performed to search full-text articles addressing tissue engineering scaffolds used to repair nerve damage published from 2009 to 2014 in PubMed databases using the keywords of “nerve regeneration, prostheses and implants” as well as articles published from 2004 to 2014 in CNKI database using the keywords of “nerve repair, material” in Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Currently, scaffold materials for nerve damage mainly include natural materials, naturally derived materials, synthetic materials and composites, all of which have their own advantages and disadvantages. By chemical crosslinkers or chemical modification, the naturally derived polymer can be combined with other natural or synthetic composite materials, to improve their physicochemical and biological properties, i.e., the composite scaffolds have better effects than single materials in nerve regeneration. Therefore the current research focus is composite materials. In clinical research, collagen scaffold for nerve repair has entered the clinical research stage. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and biomedical application of superparamagnetic iron oxide Chen Zhu, Shang Quan-liang, Xiao En-hua 2015, 19 (43):  7041-7046.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.028 Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (1027KB) ( 245 )   Save BACKGROUND: Superparamagnetic iron oxide has been widely used in biomedical applications, especially in the field of targeted diagnosis and therapy. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the physicochemical property, preparation, surface modification, product testing and biomedical applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide. METHODS: In order to search relevant articles about the physicochemical property and biomedical applications of superparamagnetic iron oxide from PubMed, Sciencedirect, CNKI and Wanfang databases (from 2000 to 2014), a computer-based search was performed using the keywords of “superparamagnetic iron oxide, preparation, coprecipitation, surface modification, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agent, fluorescent tracing, targeted therapy” in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The superparamagnetic iron oxide can be produced in the laboratory, and the preparation methods include hydrothermal method, vapor deposition method, mechanical milling method, liquid-phase microwave dielectric heating method, sol-gel method, emulsion method, co-precipitation method. Moreover, the superparamagnetic iron oxide can have different properties by surface modification and be applied in many biomedical fields, such as magnetic resonance contrast agent, fluorescent tracer, nanoparticle targeted therapy, hyperthermia and bioseparation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of a new skin-stretching device Dang Zheng-jie, Zhang Bao-quan, Wang Shou-feng, Yang Xin-gang, Gao Wei 2015, 19 (43):  7047-7052.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.43.029 Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (1012KB) ( 188 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previously deep burn wound or skin defects are generally repaired with skin grafting or flap of skin grafting. Obvious scar hyperplasia usually appears after operation, which requires multiple surgeries. Meanwhile, patients have to suffer from great pain and bear high cost. OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effects on deep wounds by continuous traction of self-designed skin-stretching device (patent No. ZL 2012 2 0022443.7). METHODS: Thirty patients with deep burn wound, skin defect or funicular scar were enrolled, including 22 males and 8 females, aged 18-49 years, and randomly divided into two groups. Skin-stretching device was adopted for skin traction treatment. Twenty cases underwent skin traction from 1 kg pulling force to 5 kg, with an increase of  1 kg per 2 days, 6 hours a day for 10 days. Blood flow at the beginning, 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60 minutes of the skin traction, and the changes of wound edge skin as well as histological changes of the skin were observed. Of the remaining 10 cases, 2, 6, and 2 cases underwent skin traction of 2, 4, 7 kg, respectively. Blood flow and skin changes were also observed to find out the most suitable and safe force. RESULTS AND CONLUSION: All the 30 cases achieved primary healing without necrosis of skin, infection or peripheral circulatory disorders, and the appearance and function recovered well. The healing time was 8-24 days. The skin-stretching device was most safe under 4 kg pulling force, by which, there was neither blood circulation obstacle nor tear of skin. After traction, the skin blood flow and the number of cells increased, especially the epithelial basal cells. The collagen fibers became thicker and denser, and the elastic fibers regenerated significantly; the fibroblasts and capillary density increased. It has been proved that we can better close the wound and reduce scar formation effectively with the self-designed skin-stretching device for skin traction.  中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程 Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics