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    30 June 2015, Volume 19 Issue 27 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    Establishment of animal models of diabetic cardiomyopathy
    Liu Wen-qi, Dai Hong-yan, Xing Ming-qing, Guan Jun, Wang Yan-ping
    2015, 19 (27):  4265-4270.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.001
    Abstract ( 525 )   PDF (2955KB) ( 316 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Diabetic cardiomyopathy, a serious complication of diabetes, is an important factor of increased mortality in patients with diabetes. Therefore, providing an effective experimental animal model is particularly important for studying the pathogenesis and treatment methods of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the method of establishing Wistar rat models of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
    METHODS: Forty rats were randomly divided into the control group (n=10) and diabetic cardiomyopathy group (n=30). The rats in the diabetic cardiomyopathy group were intraperitoneally injected with 60 mg/kg streptozotocin at a time to establish rat models of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The rats in the control group were given the same dosage of citric acid buffer by the same way. The rats in these two groups were all fed with non-fat high-sugar normal diet.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, after 3 weeks of injection with streptozotocinin in rat models of diabetic cardiomyopathy,  blood glucose level was significantly increased, myocardial cells arranged in disorder, the nuclei were of different sizes, collagen content in the myocardial tissue was significantly increased, and collagen fibers were thick and disordered. In addition, the mRNA and protein levels of transforming growth factor β1 and type I collagen, two indices reflecting myocardial fibrosis, were markedly increased. These results indicate that intraperitoneally injecting large doses of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) at a time and feeding with non-fat high-sugar normal diet could establish a stable rat model of type 1 diabetic cardiomyopathy. This method is safe and effective with high feasibility.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Protective effect of ischemic postconditioning on rat models of lung ischemia/reperfusion injury
    Sun Lei, Li Wen-ya, Liu Wen-ke, Zhang Lin
    2015, 19 (27):  4271-4276.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.002
    Abstract ( 348 )   PDF (4604KB) ( 269 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Pneumonectomy, extracorporeal circulation, lung transplantation and pulmonary embolism can cause ischemia/reperfusion injury of lung tissue. Lung ischemia/reperfusion injury is an important factor of lung function disorders after lung transplantation.
    OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effect of ischemic postconditioning on rat models of lung ischemia/reperfusion injury.
    METHODS: Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into sham, ischemia/reperfusion and ischemic postconditioning groups (n=8 rats/group) to establish the lung ischemia/reperfusion injury model. The rats in the sham group were only subjected to separation of the hilum of left lung and pulmonary arteries and veins, without blocking. The rats in the ischemia/reperfusion group were subjected to another 2 hours of reperfusion after 1 hour of lung ischemia. The rats in the ischemic postconditioning group were first subjected to 30 seconds of lung ischemia and 30 seconds of reperfusion for three times, and then to 2 hours of reperfusion. After the experiment, the specimens of lung tissue were obtained to detect the wet/dry weight ratio of lung tissue, activities of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and myeloperoxidase, the contents of inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6, and the histopathological changes of lung tissue were observed.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the sham group, the wet/dry weight ratio of lung tissue, activities of myeloperoxidase and myeloperoxidase, the levels of tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the ischemia/reperfusion and ischemic postconditioning groups, however, the increase levels of these indices were not significant in the ischemic postconditioning group, and the contents and activities in the ischemic postconditioning group were all significantly decreased (P < 0.05) compared with those in the ischemia/reperfusion group. In the ischemia/reperfusion and ischemic postconditioning groups, the activity of superoxide dismutase was obviously lower than that in the sham group, however, the activity of superoxide dismutase in the ischemic postconditioning group was obviously higher than that in the ischemia/reperfusion group. Pathological examination showed that thickened alveolar wall, edema and a large amont of inflammatory cell infiltrations were observed in the lung tissue of rats in the ischemia/reperfusion group. The degrees of alveolar wall thickening and edema in the lung tissue of rats in the ischemic postconditioning group were mild compared with the ischemia/reperfusion group, and in addition, some inflammatory cells were infiltrated. The histopathological scores of lung tissue in the ischemic postconditioning group were lower than those in the ischemia/reperfusion group. These results suggest that ischemic postconditioning plays its protective role on rat models of ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting inflammatory cell accumulation, oxygen free radical production and pro-inflammatory cytokine release after ischemia/reperfusion injury. 

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Construction of nude mouse models bearing subcutaneous tumors: human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63, U2OS and 143B
    Wu Li-mei, Wu Shao-guo, Chen Wei-wen, Zhou Lan, Zhu Jin-mei, Bao Bei
    2015, 19 (27):  4277-4281.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.003
    Abstract ( 2459 )   PDF (1264KB) ( 1291 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: A variety of cell lines participate in the construction of animal models of osteosarcoma.
    OBJECTIVE: To compare the abilities of subcutaneous tumorigenesis of human osteosarcoma cell lines MG63, U2OS and 143B in nude mice, and to establish the basis for experimental studies on osteosarcoma.
    METHODS: A total of 18 nude mice were randomly divided into MG63, U2OS and 143B groups. The back of nude mice was subcutaneously injected with MG63, U2OS and 143B cell lines in corresponding groups, and the process of tumorigenesis was observed.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MG63 and U2OS could not induce subcutaneous tumorigenesis in nude mice. Tumors were observed after injection with 143B cells for (6±1) days, with the tumor formation rate of 100% (6/6). The tumor grew very fast. The mean volume of tumors was (3 475±1 544) mm3 at 2 months. The survival time of nude mice burdened with tumors was (68±10) days. Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that in tumor tissue, cancer cells formed nest shape, nuclei were big and darkly stained, and split mostly. These results suggested that 143B cell line could well induce subcutaneous tumorigenesis, which could be used for animal research of osteosarcoma. 

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Changes in the myocardial and liver tissues of exercise-induced fatigue rats after acupuncturing different acupoints 
    Ma Hai-feng, Wu Ying, Yang Rui
    2015, 19 (27):  4282-4287.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.004
    Abstract ( 433 )   PDF (896KB) ( 332 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: According to the theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, stimulating certain acupoints of the body after exercise may improve its antioxidant capacity, but different acupoints have different effects.
    OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of different acupuncture combinations on the antioxidant capacity of myocardial and liver tissues in rats after exhausted swimming exercise, and screen out the optimal acupoint combination for exercise-induced fatigue.  
    METHODS: Seventy Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into five groups: control group (n=10), model group (n=15), Sanyinjiao + Zusanli group (n=15), Shenshu + Zusanli group (n=15), Dazhui + Zusanli group (n=15). Except the control group, rats in the other four groups were subject to exhausted swimming. In the three acupuncture groups, rats were given acupuncture at corresponding acupint combinations at 15 minutes after exercise.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the myocardial and liver tissues were significantly reduced in the model group, while the malonaldehyde content in cardiac muscle was significantly increased. Compared with the model group, the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in the cardiac muscle were significantly increased in Sanyinjiao + Zusanli group, the superoxide dismutase in liver tissue was significantly increased in Shenshu Zusanli group, the malonaldehyde content in the myocardial tissue was significantly decreased in Sanyinjiao + Zusanli group and Dazhui + Zusanli group, the malonaldehyde content in the liver tissue was significantly decreased in Sanyinjiao + Zusanli group. Different acupuncture combinations have different effects on the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as the malonaldehyde content in the myocardial and liver tissues of fatigued rats. Acupunture could increase the antioxidant ability in cardiac muscle of rats and the best combination might be Dazhui + Zusanli; acupoint combinations of Shenshu + Zusanli and Sanyinjiao + Zusanli are specific for liver tissue.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Cardiomyocyte apoptosis in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury after Exendin-4 pretreatment 
    Li Wen-kai, Shang Bin, Lian Xiao-peng, Ma Jie
    2015, 19 (27):  4288-4292.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.005
    Abstract ( 316 )   PDF (950KB) ( 490 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Exendin can regulate blood glucose, blood lipid and blood pressure, exert anti-inflammation and anti-oxidative stress effects, improve myocardial infarction and heart failure, and protect heart vessels. However, the effect on the apoptosis of cardiac muscle cells after ischemia/reperfusion injury remains unclear.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Exendin-4 pretreatment on the cardiomyocyte apoptosis and the expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in rats with myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
    METHODS: The myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury model was established in rats and then received Exendin-4 pretreatment. Ischemia/reperfusion group and sham operation group were set.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immunohistochemical staining, TUNEL and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction results showed that Bcl-2 protein and mRNA expression levels in the Exendin-4 group were significantly increased (P < 0.05), while Bax protein and mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased compared with ischemia/reperfusion group (P < 0.05). In addition, apoptosis index was more significantly decreased in the Exendin-4 group than in the ischemia/reperfusion group (P < 0.05). Exendin-4 can protect rat heart muscle against ischemia/reperfusion injury and effectively inhibit the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes, and the underlying mechanism is mediated by up-regulating Bcl-2 expression and down-regulating Bax expression.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Expression of early growth response factor 1 and tissue factor in rats with carotid artery injury 
    Zhang Xi, Miao Chi
    2015, 19 (27):  4293-4298.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.006
    Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (2974KB) ( 448 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: DNA enzyme targeting early growth response factor 1 (Egr-1) mRNA (ED5) can inhibit expression of downstream target genes by specifically inhibiting expression of early growth response factor 1.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of ED5 on the expression of plasma tissue factor after vascular balloon injury in rats and the mechanism of inhibiting neointimal hyperplasia.
    METHODS: Intimal injury models of the left carotid artery were made in rats. Then, ED5, MgCl2 and FuGene6 were injected into the injured vascular segment.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At days 3, 7, 14, 21, the expression levels of Egr-1 and tissue factor in plasma were significantly down-regulated in the ED5 transfection group compared with the MgCl2 and FuGene6 groups (P < 0.01); and neointimal hyperplasia was significantly inhibited by ED5 at days 7, 14 and 21 after modeling
    (P < 0.01). ED5 may inhibit neointimal hyperplasia following balloon injury of rat common carotid artery through down-regulation of tissue factors.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Construction of rabbit models of radiation-induced brain injury and selection of magnetic resonance parameters
    Lang Xiao-yan, Shao Guo-liang, Sun Jing-jing, Shi Lei, Fan Lin-yin
    2015, 19 (27):  4299-4303.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.007
    Abstract ( 400 )   PDF (6715KB) ( 300 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Radiation-induced brain injury has recently become an increasing area of research, in particular in animal experimental studies. Domestic and international researches show that there have been no uniform scanning parameters used for examination of animal models of radiation-induced brain injury by magnetic resonance imaging. In this study, we performed magnetic resonance imaging in rabbits to determine related sequence parameters.
    OBJECTIVE: To establish the New Zealand rabbit models of radiation-induced brain injury, and obtain the brain magnetic resonance images of rabbits using LOOP7 coil, so as to provide experimental evidence for diagnosis of radiation-induced brain injury by magenetic resonance imaging.
    METHODS: Each of T2-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and magnetic susceptibility-weighted imaging were performed several times through the use of LOOP7 coil, to determine the optimal scanning parameters for each sequence. Rabbit models of radiation-induced brain injury were established and then their right hemispheres were irradiated using 6 MV X-rays at a single dose of 40, 80 and 120 Gy. The daily performance and dynamic magnetic resonance signs of rabbits were observed. The brain tissue was taken for pathological examination once abnormal magnetic resonance findings were observed or after 20 weeks of follow-up. 
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Only one rabbit model in the 40 Gy group had subdural hemorrhage. In the 
    80 Gy group, abnormal T2-weight imaging signals were observed in all rabbit models, which were pathologically confirmed as scattered degenerated neurons and infiltrated neutrophils. The abnormal signals that gradually expanded over time were seen in rabbits from the 120 Gy group by magnetic resonance imaging and were pathologically confirmed as radiation-induced brain injury loci. The results confirm that establishing rat models of radiation-induced brain injury using radiation therapy system can better simulate the pathological process of radiation-induced brain injury; moreover, this model can be applied to receive routine magnetic resonance examination with LOOP7 coil.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Effects of electroacupuncture intervention on angiogenesis in rat models of cerebral infraction constructed by suture method
    Jin Zhe-feng, Shi Lei, Du Yuan-hao
    2015, 19 (27):  4304-4308.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.008
    Abstract ( 303 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The state of ischemic penumbra after cerebral infraction determines the final infarct volume. Decreased selective gene expression and protein synthesis, lactic acidosis and cytotoxic edema, salvage therapy of nerve cells, and continous regulation of neurovascular unit in the ischemic penumbra are areas of interest for recovery of neurological function.
    OBJECTIVE: Taking the neoangiogenesis process of post-infarction as the research point, to investigate the basic law of neovascularization with time and the effect of electroacupuncture intervention on proliferation of local blood vessels.
    METHODS: Ninety-six Wistar rats were randomly and evenly divided into model and electroacupuncture groups. 
    The rat models of middle cerebral artery infarction were established by suture method. Immediately after modeling, the rats in the electroacupuncture group were given electrical stimulation (15 Hz, 1mA, 20 minutes) at the Renzhong (Du26) acupoint. The rats in the model group received similar procedures with the exception of no treatment. The angiogenesis was observed using double-immunofluorescence labeling for von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and Ki-67 antibodies at 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 hours and 3, 7, 12 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the model group, vascular endothelial cell proliferation in the peri-infarct region was not observed at 3, 6 and 12 hours, occurred at 24 hours, increased at 48 hours, reached a maximum at 3 days, began to decrease at 7 days, and disappeared at 12 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. In the electroacupuncture group, vascular endothelial cell proliferation in the peri-infarct region was not observed at 3 and 6 hours, occurred at 12 hours, increased at 24 and 48 hours, peaked at 3 days, began to decerase at 7 days, and disappeared at 12 days after middle cerebral artery occlusion. Compared with the model group, the time at which vascular endothelial cell proliferation started was earlier, and the number of proliferated vascular endothelial cells was greater in the electroacupuncture group. Vascular endothelial cell proliferation in the infarcted regions and contralateral hemisphere was not observed in either group at all designated time points. These results demonstrate that electroacupuncture intervention can improve the prognosis of cerebral infarction by promoting the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells in the peri-infarct region and advancing the time at which vascular endothelial cell proliferation started in rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion. 

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Construction of mouse models of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and the expression of γ-interferon, Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 
    Gao Xiao-tian, Wang Zheng, Song Ze-qing, Zhang Dong-mei, Zhang Ya-nan
    2015, 19 (27):  4309-4315.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.009
    Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (1287KB) ( 363 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Pulmonary aspergillosis is a disease caused by pulmonary fungal infection. Its diagnosis and treatment is usually delayed because of nonspecific clinical symptoms, physicial sign and imaging changes as well as uncertainties of histological and bacterial findings. Therefore, it is necessary to establish mouse models of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis to investigate the underlying pathological mechanism and novel therapeutic methods.
    OBJECTIVE: To establish mouse models of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, detect the expression of 
    γ-interferon, Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4, and discuss the mechanism of action underlying invasive pulmonary aspergillosis.
    METHODS: Seventy-five female BALB/c mice of clean grade, aged 6-8 weeks, were randomly and evenly divided into five groups: blank control group (group A), immunosuppressive model group treated with high concentrations of Aspergillus fumigatus spore suspension (group B), normal infection group treated with high concentration of Aspergillus fumigatus spore suspension (group C), immunosuppressive model group treated with low concentration of Aspergillus fumigatus spore suspension (group D), normal infection group treated with low concentration of Aspergillus fumigatus spore suspension (group E). First, mice in the groups B and D were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide to establish immunosuppressive models. The mice in the groups D, E (108 cfu/mL) and groups B, C (109 cfu/mL) were treated with 12 mL Aspergillus fumigatus spore suspension through the use of nebulizer. Mice in the group A were treated identically with sterile PBS. At 1, 3, 5 days of infection, the pathological change of lung tissue was observed, the mass concentration of γ-interferon in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the expression levels of γ-interferon mRNA and Toll-like receptor 2 and Toll-like receptor 4 mRNA and protein in the lung tissue were determined.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Abscess, spores and very severe bleeding and congestion, widenened alveolar septum and tracheal epithelial cell shedding and necrosis were observed in the mouse lung tissue in the group B. At 5 days of infection, the mass concentration of γ-interferon in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the expression of γ-interferon mRNA in the lung tissue in the group B were significantly decreased compared with the group A (P < 0.05). Toll-like receptor 2 expression was strongly positive in the group B. Toll-like receptor 2 expression in the group C was significantly lower than that in the group B (P < 0.05). Toll-like receptor 4 expression was positive in the groups B and C, and its expression in the group C was significantly greater than in the group B (P < 0.05). The expression of Toll-like receptor 2, 4 mRNA in the mouse lung tissue of group B was significantly increased at 1, 3, 5 days of infection (P < 0.05). These results suggest that atomizing high concentration of aspergillus fumigatus spore suspension to immunosuppressive mice can establish stable invasive pulmonary aspergillosis models with typical pathological features. The infection of aspergillus fumigatus can activate toll-like receptor 2, 4 at the same time, and the pathological mechanism is closely related to organism’s immune defense function. 

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Variations on nerve regeneration microenvironment and motor function of rat models of spinal cord injury under mild hypothermia 
    Zhang Jian-jun, Shi Huan-chang, Yang Wei-shan, Wang Dong
    2015, 19 (27):  4316-4321.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.010
    Abstract ( 408 )   PDF (1017KB) ( 363 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Clinical studies have demonstrated that systemic mild hypothermia could significantly reduce the disability and mortality rate of patients with severe traumatic brain injury. In recent years, the researches about the treatment of spinal cord injury by mild hypothermia have been successively carried out.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of mild hypothermia on nerve regeneration microenvironment after spinal cord injury and explore the possible underlying mechanism of nerve regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord injury in rats.
    METHODS: Twenty out of sixty-seven rats were randomly selected as the sham group, and other rats were used to establish spinal cord injury models in T9 segment using modified Allen's method. Three rats were excluded for failure in spinal cord injury induction and four rats for death during modeling. The rest 40 rats were randomly and evenly divided into the spinal cord injury and mild hypothermia groups (n=20 rats/group). The rats in the sham and spinal cord injury groups were placed in the operating table with normal temperature, making their rectal temperature at 37.0±0.5 ℃ for 72 hours. The rats in the mild hypothermia group were placed on ice blanket machine, making their rectal temperature at 34.0±0.5 ℃ for 72 hours, then the temperature was naturally rewarmed.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with spinal cord injury group, the apoptosis index and the level of aquaporin 4/9 mRNA and protein expression in spinal cord injury tissue were all decreased, somatosensory evoked potential latency and amplitude were recovered, and the motor functional scores were increased in the mild hypothermia group. These results indicate that mild hypothermia play its protective effect on spinal cord injury through attenuating apoptosis of neural cells and decreasing aquaporin 4/9 mRNA and protein expression levels.  

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    The increased activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 and gradual degradation of claudin in rat models of middle cerebral artery ischemia 
    Liang Jia,Qi Zhi-feng, Shi Wen-juan, Liu Ke-jian
    2015, 19 (27):  4322-4327.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.011
    Abstract ( 343 )   PDF (1161KB) ( 356 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: During the process of acute brain injury after stroke, matrix metalloproteinase can undermine the integrity of vascular basement membrane, promote the migration of neutrophils and inflammatory factors, and cause secondary brain injury.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 and the degradation rule of claudin in rat models of middle cerebral artery ischemia at different ischemic durations.
    METHODS: Thirty-nine male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups according to different ischemic 
    durations (3, 5 and 7 hours) . Middle cerebral artery occlusion (stroke) model was established using modified suture method, i.e., separation of the external carotid artery, inserting the suture into the internal carotid artery through the external carotid artery, and eventually reaching the middle cerebral artery. The ischemic duration in these three groups was respectively 3 , 5 and 7 hours. After 2 hours of reperfusion, Zea-Longa score and Ludmila Belayev score, brain infarct area, matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 activities and claudin 5 degradation were determined in each group.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the extension of ischemic duration, brain infarct area gradually increased, central nervous system damage gradually aggravated, matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 activities gradually increased, and claudin-5 expression gradually decreased. There were significant differences between any two ischemic durations in terms of each of above-mentioned indices. The results indicate that after long duration of ischemia, the progressive damage of brain tissue can cause the gradual increase of activation of matrix metalloproteinase 2/9 and the gradual degradation of claudin 5.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Effects of melatonin on expression of GluR2 in the hippocampus and cognitive function of rat models of epilepsy 
    Xu Yan, Tian Zi-liang, Pang Bin
    2015, 19 (27):  4328-4332.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.012
    Abstract ( 351 )   PDF (889KB) ( 317 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Current research data have shown that patients with epilepsy are often accompanied by complications such as cognitive impairment. Recent studies have demonstrated that melatonin has an inhibitory effect on epilepsy, but its underlying mechanism is unknown.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of melatonin on the cognitive function and GluR2 expression in the hippocampus of rat models of epilepsy, and further study the mechanism of melatonin against epilepsy.
    METHODS: Rat models of chronic epilepsy were established by intraperitoneal injection of lithium chloride-pilocarpine, and intraperitoneally injected with sufficient amount of physiological saline and melatonin respectively. Control group was set for observation.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 4 and 6 weeks after modeling, the GluR2 expression level in the hippocampus of rats in the epilepsy + melatonin group was significantly higher than that in the epilepsy group (P < 0.05); the GluR2 expression level in the synaptic membrane of hippocampal CA1 region of rats in the control and 
    epilepsy + melatonin groups was significantly higher than that in the epilepsy group (P < 0.05). At 4 days after modeling, compared with epilepsy group and epilepsy + physiological saline group, the escape latency, operation time, active avoidance latency, passive avoidance latency of rats in the epilepsy + melatonin group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), the correct rate and active avoidance number were significantly increased (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that melatonin can improve the cognitive function of rat models of epilepsy by up-regulating the expression of GluR2 in the synaptic membrane of hippocampal CA1 region. 

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion: variation of nerve regeneration microenvironment in infarcted brain areas and recovery of rat neurological function
    Liu Pei, Liu Bao-bin
    2015, 19 (27):  4333-4338.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.013
    Abstract ( 458 )   PDF (979KB) ( 361 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: At home and abroad, a large number of studies have demonstrated that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can evoke changes in cortical excitability that can be sustained beyond the time of stimulation, which provides a new research direction for application of magnetic stimulation in rehabilitation treatment for cerebral infarction. However, its long-term clinical efficacy and safety deserve further investigation.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on nerve regeneration microenvironment in the infarcted cerebral area and rat neurological functional recovery after cerebral infarction.
    METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into model group, sham stimulation group and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group (80%, 100% and 120% motor threshold subgroups). Right middle cerebral artery occlusion models were established in rats by the intraluminal suture method. At 24 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion, 20 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was performed in each repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation subgroup at the designated motor thresholds. Rats in the sham stimulation group underwent sham stimulation, while the model group rats were not given any treatment.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Seven days after middle cerebral artery occlusion, cerebral infarction volume in the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group was significantly less than that in the model and sham 
    stimulation groups (P < 0.05). RT-PCR and Western blot assays showed that at 72 hours after middle cerebral artery occlusion, aquaporin 4/9 mRNA and protein expression in the repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation group was significantly increased than in the model group (P < 0.05). Compared with 1 day after middle cerebral artery occlusion, neurological deficit scores at 15 days after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation was significantly improved (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemical detection results showed that glial fibrillary acidic protein expression in the ischemic penumbra in each repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation subgroup was significantly lower than that in the model group (P < 0.05). The results reveal that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can alleviate rat neurological deficits and improve nerve regeneration microenvironment by inducing cerebral ischemic tolerance, reducing nerve cell apoptosis and decreasing aquaporin 4/9 mRNA and protein expression.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    早期稳定型动脉粥样硬化斑块模型兔损伤区拉曼光谱特征及旋转手法的影响
    Chen Zu-jiang, Huang Xue-cheng, Xiang Xiao-bing, Chen Chao, Li Yi-kai
    2015, 19 (27):  4339-4344.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.014
    Abstract ( 412 )   PDF (2022KB) ( 350 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: It is generally recognized that cervical rotation manipulation can increase the risk of detachment of unstable plaques in carotid atherosclerosis, but few studies are reported on the influence of cervical rotation manipulation on the stable plaque in early carotid atherosclerosis. 
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of the cervical rotation manipulation on the lipid contents in carotid atherosclerotic plaque in a rabbit model of early carotid atherosclerosis.
    METHODS: After being fed for 15 days with normal diet, 30 male New Zealand White rabbits were further fed for 18 weeks with normal diet (n = 10; control group) or a high-fat diet containing 2% cholesterol, 10% lard and 88% normal granules to build rabbit models of early carotid atherosclerosis with stable carotid plaque (n = 20). At 14 weeks of feeding with high-fat diet, the experimental rabbits fed with high-fat diet were randomly divided into a cervical rotation manipulation group (n = 10) and a model group (n = 10). The rabbits in the cervical rotation manipulation group underwent cervical rotation manipulation to the left and right sides, once each side, with the maximal range of rotation. Total five cervical rotation manipulations, once every 3 days, were performed.
    RESULETS AND CONCLUSION: The 1 450 cm-1 and 1 660 cm-1 peaks of the Raman spectrum of lipid in the carotid atherosclerotic plaque of rabbit models were not distinctly present in the control group, however, they 
    were obviously observed in the cervical rotation manipulation group and model group. Nevertheless, the relative intensity differences at spectrum characteristic peaks were not significant between cervical rotation manipulation group and model group (P > 0.05). The environmental findings indicate that the lipid content in carotid atherosclerotic plaque of rabbit models of early carotid atherosclerosis cannot be increased after short-term administration of cervical rotation manipulation. 

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Effects of TanshinoneⅡA on expression of transforming growth factor-β/Smads signaling pathway related factors in the liver tissue of rats with hepatic fibrosis 
    Zhang Cai-hua, Li Cong, Li Hua-jun, Guo Lian-ying, Jia Yu-jie
    2015, 19 (27):  4345-4350.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.015
    Abstract ( 320 )   PDF (1155KB) ( 363 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Liver fibrosis is a kind of chronic and active disease that is caused by various causes and characterized by the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. At present, use of Chinese herbs for the treatment of hepatic fibrosis has obvious advantages. Salvia miltiorrhiza has been shown to be highly effective in the treatment of hepatic fibrosis. However, the underlying mechanism needs further investigation.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of TanshinoneⅡA on the expression levels of transforming growth factor-β/Smads signaling pathway related factors transforming growth factor-β, bone morphogenetic protein 7, Smad6 and Smad7 in the liver tissue of rats with hepatic fibrosis.
    METHODS: SD rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10): normal control, model and TanshinoneⅡA-treated groups. Rats in the model and TanshinoneⅡA-treated groups were subtaneously injected with olive oil-diluted 10% CCl4 ( 5 mL/kg) twice a week, 8 weeks in total, to build rat models of hepatic fibrosis. Four weeks after hepatic fibgrosis induction, rats in the TanshinoneⅡA-treated group received subtaneous injection of TanshinoneⅡA till eight weeks. Rats in the normal control group were subcutaneously injected with olive oil.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Western blotting and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detection showed that in the model group, the expression of transforming growth factor-β in the rat liver tissue was significantly increased (P < 0.01) and the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-7, Smad6 and Smad7 was significantly decreased (P < 0.01) compared with the normal control group. TanshinoneⅡA could obviously reverse the expression of those factors above-mentioned (P < 0.01). The results suggest that TanshinoneⅡA can be used for treatment of hepatic fibrosis by decreasing the expression of transforming growth factor-β and increasing the expression of bone morphogenetic protein-7, Smad6 and Smad7.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Expression of early growth response factor 1 and intervention of silymarin in rat models of alcoholic fatty live
    Zhou Hong-xing
    2015, 19 (27):  4351-4355.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.016
    Abstract ( 305 )   PDF (1634KB) ( 270 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Proinflammatory transcription factors and inflammatory factors play an important role in the occurrence of alcoholic liver disease. However, early growth response factor 1 is one of the key factors of starting inflammation.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate and analyze the effects of silymarin on early growth response factor1 in rat models of alcoholic fatty liver.
    METHODS: The rat models were established using the methods of feeding with high fat diet and intragastrically administering alcohol, in total 8 weeks. Silymarin intervention at high and low doses (200,100 mg/kg) was given after each gavage. The normal group was set as comparison. 
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Serological indicator detection and hematoxylin-eosin staining results showed that compared with the model group, the body weight of rats was increased (P < 0.05); serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase activity, early growth response factor 1 and tumor necrosis factor-α expression in the liver tissue were decreased (P < 0.05); pathological grading results were superior in the high-dose silymarin group to in the other groups (P < 0.01). The results confirm that high dose of silymarin can protect the liver function of rats, reduce the occurrence of liver function damage, which may be associated with the inhibition on the early growth response factor 1 in the body of rats, thereby reducing the tumor necrosis factor-α formation, but the specific mechanism remains to be further studied.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Establishing rat models of slow transit constipation and chronic stress-induced depression: correlation of constipation and depression 
    Zhang Guo-ying, Jiang Yan-ping, Hu Hui-ling, Cao Zan-jian
    2015, 19 (27):  4356-4360.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.017
    Abstract ( 472 )   PDF (817KB) ( 465 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Clinically, patients with constipation often have depression and depression is often associated with symptoms of constipation, but the mechanisms remain unclear.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the relation between constipation and depression by establishing animal models.
    METHODS: A total of 60 specific-pathogen-free rats were divided randomly into three groups: normal group, chronic stress-induced depression model group and slow transit constipation model group. Slow transit constipation model was created by giving the solution of compound diphenoxlate 8 mg/kg daily, for 120 consecutive days. On day 100, chronic stress model rats were subjected to successive unforeseen stimulus for 21 days. Rats in the normal group were regularly housed. Fecal number, dry weight of feces and body weight were recorded once a week. After successful model establishment, fecal number, dry weight of feces, time of first dark stools defecation, sucrose preference, open-field behavior score and forced swim time were detected in each group, and statistically analyzed. 
     RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Fecal number was less in the chronic stress-induced depression model group than in the normal group (P = 0.00), and time of first dark stools defecation was longer (P = 0.00). Fecal number was more in the chronic stress-induced depression model group than in the slow transit constipation model group (P = 0.00), but time of first dark stools defecation was shorter (P = 0.00). No significant difference in fluid consumption, sucrose preference, horizontal and vertical scores of open-field test, and forced swim time was detected between slow transit constipation model group and normal group (P > 0.05). However, above indexes were higher in the slow transit constipation model group than in the chronic stress-induced depression model group (P < 0.01). Results verified that constipation was observed in chronic stress-induced rat model, but depression was not observed in slow transit constipation rat model, suggesting that depression can induce constipation, but constipation does not necessarily lead to depression.

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    Improved methods of establishing rabbit VX2 hepatocarcinoma models
    Tong Min, Chen Zhu
    2015, 19 (27):  4361-4364.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.018
    Abstract ( 610 )   PDF (2785KB) ( 369 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Rabbit VX2 hepatocarcinoma models are characterized by expanded and infiltrative growth, abundant blood supply, similar pathological and imaging features to human hepatocellular carcinoma, so this model is ideal for imaging experiments.
    OBJECTIVE: To establish rabbit VX2 hepatocarcinoma models and compare two different laparotomy methods in establishing rabbit VX2 hepatocarcinoma models.
    METHODS: Thirty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups: traditional laparotomy (tumor particles were directly embedded into the liver with tweezers) and improved laparotomy (tumor particles were injected into the liver through a 15G syringe needle). The growth features of the tumor established in two different ways were compared by ultrasound.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The tumor formation rate was 100% in the two groups; the single rate was respectively 50% and 90%; the ectopic implantation rate was 50% and 10%, there were significant differences between two groups (P < 0.05). The mortality rate within 2 weeks was 33% and 0 in the two groups, with significant differences (P < 0.05). The improved laparotomy method is feasible for modeling rabbit VX2 hepatocarcinoma, due to minimal injury, short operation time, high success rate and stable features.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    DNA chip-based gene expression profiling of oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue and normal paracarcinoma tissue
    Zheng Jian-wei, Yang Shu-juan, Li Xiao-ping, Wei Cong-yun, Li Ting, Mo Wen-juan, Cai Qiu-yun, Yang De-qun, Zhou Lei, Luo Gang
    2015, 19 (27):  4365-4370.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.019
    Abstract ( 328 )   PDF (1253KB) ( 598 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: In recent years, based on high-throughput molecular imaging, integration of genomics, proteomics and computer aided design and the application of correlative “technical chains” have achieved great achievements in the research of breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer, ovarian cancer and melanin tumor. However, there are few researches on oral squamous cell carcinoma.
    OBJECTIVE: To detect the gene expression profile of the oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue and normal paracarcinoma tissue using DNA chip-based gene expression profile.
    METHODS: Two samples of oral squamous cell carcinoma tissue and normal paracarcinoma tissue of patients who received treatment at Stomatological Hospital of Guangdong Province of China in 2013 were included in this study. The gene expression profiles of oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal paracarcinoma tissue were determined by the Roche NimbleGen gene expression microarrays.
     
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: According to screening criteria of differential genes, 7 872 out of 32 448 detected genes were differentially expressed genes of oral squamous cell carcinoma, which accounts for 24% of the total number of the screening genes. 3 800 genes were up-regulated, and 4 072 were down-regulated. The results confirm that through detection with the help of gene expression profile clip, 7 872 differentially expressed genes were obtained through DNA chip-based gene expression profiles according to the screening criteria. Thus it can be concluded that the occurrence and development of the tumors are not a result of single or several genes. Previous experiments based on a single or several genes have great limitations. These findings also suggest that the occurrence of tumor is a result of mutual regulatory effects of many genes forming a network, moreover, the interactions of the network is quite complicated.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Effect of interleukin-10 gene on liver pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 expression in nonobese diabetic mice  
    Yu Shu-feng, Ren An-xia, Zhang Li-juan, Li Tang
    2015, 19 (27):  4371-4378.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.020
    Abstract ( 317 )   PDF (5651KB) ( 547 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Studies have found that liver cells can synthesize insulin after giving pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 (PDX1) gene. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody can inhibit the immune reaction of insulin-producing liver cells, but the mechanism is unclear.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of interleukin-10 gene on liver cells and liver PDX1 expression in nonobese diabetic mice after interfered by adenovirus vector-mediated murine interleukin-10 and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody.
    METHOD: Forty nonobese diabetic female mice aged 3-5 weeks were randomly divided into anti-CD20, anti-CD20 + interleukin-10, interleukin, and control groups. Mice in each group were respectively injected with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody + adenovirus vector-mediated murine interleukin-10, adenovirus vector-mediated murine interleukin-10 and normal saline on days 1, 8, 15 and 21 via tail vein.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 12 weeks, the blood glucose level of mice treated with anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and/or interleukin-10 was significantly reduced compared with the control group, while the insulin, interleukin-10 and CD20 expression levels in the serum and liver were significantly increased, the liver PDX1 expression was also upregulated. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody with interleukin-10 had more obvious effects than the single use. No matter the combined intervention or single use, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and interleukin-10 show no impact on the inflammation of liver cells. Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody and/or interleukin-10 increases PDX1 expression in nonobese diabetic mice. 

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    The influence of taurine on superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in liver tissue of rat models of liver fibrosis
    Bai Jian, Xiao Li, Han Yong, Bi Li-li, Kong Xiang-rui, Wang Xue-liang, Zhang Li-ping, Liu Xi-cheng
    2015, 19 (27):  4379-4383.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.021
    Abstract ( 405 )   PDF (538KB) ( 1034 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Studies have reported that taurine has a certain therapeutic effect on the disease of various systems, such as nervous system, cardiovascular system, immune system and digestive system. The liver is the main place, also the important target organ, of taurine metabolism. Therefore, the relationship between taurine and hepatopathy has become a hot topic in recent years.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of taurine on superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde expression in the liver tissue of rat models of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride.
    METHODS: Thirty male C57B/L rats of SPF grade were randomly and evenly divided into blank control, model and taurine groups. Rats in the blank control group were intraperitoneally injected with 100% peanut oil of 1 mL/kg, twice a week, in total 10 weeks. Rats in the model group were intraperitoneally injected with peanut oil of 1 mL/kg containing 20% carbon tetrachloride, twice a week, in total 10 weeks. Rats in the taurine group were intraperitoneally injected with peanut oil of 1mL/kg containing 20% carbon tetrachloride, twice a week, in total 10 weeks, and were intragastrically administered taurine of 500 mg/kg per day starting from the 3rd week till the 10th week.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the blank control group, the serum levels of hyaluronic acid, laminin, type Ⅲ procollagen, type Ⅳ collagen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase were significantly increased (P < 0.05), the level of superoxide dismutase in the liver tissue was lowered (P < 0.05), the level of malondialdehyde in liver tissue was significantly increased (P < 0.05), and liver index was increased (P < 0.05) in the model group. Pathological examination showed that there were necrosis of liver cells, fat vacuoles, fibrous tissue hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration in the rats of the model group. Compared with the model group, the serum levels of hyaluronic acid, laminin, type Ⅲ procollagen, type Ⅳ collagen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase were significantly lowered (P < 0.05), the level of superoxide dismutase in the liver tissue was significantly increased (P < 0.05), the level of malondialdehyde in the liver tissue was significantly lowered (P < 0.05), and liver index was significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the taurine group. Pathological examination showed that there were no inflammatory cell infiltration, fat vacuoles, and fibrous tissue deposition in the liver tissue. The results indicate that taurine can decrease the contents of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde, and relieve the degree of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride via exerting its antioxidative effects.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    The protective effect of TanshinoneⅡA on rat models of uterine ischemia/reperfusion injury 
    Wang Dong, Ji Xiao-wei, Zhang Shuang
    2015, 19 (27):  4384-4388.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.022
    Abstract ( 296 )   PDF (711KB) ( 377 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The phenomenon of temporary ischemia of the tissues and organs caused by injury is common in the clinic. However, there are few studies on the treatment of ischemia/reperfusion injury. It is significant to investigate the effect of TanshinoneⅡA on improving uterine ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of TanshinoneⅡA intervention on improving uterine ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.
    METHODS: The rat models of uterine ischemia/reperfusion injury were established by suture method. The rats that were intraperitoneally injected with Sodium Tanshinone IIA Silate injection (20 mg/kg) at 5, 3, 1 days and 30 minutes before the operation were included in the experimental group. Model and sham operation groups were established for comparison.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Spectrophotometry and immunohistochemical staining results showed that at 1 and 3 hours of ischemia/reperfusion, the malondialdehyde concentration and Bax protein expression in the injuried rat uterine tissue were significantly decreased (P < 0.05), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and Bcl-2 protein expression were significantly increased (P < 0.05) in the experimental group than in the model group. The results confirm that TanshinoneⅡA has a protective effect on uterine ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Stability of a rat model of type 2 diabetic mellitus induced by streptozotocin combined with high-fat feeding and its eye disease characteristics
    Yu Yang, Zheng Shi-lei, Liu Xue-zheng
    2015, 19 (27):  4389-4393.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.023
    Abstract ( 324 )   PDF (698KB) ( 352 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Streptozotocin-induced diabetic ophthalmopathy is commonly used in animal models, but the pathological changes are local that mainly emphasize on the retina. Little evidence is found about the animal models of the pathology of diabetic ophthalmopathy.  
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the long-term stability of type 2 diabetic mellitus rat models induced by streptozotocin combined with high-fat feeding and to observe the characteristics of eye disease.
    METHODS: Rats were randomly divided into control group and diabetes group. Control group was given normal feeding, while diabetes group was given intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin combined with high-fat feeding to establish diabetic models.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, at 1 month after modeling, the fasting blood glucose levels increased, and the insulin sensitivity index decreased in the diabetic group (P < 0.05). Evans blue staining results showed that, at 3 months after modeling, retinal cell lesions exacerbated in the diabetic group; at 5 months after modeling, retinal blood vessels traveled in circuity and disorderly, accompanied by the leakage in 
    the diabetic group, Evans blue content in the retina increased as the time after modeling went by (P < 0.05). Under transmission electron microscopy, at 5 months after modeling, the eye lenses in the diabetes group were flocculent pieces, which were the typical characteristics of cataract. Experimental findings indicate that the rat model of type 2 diabetic mellitus induced by streptozotocin combined with high-fat feeding has a long-term stability, and its eye changes are consistent with the characteristics of diabetic ophthalmopathy. Therefore, it is an ideal animal model for diabetic ophthalmopathy.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Constructing muscle-relaxation rabbit models by continuous infusion of propofolin in the internal carotid artery: pharmacokinetic variations
    Yin Hong, Tan Yuan, Tang Zhi-yin, Xiang Rong-wu, Zhu Jun-chao
    2015, 19 (27):  4394-4399.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.024
    Abstract ( 447 )   PDF (1071KB) ( 417 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Intracerebral administration of selective drugs via the carotid artery is currently one of the effective methods to enhance the drug concentration in the brain and reduce the influence of drugs on other system functions.
    OBJECTIVE: To establish the muscle-relaxation rabbit models by infusing propofol continuously in the internal carotid artery and analyze the variations of propofol concentration.
    METHODS: The muscle-relaxation rabbit models were established by continuously infusing propofol at a constant speed via catheterization in the internal carotid artery. The pharmacokinetic characteristics could be analyzed by the methods of obtaining arterial and venous blood on both sides of neck and samples of brain tissue on both sides in different points, detecting drug concentration using high pressure liquid assay, and then mathematically conversing the resulting data for fitting processing and statistical regression.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The method of determining the concentration of propofol using high pressure liquid assay is feasible, stable and reliable. Through investigating the concentration of propofol infused via the carotid artery at different time points, we discovered that the growth rate distribution of propofol concentration and  data distribution are in log-normal distribution profile which belong to non-exponential kinetics model, i.e., modified log-normal distribution model,                  , where σ is the range of drug concentration growth indicating stability of concentration changes, which is an integrated variable related to various factors, such as brain tissue uptake of drugs and brain circulation. The pharmacokinetic model of continuously infusing propofol in the internal carotid artery belongs to log-normal distribution function, i.e., a non-exponential function kinetics model. The brain concentration variations on both sides changing over time follow log-normal distribution function law.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Effect of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid combined with hypertonic saline on the hemodynamics of hemorrhagic shock rats 
    Liu Jie, Geng Zhi-long
    2015, 19 (27):  4400-4404.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.025
    Abstract ( 247 )   PDF (759KB) ( 288 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) has protective effects in some vital organs in animals after hemorrhagic shock, and 7.5% hypertonic saline (HS) exerts significant effects on stabilizing the hemodynamics of hemorrhagic shock animals.
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of SAHA combined with HS on the hemodynamics of hemorrhagic shock rats.
    METHODS: Fifty rats were randomly and equally divided into five groups: sham, shock non-resuscitation, SAHA, 7.5% HS, and 7.5% HS + SAHA. Each group contained 10 rats. Except the sham group, rats in the remaining four groups were applied to establish hemorrhagic shock models. In the sham group, rats were given anesthesia catheter, not bleeding; in the shock non-resuscitation group, the bleeding was found, but rats were not resuscitated and were killed after 60 minutes of observations; in the other three groups, rats were respectively resuscitated at 60 minutes after bleeding, through intravenous administration of SAHA within 5 minutes, 7.5% HS and SAHA + 7.5% HS within 20 minutes. Heart rate, mean arterial pressure and left ventricular systolic pressure were monitored through the femoral artery and the right common carotid artery catheter in each group.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 3 hours after resuscitation, the heart rate was the highest in the 7.5% HS + SAHA group, compared with the SAHA and 7.5% HS groups (P < 0.05). After resuscitation, the mean arterial pressure and left ventricular systolic pressure were increased, with long-lasting effect and less fluctuation (P
    0.05). Experimental results show that 7.5% HS combined with SAHA has a superiority than traditional HS and simple drugs for resuscitation after hemorrhagic shock.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Effect of alpha-melanocyte in rat models of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury 
    Jiang Yan, Zhang Zhong-yi, Xu Yan, Liu Xue-mei
    2015, 19 (27):  4405-4411.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.026
    Abstract ( 262 )   PDF (1077KB) ( 356 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury often combines with acute kidney and lung injury. The expression of cutin cell growth factor receptor (KGFR) and alpha sodium channel protein (α-ENaC) in kidney and lung after ischemia-reperfusion injury and the protective effect of α-melanocyte require further observation and research.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of α-melanocyte on the expressions of KGFR and α-ENaC in rat models of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
    METHODS: A total of 30 healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group, ischemia-reperfusion group and α-MSH group. Models of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury were established by 30-minute ligation of renal artery in the ischemia-reperfusion and α-melanocyte groups. Rats in the control group were only used to expose the renal artery, no ligation. Rats in the α-melanocyte group were intraperitoneally injected with α-melanocyte (0.25 mg/kg) at 30 minutes before model establishment. Rats in the ischemia-reperfusion group were injected with 4 mL of physiological saline.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with control group, water content of kidney and lung increased significantly in rats of ischemia-reperfusion group and a-MSH group, while the levels of KGFR and α-ENaC of kidney and lung in rats were lower (P < 0.05). Compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group, water content of kidney and lung in rats of a-MSH group decreased significantly, while the levels of KGFR and α-ENaC of kidney and lung increased gradually (P < 0.05). Moreover, edema was significantly lessened in the rat kidney and lung. Results confirmed that after renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, KGFR and α-ENaC expression was consistent to the kidney and lung injury. α-MSH could increase the protein and mRNA expression of KGFR and α-ENaC in kidney and lung of rats, reduce the kidney and lung injury, and exert a certain protective effect. 


    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    The expression of connective tissue growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the ovary of rat models of polycystic ovarian syndrome 
    Sun Ya-nan
    2015, 19 (27):  4412-4416.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.027
    Abstract ( 354 )   PDF (829KB) ( 318 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Several studies have demonstrated that the physiological process of the ovary, including follicle development, maturity, ovulation, corpus luteum formation and regression, is related to the formation of extracellular matrix. However, matrix metalloproteinase 9 and connective tissue growth factors had a close relationship with the formation of extracellular matrix.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between the expression of connective tissue growth factor and matrix metalloproteinase 9 and polycystic ovary syndrome.
    METHODS: The female SD rats with regular estrous cycle were randomly divided into control and model groups. The rats in the model group were intragastrically with letrozole to establish the model of polycystic ovary syndrome, while the rats in the control group were intragastrically with the same amount of carboxymethyl cellulose. When the natural law of estrous cycle of rats in the model group did not exist and consecutive interval appeared, rat serum and ovarian tissues were collected. Rats in the control group were detected by collecting specimen in the interval.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical staining results showed that compared with the control group, the expression of serum luteinizing hormone, serum prolactin levels, connective tissue growth factor in preantral follicles theca cytoplasm, connective tissue growth factors in follicular basement membrane cytoplasm, connective tissue growth factors in albuginea and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in corpus luteum significantly increased (P < 0.05). The contents of follicle stimulating hormone and serum estradiol, and expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 in follicular basement membrane significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The 
    results indicate that connective tissue growth factors may be related to the excessive growth of small follicles and ovulation disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome, while matrix metalloproteinase 9 may be related to ovulation disorders in polycystic ovary syndrome.


    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Establishing mouse models of allergic rhinitis by knocking out H2-eb1 gene 
    Li Lin-ge, Feng Juan, Hu Bin, Shou Xi, Zhang Chun, Tian Yu, Jiang Chun-rong, Zhang Yu, Zhang Hua
    2015, 19 (27):  4417-4422.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.028
    Abstract ( 396 )   PDF (1064KB) ( 411 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: HLA-DRB1 is related to the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. Construction of HLA-DRB1 gene knockout animal models not only elucidates the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis, but also provides a good way for the elucidation of the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis-related diseases.
    OBJECTIVE: To establish the HLA-DRB1 gene knockout animal models.
    METHODS: Homozygous, wild-type and heterozygous mice were obtained by inbreeding of the heterozygous mice. Confirmed by gene and protein identification, 24 female wild-type (H2-eb1+/+) mice and 12 H2-eb1-/- mice aged 8 weeks were selected according to the random number table. 12 H2-eb1+/+ mice and 12 H2-eb1-/- mice were sensitized with ovalbumin to establish the mouse models of allergic rhinitis. Another 12 mice were sensitized with PBS as comparison.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control mice, serum levels of ovalbumin-specific IgE and interleukin-4 were significantly increased, while serum level of γ-interferon was significantly decreased in the mouse models of allergic rhinitis. Serum levels of IgE and interleukin-4 were lower, while serumγ- interferon level was higher, in H2-eb1-/- gene knockout mice of allergic rhinitis than those in the H2-eb1+/+ gene knockout wild-type mice. These results suggest that H2-eb1 gene may play an important role in regulating Th1/Th2 imbalance in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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    Establishing animal models of atherosclerosis
    Huang Ai-liang, Huang Rong-zhi, Huang Xiao-qian, Huang Jian-hua, Zhou Yan
    2015, 19 (27):  4423-4428.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.27.029
    Abstract ( 611 )   PDF (949KB) ( 366 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Animal models of atherosclerosis play an important role in the research of the pathogenesis, 
     occurrence and development of atherosclerosis, as well as in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.
    OBJECTIVE: To summarize and discuss the establishment of atherosclerosis models, explore the current situation and advance of atherosclerosis models, compare the advantages and disadvantages of various methods, and provide evidence for clinical investigation.
    METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in SinoMed, VIP, Wanfang and PubMed databases by using the key words of “animal model, atherosclerosis, progression” from January 1990 to December 2014. The language was limited to both Chinese and English. Relevant articles were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The documents about the methods of atherosclerosis model preparation, method improvement as well as their advantage and disadvantage were summarized.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 137 articles were included. Among them, 93 articles published earlier, duplicated, and similarly were excluded, and 44 references were finally included. The results demonstrated that, the main characteristics of models established with the high-fit diet are lipid storage. This method is commonly used due to its fixable operation. However, this method needs a long time and the position of athermanous plaque is unstable. That’s the reason why immune method, nerve and mechanical damaged method, hemodynamic method and genetic engineering method emerge. These novel methods facilitate the model establishment, and have their advantages and disadvantages. To a certain extent, they are different from human spontaneous type. Partial ligation plays irreplaceable functions when studying complications of atherosclerosis. The athermanous plaque formed by balloon injury shows accurate position, which is convenient for researchers to observe the changes of athermanous plaque after conducting all kinds of interventions. This model based on immunological method could provide guidance of vaccine research for atherosclerosis prevention. Therefore, they can choose more appropriate model formation method according to their own needs.

    中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:肾移植肝移植移植;心脏移植;组织移植;皮肤移植;皮瓣移植;血管移植;器官移植组织工程

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