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08 January 2012, Volume 16 Issue 2 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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In vitro culture of osteoblasts: A bibliometric analysis based on Science Citation Index, NationalInstitutes of Health and Derwent Innovations Index from 2008 to 2010 Rui Gang, Jin Xu-hong, Guo Yuan-li, Hu Bao-shan 2012, 16 (2):  191-200.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.001 Abstract ( 234 )   PDF (2339KB) ( 407 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteoblasts play an important role in the regulation of bone metabolism. The bone formation and loss areaffected by osteoblast differentiation and apoptosis. OBJECTIVE: To identify the global research trends in in vitro culture of osteoblasts from 2008 to 2010 via a bibliometric analysisof Science Citation Index (SCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH) and Derwent Innovations Index. DESIGN: A bibliometric study. DATA RETRIEVAL:We performed a bibliometric analysis based on the SCI, NIH and Derwent Innovations Index for dataregarding in vitro culture of osteoblasts from 2008 to 2010. The data were downloaded on October 18, 2011. SELECTION CRITERIA: ①Articles closely related to in vitro culture of osteoblasts, ②with funding item for in vitro culture ofosteoblasts, and ③with patents related to in vitro culture of osteoblasts were included. Exclusive criteria: ①document types suchas meeting abstracts, reviews, proceedings papers, notes, and letters; ②non-published articles. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS:①Types of documents; ②number of author outputs; ③distribution of output in subjectcategories; ④publication distribution of countries and institutes; ⑤distribution of output in journals; ⑥distribution of citations;⑦funding items; ⑧patents. RESULTS: ①During 2008 to 2010, 2 612 papers focusing on in vitro culture of osteoblasts were added to the SCI. Articles werethe most frequently used document type. ②The result showed that the amount of literature was annually increased, and therewere 22 core institutes, 12 core journals and 13 classical references. The Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part Apublished most articles addressing in vitro culture of osteoblasts, followed by Biomaterials and Bone. ③Totally 1 443 articles(60.3%) obtained funding supports from 2 090 funding agencies. ④A total of 398 international patents were searched. All resultsdemonstrated that the topics inosteoblast research are being published around the world. CONCLUSION: From the analysis of research trends, we put forward suggestions for medical staffs who are currentlyundertaking studies and for those who will be researching and studying in vitro culture of osteoblasts. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of bionic tiger-bone powder on rat osteoblasts proliferation and typeⅠcollagenexpression Han Na, Wang Tian-bing, Kou Yu-hui, Zhang Dian-ying, Zhang Pei-xun, Yin Xiao-feng2 Jiang Bao-guo 2012, 16 (2):  201-205.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.002 Abstract ( 376 )   PDF (749KB) ( 261 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bionic tiger-bone powder is mainly used for the treatment of osteoporosis, fracture, rheumatoid arthritis and other bone diseases, and has achieved better clinical efficacy. However, the mechanisms of osteogenesis has not clear yet. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of bionic tiger-bone powder on the proliferation of rat osteoblasts and the expression of typeⅠcollagen. METHODS: We cultivate primary osteoblasts with secondary enzyme digestion of the newborn rat skull bone tissue. The Concentrations of culture medium in bionic tiger-bone powder intervention group were 10-4, 10-5 and 10-6 g / L. The control group was injected with the serum-free DMEM culture medium without bionic tiger-bone powder.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MTT colorimetric assay results showed that bionic tiger-bone powder could improve osteoblasts proliferation vitality apparently (P < 0.05). Meanwhile the proportion of S phase and M/G2 phase cells was increased but that of G0/G1 phase cells was decreased through flow cytometry. The RT-PCR and ELISA test showed that bionic tiger-bone powder could increase the expression of osteoblasts typeⅠcollagen (P < 0.05) when handling with them in the concentration of 10-6, 10-5 and 10-4 mg/ml for 48 hours. Bionic tiger-bone powder could promote the proliferation of rat primary osteoblasts in vitro, and could promote the synthesis and secretion of typeⅠcollagen. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ultrastructure changes of dog dental pulp cells transfected with bone morphogenetic proteins 2 in vitro Feng Yan-hong, Diao Zhi-hong, Gao Yi, Li Wei 2012, 16 (2):  206-210.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.003 Abstract ( 371 )   PDF (732KB) ( 404 )   Save BACKGROUND: The research has shown that bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) gene can induce mesenchymal stem cellsdifferentiate into osteoblast phenotype and has the potential to the formation of new bone and reparative dentin. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the progress of dog dental pulp cells (DDPCs) transfected with BMP-2 differentiate into odontoblastthrough the analysis of ultrastructure. METHODS: The forth generation of DDPCs with stable traits was divided into three groups: Gene transfection group wastransfected with pEGFP-N1-BMP-2; Empty vector transfection group was transfected with EGFP-N1 empty fluorescence vector;Control group was without transfection. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: pEGFP-N1-BMP-2 eukaryotic expression plasmid was constructed successfully and transfectedwith DDPCs. pEGFP-N1-BMP-2 plasmid transfection could promote the secretion of BMP-2 in BMP2-DDPCs and the activity ofalkaline phosphatase of DDPCs. The transmission electron microscope observation showed that the transfected DDPCs had thephenotype characteristics of odontoblast. It indicates that the DDPCs transfected with pEGFP-N1-BMP-2 eukaryotic expressionplasmid has the characteristics of odontoblast. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of bone morphogenetic protein-7 in the distraction osteogenesis of rat mid-palatal suture Li Wei, Li Kun, Wang Pei-jun, Han Jing-ying 2012, 16 (2):  211-214.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.004 Abstract ( 312 )   PDF (1134KB) ( 380 )   Save BACKGROUND: Experiments have confirmed that bone morphogenetic protein-7 can induce bone and cartilage formation; it canalso promote bone formation in the process of distraction osteogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of bone morphogenetic protein-7 in the suture distraction osteogenesis of rat mid-palatal suture and to detect the changes of bone morphogenetic protein-7 under the mechanical expansion force. METHODS: Expansionary force was applied on rats using a self-made expansing arch spring for binoculus to construct maxillary expansion rat model. Rat mid-palatal sutures were randomly collected on 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12 and 14 days after model construction;real-time PCR was performed to detect the changing regularities of the target genes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of the bone morphogenetic protein-7 mRNA in the rat mid-palatal suturesincreased gradually on 3, 9, 12 and 14 days after model construction (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that bonemorphogenetic protein-7 mRNA expression is significantly increased in the distraction osteogenesis process of rat mid-palatalsutures under the stimulus of mechanical force. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction of an osteoclast precursor cell cDNA library using Gateway non-radiolabelingtechnology in mice Zhang Yu-ping, Wang Shun-qing, Wang Cai-xia, Xu Yan-li, Xie Jian-jin, Mao Ping 2012, 16 (2):  215-219.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.005 Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (1487KB) ( 351 )   Save BACKGROUND: A crucial gene in the osteoclast formation is found in the authors’ previous research, which plays a key role in the mutual recognition between cells and membrane fusion. OBJECTIVE: To construct an osteoclast precursor cell cDNA library using Gateway non-radiolabeling technology in mice and to test the quality of the cDNA library. METHODS: Bone marrow of the long bone in C57BL/6 mice was collected for the adherent bone marrow mononuclear cells. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor and RANKL was added to induce osteoclast formation. Cells were collected for total RNA extraction at different stages from the beginning of macrophage fusion to the formation of osteoclasts. A full-length cDNA library of mouse osteoclast precursor cells was constructed using CloneMinerTM cDNA construction kit by Gateway non-radiolabeling technology. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The titer of the constructed cDNA library of mouse bone marrow macrophages was 2.15×107 CFU/mL; the storage capacity was 10.5×107 CFU; the recombination rate was 100%. The fragment size of the recombinantinserted into the cDNA was 0.1-5.8 kb; the average fragment size was about 1.7 kb. These findings indicate that a cDNA library can be successfully constructed by non-radiolabeling technology as well, which has adequate quality and avoid the radiation exposure. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of polygonatum polysaccharide on the expression of interleukin-1 and 6 in rats withosteoporotic fracture Zeng Gao-feng, Zhang Zhi-yong, Lu Li, Xiao De-qiang, Zong Shao-hui, Xiong Chun-xiang, Zhao Yu-xi 2012, 16 (2):  220-222.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.006 Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (879KB) ( 386 )   Save BACKGROUND: Osteoporotic fracture is an osteoporotic complication caused by reduced estrogen and can be effectivelycorrected by estrogen supplementation. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of polygonatum polysaccharide (PSP) on cytokines in osteoporotic fracture rats. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 6 weeks old, were established into osteoporosis models by ovariectomy. After 90 days,the tibia was cut off to create models of osteoporotic fracture. At 1 week after osteoporotic fracture, rats were intragastricallyadministered 400, 200, 100 mg/kg PSP and intramuscularly administered estradiol. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with common fracture rats, serum level of interleukin 1, 6 was increased inosteoporotic fracture rats. After intervention with 400 mg/kg PSP or estradiol, serum level of interleukin 1, 6 in osteoporotic fracturerats was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), but 200 and 100 mg/kg PSP did not affect Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 and platelet-derived growth factor on the biologicalpotential of human degenerative nucleus pulposus cells Lin Wang, Liu Shou-kun, Wang Ying-ying, Guo Wei-zhong, Lin Cheng-shou, Wang Xu, Su Yu 2012, 16 (2):  223-226.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.007 Abstract ( 256 )   PDF (1223KB) ( 342 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) cansuppress apoptosis of human intervertebral cells. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of IGF-1 and PDGF on the biological potential of the human degenerative NP cells in vitro. METHODS: Human degenerative nucleus pulposus cells were cultured in monolayer in vitro and identified byimmunohistochemical staining. The cells of passage 3 were treated separately with different growth factors and then randomlydivided into 4 groups: IGF-1 group, PDGF group, IGF-1+PDGF group and control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: IGF-1 and PDGF could stimulate cell proliferation and synthesis of collagen type Ⅱ andaggrecan, and IGF-1 raised more content of collagen typeⅡ than the PDGF (P < 0.05), but the PDGF raised more content ofaggrecan than the IGF-1 (P < 0.05). IGF-1 stimulated the synthesis of collagen typeⅠ, then PDGF inhibited the synthesis. Boththe IGF-1 and PDGF can stimulate cell proliferation, the synthesis of collagen type Ⅱ and aggrecan, thereby enhance thebiological potential of the human degenerative nucleus pulposus cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Inhibitory effects of Bawei Rougan powder on chondrocytes apoptosis in rabbits withosteoarthritis Liu Miao, Chen Shi-rong, Liu Wei, Xu Xi-dong, Si Hai-bo 2012, 16 (2):  227-230.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.008 Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (1159KB) ( 417 )   Save BACKGROUND: Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has analgesic effects on osteoarthritis, but whether TCM can protectarticular cartilage and through which mechanism are rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Bawei Rougan powder on chondrocytes apoptosis in rabbits with osteoarthritis. METHODS: New Zealand adult white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: normal, model, and treatment groups.Osteoarthritis models were established in model and treatment groups according to Hurth technique. At 1 week after modeling,rabbits in the normal and model groups were treated with saline solution, and the treatment group was treated with the powderextract. At 8 weeks after modeling, characteristics of cartilage histological were observed by Mankin method. Activity of nitricoxide (NO) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in synovial fluids were measured by nitrate reductase assay, and apoptosisindex of chondrocytes in all groups were measured by TUNEL ( TdT-mediated biotinylated-dUTP nick end labling method). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the model group, Mankin's score, activity of NO and iNOS and apoptosis indexof chondrocytes were decreased in the treatment group (P < 0.05). It is confirmed that Bawei Rougan powder can suppress theapoptosis of chondrocytes in rabbits with osteoarthritis． Related Articles | Metrics

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Detection of collagens in hypertrophic scars of adenosine receptor A2A knockout mice bypicrosirius polarization method Xiao Hu, Li Shao-hua, Wang De-chang, Huo Ran, Wang Yi-bing, Feng Yong-qiang, Li Qiang 2012, 16 (2):  231-234.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.009 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (1100KB) ( 344 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recent study shows that the adenosine receptor agonists can promote the collagen synthesis, and theadenosine receptor antagonists can inhibit the collagen synthesis and reduce the proliferation of skin collagen fiber. Theexpression of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in hypertrophic scar of adenosine A2A knockout mice models is decreased. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of collagens in hypertrophic scars of adenosine receptor A2A knockout mice and itsmechanism by picric acid-sirius red polarization method. METHODS: The models of hypertrophic scars were made by adenosine A2A knockout mice and wild-type mice. The characterand the distribution of the collagen in the hypertrophic scars were observed by picric acid-sirius red polarization method, and thetype of the collagen, distribution, arrangement and content was confirmed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A large amount of eosinophilic collagen protein fibers were observed under polarizingmicroscope in the hypertrophic scars of wild-type control group. Type Ⅰ collagen fibers were in red and compact bunchiness andexhibited strong double refraction, the hypertrophic scars of adenosine A2A knockout mice were lack of thick collagen bundlesand was in sparse bunchiness, and the collage bundles were well-arranged and well-distributed. Compared with the wild-typecontrol group, adenosine A2A knockout mice showed significantly lower typeⅠcollagen fibers level (P < 0.01), as well as thehypertrophic scars. It indicated that adenosine A2A receptors played an active role in the proliferation of scars and could preventthe proliferation of scars. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of mitomycin C on apoptosis of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts Wu Xiao-ming, Sun Kui, Zhang Hong-xia, Sun Xi-ping, Geng Qi-ying, Li Shu-song 2012, 16 (2):  235-238.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.010 Abstract ( 309 )   PDF (1337KB) ( 369 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mitomycin C has been gradually used in hyperplastic scar therapy. But the molecular mechanism underlyingthe effects of mitomycin C on hyperplastic scar via cell apoptosis is reported few. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of mitomycin C on fibroblasts apoptosis in hypertrophic scar. METHODS: Hypertrophic scar fibroblasts were cultured in vitro with five different concentrations of mitomycin C (2.5, 12.5, 50,100, 200 mg/L). Cell cycle distribution and apoptosis of fibroblasts were detected by Annexin V-PI, and the protein expressionlevels of Bax and Bcl-2 in fibroblasts were detected with Western blotting. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mitomycin C blocked the growth of hyperplastic scar fibroblasts in G0/G1 period, and inducedapoptosis of hyperplastic scar fibroblasts in an obvious concentration-dependent manner. Bax protein expression levelsincreased and Bcl-2 protein expression levels decreased in hyperplastic scar fibroblasts after treated with 2.5-200 mg/Lmitomycin C for 24 hours (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that mitomycin C has the possibility to promote fibroblasts apoptosisthrough increasing Bax expression and decreasing Bcl-2 expression in hyperplastic scar fibroblasts Related Articles | Metrics

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Xingnaojing inhibits the proliferation of human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells mediated byrecombinant human tumor necrosis factor Ouyang Hai-chun, Wu Wo-dong, Zhong Dong-mei, Wu Yan-xian, Li Wen-jie, Chen Xi-ming 2012, 16 (2):  239-242.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.011 Abstract ( 223 )   PDF (1276KB) ( 355 )   Save BACKGROUND: Xingnaojing (XNJ) water solubility intravenous injection is one of prescription similar with Angong Niuhuang pillwhich has been a most great reputation Chinese traditional medicine. Xingnaojing is used in clinical treatment for coronary heartdisease patients and has achieved good results. However, the mechanism has not been cleared. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibition effects of XNJ on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)mediated by recombinant human tumor necrosis factor α (rhTNF-α). To evaluate the value of XNJ on the proliferation of vascularendothelial cells impaired. METHODS: The passage 3-5 vein endothelial cells were obtained, and were induced to proliferate by adding 10 μg/L rhTNF-α inthe culture medium. XNJ in different concentration were injected in the XNJ group, fluvastatin as positive control group, and blankcontrol group had been respectively incubated with HUVECs mediated by rhTNF-α. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The endochylema was shrinked, adherent cells were decreased and necrosis cells wereincreased in HUVECs of XNJ group under inverted phase microscope. The growth rate of HUNVCs proliferation was significantlylower in XNJ group in each different concentration than that in control group (P < 0.05), and showed dose and time dependentmanner. XNJ can effectively inhibit the proliferation of HUVECs mediated by rhTNF-α. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of atorvastatin on the expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced Toll like receptor 4 anddownstream signal transduction pathway in human umbilical vein endothelial cells Jiang Yu-ji, Jiang Hua, Chen Ying 2012, 16 (2):  243-246.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.012 Abstract ( 254 )   PDF (982KB) ( 296 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recent research shows that Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) is involved in the occurrence and development ofatherosderosis. The mechanisms of TLR4, MyD88 dependent or MyD88 independent signal transduction during the process ofAS occurrence and development is not clear yet. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of atorvastatin on expression of lipopolysaccharide-induced (LPS) TLR4 and itsdownstream signal transduction pathway, such as MyD88, TRAF-6, TRAM and TRIF in human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs), and to study its possible anti-atherosclerotic mechanism. METHODS: HUVECs was cultured in vitro and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), then treated with atorvastatin for 24hours and collected the cells, finally the expression of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF-6, TRAM and TRIF mRNA was measured withreal-time PCR, the expression of TLR4, MyD88 and TRAF-6 protein was analyzed by Western blotting method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: LPS enhanced the expression of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF-6, TRAM and TRIF (vs. normal controlgroup, P < 0.01), atorvastatin decreased the high expression of TLR4, MyD88 and TRAF-6 (vs. model group, P < 0.01) whichwere stimulated by LPS. Atorvastatin can block the high expression of TLR4, and also influence the MyD88-dependent signalingpathway of TLR4. Atorvastatin may exert the function of anti-artherosclerosis by blocking the MyD88-dependent signalingpathway of TLR4.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 on rat vascular endothelial cells Lu Xiu-zhen, Bi Hong-sheng, Cui Yan 2012, 16 (2):  247-251.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.013 Abstract ( 363 )   PDF (699KB) ( 475 )   Save BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 play an important role in the initiating and ongoingprocess of angiogenesis. Study on the effects of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 on vascular endothelialcells is significant. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1 on the transfer and proliferation abilityin rat vascular endothelial cells and to explore its mechanism on angiogenesis. METHODS: Rat umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1respectively or in combination. Scratch test and MTT assay were used to detect the cell transfer and proliferation ability. Themorphology, activity and transfer ability of endothelial cells were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: According to scratch test, there was no significant difference in cell transfer ability between thecells treated with vascular endothelial growth factor alone and the control cells. The cell transfer ability after treated withangiopoietin-1 individually did not increase; on the contrary, it was weakened compared with that of the control group. Thetransfer ability in cells treated with vascular endothelial growth factor combined with angiopoietin-1 improved significantlycompared with that of the control group. According to MTT assay, neither vascular endothelial growth factor nor angiopoietin-1was found to improve the proliferation ability in rat umbilical vein endothelial cells. Combination of vascular endothelial growthfactor and angiopoietin-1 significantly improved the proliferation of rat umbilical vein endothelial cells. These findings indicate thatthe transfer ability, proliferation ability and angiogenesis in rat umbilical vein endothelial cells are only improved by thecombination of vascular endothelial growth factor and angiopoietin-1. Related Articles | Metrics

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Protective effect of hepatocyte growth factor in model mice of acute decompensated heart failure Duan Wei,Li Li,Liu Xin-bin,Zhang Hong-chao 2012, 16 (2):  252-256.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.014 Abstract ( 302 )   PDF (817KB) ( 398 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hepatocyte growth factor is a kind of myocardial nutritional factors. It has a strong inhibitory effect on myocardial apoptosis and ventricular remodeling. Meanwhile, it promotes the mitosis of vascular endothelial cells. OBJECTIVE: To explore the protective effect of hepatocyte growth factor on model mice of acute decompensated heart failure. METHODS: A total of 50 Kunming mice were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, chronic heart failure group, acute decompensated heart failure group, chronic heart failure treated group and acute decompensated heart failure treated group. Chronic heart failure model in mice was constructed using tail intravenous injection of adriamycin. Mice in the corresponding group were intravenously injected with bacterial lipopolysaccharide through tail vein to construct acute decompensated heart failure model. Mice in the chronic heart failure treated group and acute decompensated heart failure treated group were intravenously injected with hepatocyte growth factor through tail vein.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with chronic heart failure group, the thickness of ventricles and left ventricular ejection fraction in the chronic heart failure treated group increased significantly; the content of interleukin-6 and brain natriuretic peptide decreased; the expression of Bax protein decreased while the expression of Bcl-2 protein increased; the myocardial apoptosis reduced significantly (  < 0.01 or  < 0.05). Compared with acute decompensated heart failure group, the thickness of ventricles P P and left ventricular ejection fraction in the acute decompensated heart failure treated group increased significantly; the content of brain natriuretic peptide decreased while the content of interleukin-6 decreased significantly; the expression of Bax protein decreased while the expression of Bcl-2 protein increased (  < 0.01 or   < 0.05). These findings indicate that hepatocyte growth P Pfactor significantly improve the heart function of acute decompensated heart failure mice by anti-inflammatory effect and resisting cardiac muscle cell apoptosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and electrophysiology evaluation of an animal model of 3/4 crosscut spinal cordinjury Li Jing-de, Lu Pei-gang 2012, 16 (2):  257-260.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.015 Abstract ( 306 )   PDF (562KB) ( 365 )   Save BACKGROUND: Establishing a stable and standard animal model of spinal cord injury is a precondition to investigate the repairof spinal cord injury. OBJECTIVE: To establish a practical, standard and dependable model of acute spinal cord injury in rats. METHODS: A total of 60 female Wistar rats were randomly assigned into two groups, spinal cord injury group and control group.The spinal cord corresponding to T8 thoracic vertebrae of spinal cord injury rats were open. The dura mater was sheared opening.The posterior 3/4 of the spinal cord was cut across the spinal dorsal midline by a specially designed Venus eye scissors, 1.5 mmin depth. The sensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials were examined in an hour. As for the control rats, thevertebral lamina and dura mater were opened. The spinal cord was exposed for sham operation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The success rate of model construction was 100%. The function recovery of control group wasclose to normal in the 1st week after model establishment. The function recovery of spinal cord injury group started in the 2nd weekafter model establishment and virtually stopped in the 4th week. The final motor-function grades were no more than 10. There wassignificant difference between the two groups. The wave amplitude of sensory evoked potentials and motor evoked potentials inspinal cord injury group decreased sharply and significantly, the latency extended significantly (P < 0.01). These findings indicatethat the establishment of rat acute spinal cord injury model of 3/4 traumatic transection is easy and reproducible. It is an idealmodel for the investigation of spinal regenerative repair. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of “Shuanggu Yitong” warming acupuncture on the expressions of Bcl-2 and Baxproteins in the cartilage of knee osteoarthritis rabbits Xiong Yong, Peng Rui, Wang Hua 2012, 16 (2):  261-264.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.016 Abstract ( 342 )   PDF (1154KB) ( 410 )   Save BACKGROUND: Apoptosis of chondrocyte plays an vital role in the initiation and development of osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of “Shuanggu Yitong” (double-reinforcing and one-unblocking) warming acupuncture on theexpressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins in cartilage of knee osteoarthritis rabbits. METHODS: Knee osteoarthritis model was established by the ligation of femoral vein. Animals were treated with “ShuangguYitong” warming acupuncture applied on Guanyuan (CV 4), Zusanli (ST 36), Neixiyan (EX-LE4), Dubi (ST 35) and Yanglingquan(GB 34) after model establishment. Needle was retained for 20 minutes on each acupoint daily for 8 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Rabbit apoptosis index of chondrocyte was significantly increased after knee osteoarthritis(P < 0.01). Apoptosis index of chondrocyte was reduced by “Shuanggu Yitong” warming acupuncture. According toimmunohistochemical staining, the expression of Bcl-2 in articular cartilage was significantly increased in the “Shuanggu Yitong”warming acupuncture group and model group (P < 0.05). While the Bax expression in articular cartilage of “Shuanggu Yitong”warming acupuncture group and control group was significantly lower than that of model group (P < 0.05). The expression ofBcl-2 and Bax of “Shuanggu Yitong” warming acupuncture group and model group was higher than that of the model group andcontrol group (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that “Shuanggu Yitong” warming acupuncture can up-regulate theexpression of Bcl-2 protein as well as down-regulate expression of Bax protein, thereby inhibit the apoptosis of cartilage cells,which may prevent and cure knee osteoarthritis in rabbits. Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-term environmental enrichment stimulation influences protein phosphorylation of Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice Huang Xian, Zhang Ling, Li Xue 2012, 16 (2):  269-272.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.018 Abstract ( 272 )   PDF (428KB) ( 565 )   Save BACKGROUND: Long-term environmental enrichment (EE) stimulation can enhance the transcription of CAMKII and CREB which are very important proteins for neuronal plasticity, learning and memory. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of short-term environmental enrichment stimulation on phosphorylation of CAMKII and CREB in Alzheimer’s disease mice. METHODS: Either C57/BL6 mice (wild type) or APP/PS1 transgenic mice were used. These laboratorial mice were assigned into three groups: APP/PS1+EE group ( long-term EE stimulations were performed when APP/PS1 transgenic mice, as Alzheimer’s disease models, were 6 months old), APP/PS1 control group (APP/PS1 transgenic mice without long-term EE stimulations) and wild-type group (wild type C57/BL6 mice). When the mice of the 3 groups reached to 18 months, each group was randomly divided into two subgroups, baseline subgroup and stimulation subgroup. The mice in every stimulation subgroup were treated with 1 day (short-term) EE stimulation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the wild type group, the CREB phosphorylation level in the stimulation subgroup was significantly higher than that in the baseline subgroup (P < 0.05), and the CAMKII phosphorylation level had also increased. In the APP/PS1+EE group, the CAMKII phosphorylation level in the stimulation subgroup was slightly higher than that in the baseline subgroup, and there was no distinct difference in the CREB phosphorylation level between the two subgroups. In the APP/PS1 control group, there was no significant difference in CAMKII and CREB phosphorylation levels between the two subgroups. These findings suggest that short-term EE stimulation can induce an increase of CAMKII phosphorylation level in Alzheimer's disease mice only after long-term EE stimulation. However, it can obviously improve the phosphorylation level of CAMKII and CREB in wild type mice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Viability of tissue fragments in colon and rectum detected using modified Alamar Blue assay   Gan Jia-liang1, Gao Feng1, Cao Yun-fei1, Liao Cun2, Huang Jia-hao2, Tang Shuang-yi3 2012, 16 (2):  273-276.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.019 Abstract ( 222 )   PDF (322KB) ( 464 )   Save BACKGROUND: Alamar Blue assay is one of the common methods to evaluate histic or cellular viability. It is widely used to detect cell viability at present. However, using Alamar Blue assay to detect the viability of tissue fragments has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To detect the viability of the regular tissue fragments and cancer tissue fragments in the mucous membrane of colon and rectum using modified Alamar Blue assay. METHODS: Based on cell viability detect assay of Alamar Blue, the viability of the regular tissue fragments and cancer tissue fragments in the mucous membrane of colon and rectum was assessed using absorbance per unit mass. The detecting time was chosen at 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 , 30 and 36 hours according to the specification of the Alamar Blue assay and the pre-experiment results. Every specimen was divided into seven groups and the blank control hole was established. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Absorbance per unit mass reflected the change tendency of proliferation activity in tissue fragments as the culture time went on. Both regular tissue fragments and cancer tissue fragments in the mucous membrane of colon and rectum reached the best proliferative state at 12-24 hours after culture. It confirms that the modified Alamar Blue assay is a sensitive and effective way to evaluate the viability of colorectal tissue fragments. Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility and safety of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 transfection of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes   Ma Xiang, Yao Yong-zhao, Chen Bang-dang, Ji Wei-ning, Ma Yi-tong 2012, 16 (2):  277-281.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.020 Abstract ( 261 )   PDF (561KB) ( 383 )   Save BACKGROUND: Transfection of cardiomyocytes is better achieved using adeno-associated virus serotype 9; adeno-associated virus serotype 9 is an ideal carrier for gene therapy research on heart disease at present. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of adeno-associated virus serotype 9 transfection of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and to assess its toxicity on neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. METHODS: The primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were isolated and cultured. Based on adding adeno-associated virus serotype 9 carrying enhanced green fluorescent protein or not, the myocardiocytes were divided into three groups: control group, non transfection group and transfection group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in beat frequency and percentage of pulsating cells among control group, non transfection group and transfection group in the 1st week (P > 0.05). However, the beat frequency and percentage of pulsating cells in control group was larger than that in the transfection group (P < 0.05). There still was no significant difference in beat frequency and percentage of pulsating cells among the three groups in the 3rd week (P > 0.05). Cells in the transfection group began to express myocardial cells in 24 hour after transfection and reached the maximum fluorescence intensity on the 4th to the 6th days. The reduction ratios of three groups were close to 1.0 at different times within 72 hours. These findings indicate that adeno-associated virus serotype 9 can be effectively transfected into neonatal rat cardiomyocytes without significant toxicity. Related Articles | Metrics

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Suitable culture system of mouse ovarian granulosa cells and effect of hormone intervention Chen Yi-fei, Xu Cheng-jie, Wang Xin-quan, Xu Ying 2012, 16 (2):  282-286.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.021 Abstract ( 329 )   PDF (708KB) ( 290 )   Save BACKGROUND: The in vitro growth characteristics and basic biological characteristics of granulosa cells can be understood by building a stable and high-efficiency in vitro culture system of granulosa cells. OBJECTIVE: To build and optimize a primary culture system of mice ovarian granulosa cells, and to explore the effects of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin, human chorionic gonadotropin on the cell proliferation and cytoskeleton. METHODS: Mouse granulosa cells were separated and cultured in the culture systems of RPMI1640, HTF and BIO-AMF2, respectively. Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin were added to the culture systems of granulose cells in generation 3. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BIO-AMF2 culture system was better than RPMI1640 and HTF culture systems. Cells converged together and represented a cobblestone-like appearance on the 4th day after primary culture. The granulosa cells showed a positive reaction to C-kit immunohistochemical staining. According to cell cycle determination, most of the in vitro cultured granulosa cells were at G1 stage. Hormone showed a promoting effect on the proliferation of granulosa cells on the 2nd day after cultivation. This promoting effect was the most obvious on the 4th day after cultivation. But no significant effects of hormone on the granulosa cell morphology and cytoskeleton were detected. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of the re-distribution of kainate 1 expression on the neuronal excitotoxicity  Guo Dong-hua1, Liu Xiang-hua2, Zeng Jie3, Tang Yuan1, Zeng Wen-jing1, Luo Zi-zhao1, Lei Yan-lin1, Yu Hua-xu3 2012, 16 (2):  287-290.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.022 Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (612KB) ( 484 )   Save BACKGROUND: The excessive activation of the specific excitatory neurotransmitter receptors may lead to cell         exitotoxicity, the exitotoxic cell death pathway which is involved in the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5- methyl-4-isoxazole-propionicacid receptors were clear. However, the function of kainite (KA) receptors is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of the re-distribution of KA receptors after KA injection into the hippocampus of mice on the neuronal exitotoxicity. METHODS: KA or phosphate buffered saline was injected into the hippocampus of adult male C57BL6 mice. Two hours later, the Bederson score analysis, immunohistochemistry brain sections and neuronal death detection were performed.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bederson score showed severe injury of central nervous system function at 2 hours after injection into the hippocampus. The changes of KA1 receptor expression were mainly in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 region Obvious up-regulation of KA1 receptor expression and neuronal cell death were mainly in the CA1 region, and abundant cell death could be seen 4-6 hours later. KA can promote the re-distribution of KA1 receptor subunit in the CA region of the hippocampus and increase the excitatory amino acid toxicity of neuron resulted in neuronal cell death and disfunction of the central nervous system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of dexamethasone on the cell cycle progression and cyclin expression of astrocytes in rats Ouyang Ming, Liu Xiao-liu, Zhang Shao-chun 2012, 16 (2):  291-294.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.023 Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (338KB) ( 339 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies show that the dexamethasone (DEX) can induce the apoptosis of astrocytes. However, the mechanism is not clear. There are no reports related to the interference of DEX on cyclin expression of astrocytes. OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between apoptosis and the expression of cyclin in astrocytes of rats induced by DEX. METHODS: Pure cultured astrocytes from rat cerebral cortex were incubated with different concentrations (0, 10-5, 10-4,      10-3 mol/L) of DEX for 24 hours. The cell cycle of the astrocytes was examined by the flow cytomete. Then the expressions of cyclin A and cyclin E in astrocytes were measured by immunocytochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cell index of G1 phase was obviously increased in the 10-5 and 10-4 mol/L groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the cell index of S phase was obviously increased in 10-3 mol/L group compared with the control group (P < 0.01). The expression of cyclin A was decreased with the increasing of DEX concentration. The expression of cyclin E was decreased with the increasing of DEX concentration in the 10-5 and 10-4 mol/L groups (P < 0.05), and increased in the 10-3 mol/L group     (P < 0.01). The attenuated expression of cyclin A and cyclin E may contribute to the cell cycle arrest at G1 phase in the 10-5 and 10-4 mol/L groups, while the cell cycle arrest at S phase in 10-3 mol/L group may mainly attribute to the attenuated expression of cyclin A. Related Articles | Metrics

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Apoptosis of anterior horn motor neurons after hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning in spinal cord injury rats Li Hong-peng1, Ba Fang2, Bai Dan1, Gao Jie1 2012, 16 (2):  295-298.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.024 Abstract ( 223 )   PDF (499KB) ( 393 )   Save BACKGROUND: Spinal cord injury is difficult to repair. The protection of relict neurons is the key for promoting neural regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To test whether spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons are protected by hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning through inhibition of early apoptosis. METHODS: A total of 26 Wistar male rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group and hyperbaric oxygen group. Rats in hyperbaric oxygen group were administrated with hyperbaric oxygen for 5 days. Complete spinal cord (T9-T10) transection model was constructed on the 5th day after hyperbaric oxygen. In the meantime, complete spinal cord (T9-T10) transection model was constructed for control rats. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nissl staining demonstrated that hyperchromic cells were common in the two groups at 8 hour and 1 day after spinal cord transection at T9–T10. The number of hyperchromic cells in the hyperbaric oxygen group was less than that in the control group. TUNEL staining demonstrated that the massive apoptotic neurons were found at 8 hour and 1 day after the spinal cord transection at T9–T10 in rat anterior horn of spinal cord in both groups; the number of apoptotic neurons decreased on the 3rd day. The number of apoptotic spinal cord anterior horn motor neurons in the hyperbaric oxygen group was smaller than that in the control group at 8 hour and 1 day after hyperbaric oxygen (P < 0.05,   P < 0.01). These findings indicate that hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning has a protective effect on anterior horn motor neurons after spinal cord injury. Related Articles | Metrics

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Role of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 in rat RBL-2H3 cells survival and apoptosis   NG Ngai-Mui1, Jiang Shan-ping2, Huang Lin-jie2 2012, 16 (2):  299-302.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.025 Abstract ( 351 )   PDF (380KB) ( 308 )   Save BACKGROUND: Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 is an important calcium channel in mast cells. However, the role of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 in mast cell survival and apoptosis is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 in rat RBL-2H3 cells survival and apoptosis. METHODS: RBL-2H3 cells in logarithmic growth phase were intervened with 50, 100 and 200 μmol/L transient receptor potential channel blocker 2-APB. Cells intervened with 0.1% DMSO and normally cultured cells were used as control. RBL-2H3 cells were transfected with retrovirus vector of transient receptor potential melastatin 7-siRNA. Empty vector group and control group were constructed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 72 hour after treated with 100 and 200 μmol/L 2-APB, RBL-2H3 cell number was decreased. The optical density was decreased (P < 0.05). Cell apoptosis increased. Early stage apoptotic rate and total apoptotic rate increased (P < 0.05). At 72 hour after RBL-2H3 cells were transfected with transient receptor potential melastatin 7-siRNA, the optical density was decreased (P < 0.05). Cell apoptosis increased. Early stage apoptotic rate and total apoptotic rate increased (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that transient receptor potential melastatin 7 channel involve in the process of survival and apoptosis in RBL-2H3 cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characteristics of surface electromyography and peak torque of knee extension and flexion in athletes with patellar tendinopathy Yue Chun-lin, Wang Guo-xiang, Wang Wen-jun 2012, 16 (2):  303-306.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.026 Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (146KB) ( 283 )   Save BACKGROUND: Patellar tendinopathy is tiny damage at tendon insertion. Changes in the strength balance between vastus medialis and vastus lateralis in the quadriceps may lead to patellar abnormal motion, even an impact to the tendon insertion. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the mechanism and influence of patellar tendinopathy on the knee joint and surrounding muscles motion. METHODS: Ten male athletes with patellar tendinopathy and ten male athletes with matched sports item, body height and age were selected, and the knee-joint strength and surface electromyography were tested using CON-TREX Isokinetic Measurement System. The change of knee-joint flexor peak torque, extensor peak torque and surface electromyography of the quadriceps were compared with and analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Result showed during isometric exercise, extensor peak torque of the patellar tendinopathy group was significantly lower than the control group, and ratio of flexor peak torque to extensor peak torque was significantly higher than the control group; during isokinetic exercise, extensor peak torque of the patellar tendinopathy group was significant smaller than that of the control group, and notably changed with the increasing motion angular velocity; during isometric exercise and isokinetic exercise, the ratios of vastus medialis/vastus lateralis of the patellar tendinopathy group were lower than that of the control group. There were significant differences between knee-joint flexor and extensor of patellar tendinopathy athlete. The activity of vastus lateralis is low and vastus medialis and vastus lateralis are not in balance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Aging characteristics of plantar pressure indicator of old people in walking   Huo Hong-feng1, Feng Xia2, Liang Yu1, Zhao Huan-bin1, Hao Jin-feng3 2012, 16 (2):  307-310.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.027 Abstract ( 224 )   PDF (273KB) ( 292 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies showed that gait changes and decline in walking stability are the main reason for the older women fall. OBJECTIVE: To observe the plantar pressure characteristics of old women in walking in order to provide the basic data for monitoring the aging process of human motion system. METHODS: Totally 45 middle-aged and 45 elder women were treated with high plantar pressure test system for testing. Phase, impulse, foot shaft angle, enough to turn inside and outside indicators were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Each stage time of supporting phase in the older group was larger than that of the middle-aged group under natural ground and leave. Compared with middle-aged group, forefoot push off phase occupied by supporting phase was small (P < 0.05), but the contact phase and forefoot intact phase occupied by the supporting phase were large in the older group (P < 0.05). The largest part of impulse of foot suffered was the first metatarsal 2 and 3 in the middle-aged group, and in the older group the largest part of the impulse of foot suffered was the first metatarsal about 3 and 4. Distribution of impulse in feet was basically the same. Walking foot shaft angle in the older group was significantly greater than that of the middle-aged group   (P < 0.05). The number of cases with foot inversion in the older group (13 cases) was more than that in the middle-aged group (5 cases). Middle-aged women walked slowly than older women walking. During supporting period, characteristics of age-related changes were the proportion of forefoot push off phase shorter and the proportion of foot flat phase longer. The site vulnerable to fatigue and injure was the middle of anterior foot. Older people are more likely to walk pigeon toed stance, and prone to foot inversion phenomenon.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and identification of recombinant adenovirus vector of human telomerase reverse transcriptase Peng Zhi, Jia Zhen-hua, Tang Hong-wei, Huang Hai-hua, Guo Xiao-rui, Wei You-wan, Wang Xiang-mei, Zhang Pei-hua 2012, 16 (2):  311-314.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.028 Abstract ( 302 )   PDF (337KB) ( 286 )   Save BACKGROUND: Human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) closely correlates with c-myc in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. OBJECTIVE: To construct recombinant adenovirus vector of hTERT containing c-myc promoter and to observe the effects of expressed hTERT on cell growth. METHODS: Using the method of reverse transcription in artificial synthesis to design the gene synthesis primer and target fragment ashTERT (322 bp) was obtained using overlapping PCR. The target fragment ashTERT was cloned into the vector pUC57(2.7 kb) and then heat-shock transformed into the competent cells E.coli. With Bacteria inspection, PCR, identification of positive clones, plasmid pUC57-ashTERT was extracted and sequenced. The target gene fragments were subcloned into the shuttle vector pshuttle-CMVneo and then the recombinant adenovirus plasmid pAd-ashTERT was constructed. Subsequently, the recombinant adenovirus plasmid pAd-ashTERT was transformed into the 293A cells for package, identification and titer determination of adenovirus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: pUC57-ashTERT plasmid was extracted and its sequence corresponded to sequencing requirement. Recombinant adenovirus vector of hTERT with relatively strong ability of infection was successfully constructed after pUC57-ashTERT plasmid was transformed into 293 cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and expressing activity of microRNA-125a plasmid expression vectors  Zhang Tao, Li Dong, Li Hua, Gao Hui 2012, 16 (2):  315-319.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.029 Abstract ( 368 )   PDF (416KB) ( 432 )   Save BACKGROUND: pSuper is a kind of eukaryotic expression vectors of non-coding RNA. It expresses the precursor of miRNA in plasma, and then the precursor is cut by Dicer enzyme to produce mature miRNA. This process completely imitates the formation process of endogenous miRNA. In this study, pSuper is utilized to construct an expression vector of miR-125a, which could inhibit liver cancer. It provides basis for the further investigation on antitumor mechanism. OBJECTIVE: To construct the eukaryotic plasmid pSuper-miR-125a expressing miR-125a and to confirm the expressing efficiency and specificity of miR-125a in the plasmid. METHODS: Target fragments in the precursor of miR-125a (Pre-miR-125a) were amplified by PCR. The fragments were cloned into pMD18-T transition plasmid using T-A cloning method. The target fragments were cut by restriction enzyme and then connected to pSuper plasmid to construct recombinant plasmid pSuper-miR-125a. The recombinant plasmid was transfected into Hela cells. The expressing efficiency and specificity of miR-125a in the recombinant plasmid was detected by real-time PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The fragments in miR-125a precursor (Pre-miR -125a) were successfully cloned into the promoter downstream of eukaryotic expression plasmid pSuper H1. The recombinant expression plasmid pSuper-miR-125a was constructed. The plasmid expresses miR-125a effectively and specifically after transfeced into Hela cells. These findings confirm that the eukaryotic expression plasmid pSuper is suitable for the expression research of miRNA. Related Articles | Metrics

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Induction of heme oxygenas 1 by sulforaphane of INS-1 cells Yang Yi1, 2, Yu Zhi-wen2, 3, Shao Wei-juan2, Jin Tian-ru2 2012, 16 (2):  320-324.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.030 Abstract ( 353 )   PDF (582KB) ( 270 )   Save BACKGROUND: Sulforaphane (SFN) can be used for oxidative stress related disease’s treatment. Heme oxygenas1 (HO-1) is a kind of enzyme degrading stress hemoglobin protein and HO-1 has become the first choice of anti-oxidation process. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of SFN induced expression of HO-1 in a rat pancreatic beta cell line INS-1 and the potential cytoprotective mechanism of nuclear factor erythroid-related factor 2 (Nrf2). METHODS: During the culture of INS-1 cells, 3 μmol/L SFN was incubated for 3 hours and then glucose oxidase, dexamethasone and glucosamine were added to establish insulin resistance models. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of HO-1 protein in INS-1 cells was increased after SFN (3μM) exposure, and reached the highest level after 4 hours exposure (P < 0.05). Decreased expression of HO-1 protein which was induced by inducers of insulin resistance could be reversed by SFN (3 μM) (P < 1 005). A positive correlation was found between the expression of HO-1 protein improved by SFN and the improved expression of protein kinase B phosphorylation in INS-1 cells treated with glucosamine (P < 0.05, r=0.23). SFN may enhance antioxidative defense in pancreatic beta cells through the induction of HO-1 via Nrf2 mediated transcription and enhance insulin signaling to protect beta cells from damaging. Related Articles | Metrics

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R318A systematic review of proton therapy for non-small cell lung cancer  Wang Xiao-jing1, 2, Tian Jin-hui1, Jiang Jin1, 2 2012, 16 (2):  325-330.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.031 Abstract ( 420 )   PDF (318KB) ( 462 )   Save BACKGROUND: The morbidity and mortality of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) rank first in all countries worldwide, and radiotherapy is the main treatment for medically inoperable patients. This effect of proton energy deposition toward the end of the beam path is known as the Bragg peak. Accordingly, proton therapy should help improve the local control rate and minimize the incidence and severity of pulmonary, heart, and esophageal injury. However, the present role of proton therapy in the treatment lung cancer is still unclear. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of the proton therapy for the NSCLC. METHODS: We searched the electronic bibliographic databases, including Cochrane library, PubMed, EMBASE, China Journal Full-text Database, Chinese Biomedical Database, and Chinese Scientific Journals Full-text Database to assemble the clinical trials of the proton treatment for the NSCLC. Using the MINORS to evaluate the quality of studies, all the related date that matched our standards were abstracted for Meta analysis by RevMan 5.0. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Eleven clinical trials including 308 patients, mainly stageⅠ were identified. No phase Ⅲ trials were found. 2-5 year local tumor control rates varied between 87% and 57%. The 2-year and 5-year overall survival varied 62%-84% and 29%. Late side effects were observed in about 10% of the patients. Compared with the photon therapy, proton treatment significantly reduced dose to the normal lung, esophagus, and spinal cord. Although current results with proton therapy for NSCLC are promising, more evidence is required before proton therapy can become internationally the standard treatment for lung cancer patients. Related Articles | Metrics

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Signal transduction and regulation of bone morphogenetic proteins Wu Li-yang1, Bei Kang-sheng2 2012, 16 (2):  331-335.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.032 Abstract ( 241 )   PDF (337KB) ( 311 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone morphogenetic protein is a member of transforming growth factor β superfamily. It has a strong induction of bone formation. OBJECTIVE: To review the function, signal transduction, signal regulation mechanism of bone morphogenetic proteins and the effect of abnormal signal pathway on human disorders. METHODS: An online search of CNKI and Medline databases was performed for articles published before 2010 (CNKI) or between 1999 and 2010 (Medline) using keywords of “bone morphogenetic proteins, bone morphogenetic proteins receptors, Smads, signal transduction, signaling regulation” in Chinese and English, respectively. Relevant articles were summarized from three aspects of bone morphogenetic protein: the structure and function, the signal transduction pathway and regulation, the relationship between abnormal signal pathway and human disorders. A total of 110 articles were included. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, a number of 47 articles were retained at last. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone morphogenetic proteins play roles mainly through two signal transduction pathways, Smad-dependent pathway and Smad-independent pathway. This process is regulated by numerous extracellular and intracellular proteins. Furthermore, abnormal signaling of bone morphogenetic protein is closely related to some human disorders. Related Articles | Metrics

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MicroRNA influences the function of keratinocytes Wang Rui-heng, Li Shi-rong 2012, 16 (2):  336-340.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.033 Abstract ( 257 )   PDF (391KB) ( 231 )   Save BACKGROUND: The re-epithelialization process based on keratinocyte is essential for the regeneration of wound stratified epithelium. It is reported that microRNA-210 can negatively regulate the keratinocyte proliferation in murine ischemic wound model, and can block the re-epithelialization process of the wound. It indicates that microRNAs may involve in wound repair by influencing the biological activities of keratinocyte. OBJECTIVE: To thoroughly understand the effects of microRNAs on the biological activities of keratinocyte; to direct the research strategies on wound healing; and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of abnormal wound repair. METHODS: An online search of PubMed and Embase database (2011-05) was performed using key words of “keratinocyte”, “microRNA” for articles published in English. A total of 59 papers were collected. The irrelevant or repetitive papers were eliminated by screening for the titles and abstracts. A number of 12 papers were retained. These papers were manually retrieved in addition with 30 additional papers and 2 microRNA databases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MicroRNA can regulate the proliferation, differentiation and migration of keratinocyte. In particularly, it can block the re-epithelialization process of ischemic wound. It is expected to be a possible therapeutic target. But most of the present research is focused on in vitro experiment. It is necessary that the existed findings can be applied in animal model and clinical research. Related Articles | Metrics

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Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and myofibrillar protein degradation                                 Ma Yan-chao1, Zhu Rong2, Li Jun-ping3 2012, 16 (2):  341-344.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.034 Abstract ( 254 )   PDF (381KB) ( 346 )   Save BACKGROUND: Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is an intracellular energy sensor in skeletal muscle, which can be activated by exercise. AMPK, widely existing in eucaryotic cells, is the serine/threonine protein kinase. OBJECTIVE: To review the structure and the function of AMPK, changes of AMPK activity and the influence of AMPK activity on skeletal muscle protein degeneration during exercise. METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Vip database, http://highwire.stanford.edu and www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed was performed to search papers regarding AMPK and myofibrillar protein degradation. The structure and the function of AMPK, the change of AMPK activity in exercise, and the effect of AMPK activation on myofibrillar protein degradation were retrieved.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 35 papers were retrieved. This study summarized the structure and the function of AMPK. In the resistance exercise and in the moderate and high intensity cycle exercise, AMPK activity may be increased, and in the low intensity cycle exercise, AMPK activity may not be increased. Activated AMPK may promote the protein degradation.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Establishment and evaluation of an animal model of tractive spinal cord injury  Wu Yue, Zou Guo-yao 2012, 16 (2):  345-348.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.035 Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (429KB) ( 283 )   Save BACKGROUND: Establishment of animal models of tractive spinal cord injury provides a good foundation for the further investigation on pathophysiological changes and clinical significance. OBJECTIVE: To review the construction and evaluation of tractive spinal cord injury in animal models. METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI and PubMed databases was performed for related articles about animal models of tractive spinal cord injury with the key words of “tractive, spinal cord injury, animal model, neural function and motor function” in Chinese and English. Articles relevant to tractive spinal cord injury was selected. As to the same field, articles published recently or in authoritative journals were of priority. A total of 285 articles were collected in the initial search, 30 of them were retained according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are various kinds of spinal cord injury experimental models, including contused model, compression model, traction model, ischemia model, cutting model and chemical injury model, etc. The establishment of animal models of tractive spinal cord injury provides a good foundation for the further investigation on pathophysiological changes and clinical significance. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mechanism and animal model of muscle strains in sports   Liu Ming-yan1, Wang Da-an2 2012, 16 (2):  349-352.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.036 Abstract ( 399 )   PDF (393KB) ( 314 )   Save BACKGROUND: Muscle strain is very common in sports. The animal model of the muscle strain is an important way for the scientific research. OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize questions related to mechanism and animal model establishment of muscle strain. METHODS:A computer-based online search of CNKI database, Highwire database and PubMed database was performed to collect articles published between January 1980 and December 2010 with the key words of “muscle strain, animal model” in Chinese and English, respectively. Articles that highly correlated with current status and the development of muscle strain animal model were considered. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 168 articles were collected, and 31 articles were included to summary. Some scholars have created animal models of skeletal muscle injuries, which is useful for further research. However, acute animal model of muscle strain could not show the characters of sports in muscle strains. Therefore, it was very important to create an acute animal model that simulates exercise-induced acute strain, in order to provide basis for the further study on muscle structure, functions and pathology.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Assessment and intervention of human balance using balance master Ma Yu, Wu Qing-wen, Ma Su-hui, Dong Sheng-lian 2012, 16 (2):  353-356.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.037 Abstract ( 365 )   PDF (397KB) ( 434 )   Save BACKGROUND: As the applying of computer-aided technology in the filed of balance function evaluation, new progress has been made in balance evaluation and training. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the progress and intervention strategy of balance function evaluation at home and abroad. METHODS: An online search of PubMed database and Chinese Journal Full-text Database was performed for related articles published between January 1996 and March 2011 with the key words of "Balance, Balance master, Postural control" in English and Chinese, respectively. Balance was used as the evaluation index. A total of 34 articles related to balance function were retained. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The research type of balance function changes from pure subjective qualitative study to objective quantitative assessment. Balance master, as an objective evaluation method, can quantitatively, objectively and accurately assess the status of patients balance. It develops balance training and guides the rehabilitation plan by visual feedback. Balance master plays an important role in the evaluation of rehabilitation effect. It is confirmed abroad that balance master is effective to improve human balance. Therefore, balance master is more and more used in clinical rehabilitation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent progress in microRNA and myocardial ischemic injury  Yang Jiao, Cheng Xiao-shu 2012, 16 (2):  357-361.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.038 Abstract ( 324 )   PDF (616KB) ( 354 )   Save BACKGROUND: Myocardial ischemia and hypoxia is the predominant cause of various cardiac diseases. Recent studies have shown that numerous microRNAs show dynamic regulation during myocardial ischemia and hypoxia, suggesting their involvement in the regulation of cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE: To introduce the effects, mechanism and therapeutic strategy of microRNA on myocardial ischemic injure during the past 5 years. METHODS: Taking “microRNA, cardiac, ischemia, hypoxia” as English search terms, the articles during the past 5 years in PubMed database and ISI Web of Knowledge database were retrieved by computer. The relevant literatures were included, the literature of irrelevant purpose and repetitive content were excluded, and 42 of them were involved for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: microRNAs are small endogenous RNA with post-transcriptional regulatory activity. They act as negative regulators of gene expression by targeting 3’ UTR of mRNA, and are finally correlated with the cardiovascular disease. Recent research has revealed that microRNAs have participated in the pathological progress related to myocardial ischemia, post-ischemic cardiac remodeling and arrhythmia secondary to myocardial infarction. The microRNA expression in human intervention can exacerbate or prevent the progress of myocardial ischemic and hypoxic injury. microRNA may become the target molecular treatment of cardiovascular disease.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Physique characteristic clustering and factor structure of minority students in South China He Jiang-chuan, Yang Fang 2012, 16 (2):  362-366.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.039 Abstract ( 253 )   PDF (238KB) ( 294 )   Save BACKGROUND: Research on physical and health development characteristics of minority students in South China can provide the basis for a better understanding of civil constitution in remote and mountain areas. OBJECTIVE: To explore the factors that can affect the physical and health characteristics of minority students in parts of South China by establishing clustering, factor analysis model; to examine the comprehensive relationship between the factors. METHODS: Students of 10 minority nationalities aged from 18 to 23 years in South China were selected as test objects. The health condition of 26 399 minority students was tested by four steps: the in-situ investigation, small sample feasibility test, large sample formal test and index system establishment. The health classification and factor structure of minority students in South China were examined by clustering, factor analysis model. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are three types of physical characteristics in minority students from South China. The structure of constitutional factor is compromised of dietary structure level, cardiopulmonary motor function level and movement coordination level. And dietary structure level is the main influence on the constitution of minority students in South China.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Association of adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1 gene rs2066715 polymorphism with blood lipid levels in young adults of Han populations Cao Xiao-li1, Yin Rui-xing2, Qin Jiao-qin1, Luo Man1 2012, 16 (2):  367-371.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.040 Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (564KB) ( 275 )   Save BACKGROUND: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding cassette transporter A1 gene rs2066715 polymorphism is related to blood lipid levels and coronary heart disease. However, the effects on blood lipid levels vary by race, age and gender in the previous researches. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association of rs2066715 single-nucleotide polymorphism of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 gene with blood lipid levels in young adults of Han populations. METHOUDS: A total of 394 young adults of Han populations under the age of 35 were included. Genotypes of ATP binding cassette transporter A1 gene rs2066715 site were determined by stratified sampling and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in all subjects. The association of different genotypes with blood lipid levels and the interaction between gene and environment were evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The carrier rate of gene site A in ATP binding cassette transporter A1 gene rs2066715 among young adults of Han populations were significantly higher than that of European populations. There were no significant differences in the carrier rate of the three genotypes between genders (P > 0.05). The carrier rate of GG, GA and AA genotypes were 33.50%, 48.98% and 15.72%, respectively. The levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I were lower in carriers of the A allele than that of the non-carriers (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that the carrier rate of the A allele among young adults of Han populations is high. The level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I is low in the carriers of the A allele in ATP binding cassette transporter A1 gene. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of female nasal characteristics in Chinese beautiful Han’s females   Zu Qing1, Mi Cong-bo1, Li Yun-ke2, Song Mei-yun3, Yang Chuan1 2012, 16 (2):  372-376.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.041 Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (406KB) ( 704 )   Save BACKGROUND: Based on nose characteristics of beautiful Chinese Han nationality female was established for diagnosis and treatment of aesthetic plastic surgery. OBJECTIVE: To explore nose aesthetic features of Chinese Han nationality beauty female through the measurement of 30 beautiful Chinese Han nationality females. METHODS: 30 cases of anteroposteriorfemale and lateral star photos were selected from fashion magazines, movies, TV series and 16 external nose indexes from 30 Chinese beautiful females were measured by using photoshop CS 3.0 software.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The external nose height, length, width, depth, and the proportion related to aesthetics and anatomical data from stars were obtained, it included: nose wide/nose long=1: 1.15, the nose deep/nose wide=1: 2, the nose wide/ the angular distance=1: 0.94, nose wide/quarrel spacing=1: 1.43, and the ratio was relate with each other. The results shows that the ratio between labial groove spacing with nose width of Chinese beauty female is close to golden ratio 1:0.618, and the external nose relative face is not outstanding.   Related Articles | Metrics

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Submucosal injection of verapamil prevents anterior urethral stricture recurrence following internal urethrotomy**★ Xu Ning, Xue Xue-yi, Zhou Hui-liang, Wei Yong, Gao Rui, Mao Hou-ping 2012, 16 (2):  377-380.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.02.042 Abstract ( 301 )   PDF (212KB) ( 477 )   Save BACKGROUND: It is easy and feasible to treat anterior urethral stricture using internal urethrotomy, however, its drawback is high recurrence in the long-term follow-up. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of submucosal injected verapamil on prevention of anterior urethral stricture recurrence after internal urethrotomy. METHODS: Totally 60 consecutive males with anterior urethral stricture underwent internal urethrotomy with or without urethral submucosal injection of verapamil, in the Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, from December 2006 to April 2008, were selected. All cases were followed up at least 24 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All cases were followed up for 24-39 months, with an average of 28.5 months. Urethral stricture recurred in two cases in the verapamil-treated group but 8 cases in the untreated group. This difference in stricture recurrence between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The results demonstrated that submucosal injection of verapamil at the stricture site significantly reduces the stricture recurrence rate after internal urethrotomy. Further studies involving larger number of cases and longer follow-up are warranted to confirm the efficacy and safety of this therapy. Related Articles | Metrics