中国组织工程研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (1): 99-104.doi: 10.12307/2022.976

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

细胞外囊泡与慢性牙周炎

刘卓冉1,姜  明2 ,李友瑞1   

  1. 1滨州医学院附属医院口腔修复科,山东省滨州市   256600;2济南市口腔医院牙体牙髓病1科,山东省济南市   250000
  • 收稿日期:2021-12-24 接受日期:2022-02-15 出版日期:2023-01-08 发布日期:2022-06-06
  • 通讯作者: 姜明,博士,教授,济南市口腔医院牙体牙髓病1科,山东省济南市 250000
  • 作者简介:刘卓冉,女,1997年生,湖北省十堰市人,汉族,滨州医学院在读硕士,主要从事口腔修复学研究。

Extracellular vesicles in chronic periodontitis

Liu Zhuoran1, Jiang Ming2, Li Yourui1   

  1. 1Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China; 2First Department of Dentistry and Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2021-12-24 Accepted:2022-02-15 Online:2023-01-08 Published:2022-06-06
  • Contact: Jiang Ming, MD, Professor, First Department of Dentistry and Endodontics, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan 250000, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Liu Zhuoran, Master candidate, Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou 256600, Shandong Province, China

摘要:

文题释义:
慢性牙周炎:是由牙菌斑等局部因素引起的牙周支持组织的慢性炎症,是成年人失牙的主要原因,因其早期症状不明显而常被人忽视,慢性牙周炎的早期预防与干预治疗是保护牙周组织的重要手段。
细胞外囊泡:是细胞在生理和病理条件下分泌产生的脂质双分子层包绕的球囊状结构,不同细胞来源的细胞外囊泡可以行使不同功能,其可参与到机体免疫应答、抗原提呈、细胞迁移、细胞分化、肿瘤侵袭等方面。

背景:细胞外囊泡可以通过参与细胞间信号免疫调节来控制炎症反应,同时也可修复牙周组织,促进牙周组织的再生。将该技术应用于慢性牙周炎的预防诊断与组织再生,有望成为一种无细胞组织再生方式。
目的:就细胞外囊泡的合成与分泌、生物学功能、与慢性牙周炎的关系以及在慢性牙周炎的诊断、预防、治疗中的最新进展做一综述。
方法:由第一作者应用计算机在PubMed、Web of Science和CNKI等数据库检索涉及细胞外囊泡在慢性牙周炎防治中的相关研究,检索关键词为“extracellular vesicle,exosome,periodontal disease,immunomodulatory,outermembrane vesicles,bone regeneration”和“细胞外囊泡,外泌体,牙周病,免疫调节,外膜囊泡,骨再生”,检索时间范围为2014年4月至2021年10月。
结果与结论:细胞外囊泡是几乎所有细胞都能产生的球囊状小体,其广泛存在于各种体液中,表面含有丰富的蛋白质、脂质以及遗传物质,通过介导细胞间的信息传递来影响靶细胞的生物学行为。一方面,慢性牙周炎的炎症反应离不开细菌分泌的细胞外囊泡的介导,其能够作为生物标志物来诊断、评估慢性牙周炎;另一方面,利用细胞外囊泡制备的新型慢性牙周炎疫苗初有成效,载有信息分子的细胞外囊泡还能够参与调节免疫反应,促进牙周组织的修复与再生。因此,在慢性牙周炎的组织损伤修复与再生领域,细胞外囊泡是一种极具潜力的无细胞新疗法,但其提取、纯化以及安全性仍然是临床转化前需要克服的问题。

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8121-6828 (刘卓冉) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 细胞外囊泡, 外泌体, 牙周病, 免疫调节, 外膜囊泡, 骨再生, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Extracellular vesicles can control the inflammatory response by participating in immunomodulation of intercellular signaling, while also repairing periodontal tissue and promoting periodontal tissue regeneration. The application of this technology to the preventive diagnosis and tissue regeneration of chronic periodontitis is expected to become a method of cell-free tissue regeneration. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the synthesis and secretion of extracellular vesicles, biological function, relationship with chronic periodontitis, and recent advances in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of chronic periodontitis. 
METHODS: The first author applied the computer to search for relevant studies involving extracellular vesicles in the prevention and treatment of chronic periodontitis in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science and CNKI. The search keywords were “extracellular vesicle, exosome, periodontal disease, immunomodulatory, outermembrane vesicles, bone regeneration” in Chinese and English. The retrieval time was from April 2014 to October 2021. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Extracellular vesicles are balloon-like bodies that can be produced by almost all cells, which are widely present in various body fluids, and are rich in proteins, lipids and genetic material on the surface, which affect the biological behavior of target cells by mediating information transfer between cells. On the one hand, the inflammatory response of chronic periodontitis is inseparable from the mediation of extracellular vesicles secreted by bacteria, which can be used as a biomarker to diagnose and evaluate chronic periodontitis; on the other hand, the new chronic periodontitis vaccine made by extracellular vesicles has initially been effective, and the extracellular vesicles containing information molecules can also participate in regulating the immune response and promoting the repair and regeneration of periodontal tissue. Therefore, in the field of tissue damage repair and regeneration of chronic periodontitis, extracellular vesicles are a new and potential cell-free therapy, but their extraction, purification and safety are still challenges to be overcome before clinical translation.  

Key words: extracellular vesicle, exosome, periodontal disease, immunomodulation, outer membrane vesicle, bone regeneration, review

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