中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (29): 4697-4702.doi: 10.12307/2021.171

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

骨源性外泌体miRNAs主要物理特性及在骨重建和骨代谢中的应用潜力

李  钊,蔡玉强   

  1. 遵义医科大学附属医院骨科,贵州省遵义市   563000
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-19 修回日期:2020-11-27 接受日期:2020-12-31 出版日期:2021-10-18 发布日期:2021-07-22
  • 通讯作者: 蔡玉强,硕士,主任医师,遵义医科大学附属医院骨科,贵州省遵义市 563000
  • 作者简介:李钊,男,1995年生,江西省九江市人,汉族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,主要从事骨结核及骨代谢疾病的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    贵州省社会攻关项目[黔科合SY字【2015】3036],项目负责人:蔡玉强

Advances in exosome miRNAs in bone reconstruction and bone metabolic diseases

Li Zhao, Cai Yuqiang   

  1. Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2020-11-19 Revised:2020-11-27 Accepted:2020-12-31 Online:2021-10-18 Published:2021-07-22
  • Contact: Cai Yuqiang, Master, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Li Zhao, Master candidate, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Social Development Project of Guizhou Province, No. (2015)3036 (to CYQ)

摘要:

文题释义:
外泌体:特指直径在30-100 nm的盘状囊泡,内部包裹了蛋白、mRNA和miRNA等物质。多种细胞均可分泌外泌体,主要来源于细胞内溶酶体微粒内陷形成的多囊泡体,经多囊泡体外膜与细胞膜融合后释放到胞外基质中。在很多生理病理上起着重要的作用,如抗原呈递、肿瘤的生长与迁移、组织损伤的修复等。不同细胞分泌的外泌体具有不同的组成成分和功能,可作为疾病诊断的生物标志物。外泌体可靶向特定细胞或组织,因此是一种很好的靶向给药系统。
骨重建:是维持骨代谢平衡的关键,起到防止骨骼老化、增加骨密度的作用。骨重建过程复杂,涉及多个与骨相关的细胞,如成骨细胞、破骨细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞。除了骨相关细胞外,其他细胞系统,如免疫细胞(T细胞、树突状细胞和单核细胞)和关节软骨细胞在骨重建中也发挥重要作用。只有骨吸收和骨形成动态平衡,才能保持骨的健康。

背景:外泌体是生物分子在骨重建微环境中发送细胞间信息的载体。在生理和病理条件下,外泌体在骨重建和骨代谢中起着重要的调控作用。
目的:对骨源性外泌体miRNAs的主要物理特性进行了简要综述,分析了其在骨重建和骨代谢领域的关键作用和应用潜力。
方法:应用计算机在 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Medline 等数据库检索涉及骨源性外泌体与骨重建、骨代谢的相关研究,检索关键词为“bone-derived exosomes miRNA,bone reconstruction,bone metabolism”,检索时间为 2007年1月至 2020年1月,最终纳入文献60篇。
结果与结论:骨源性外泌体是一类纳米级细胞外囊泡,含有多种蛋白质、脂质和核酸等生物活性分子。越来越多的证据表明,骨源性外泌体miRNAs通过基因表达调节、细胞间通讯和物质转运,起到了骨代谢的调控作用,其不仅可作为骨质疏松症、骨性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎等疾病的潜在生物标志物,同时也在靶向治疗方面发挥有益的作用。
https//orcid.org/0000-0002-0192-8017 (李钊) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 外泌体, miRNA, 骨重建, 骨代谢, 细胞通讯, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exosomes are the carrier of intercellular information sent by biomolecules in bone reconstruction microenvironment. Exosomes play an important role in bone reconstruction and bone metabolism under physiological and pathological conditions.
OBJECTIVE: To briefly review the main physical properties of bone-derived exosome miRNAs, and to analyze its key role and application potential in bone reconstruction and bone metabolism.
METHODS: A computer-based online search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline databases was performed to retrieve studies regarding bone-derived exosomes involved in bone reconstruction and bone metabolism published between January 2007 and January 2020 with the search terms of “bone-derived exosomes miRNA, bone reconstruction, bone metabolism.” Finally, 60 articles were included for further analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone-derived exosomes are a class of nanoscale extracellular vesicles containing a variety of bioactive molecules such as proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Accumulating evidence suggests that bone-derived exosome miRNAs play a regulatory role in bone metabolism through gene expression regulation, intercellular communication, and material transport. Exosomes cannot only be used as a potential biomarker for osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases, but also play a beneficial role in targeted therapy.


Key words: exosome, miRNA, bone remodeling, bone metabolism, cell communication, review

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