中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (25): 4045-4052.doi: 10.12307/2021.018

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

骨骼微环境中谁决定间充质干细胞的分化命运

张纯希,李  想,周钰翔,刘  禛,杨于权,贾  浩   

  1. 上海交通大学医学院基础医学院,上海市肿瘤微环境与炎症重点实验室,上海市  200025
  • 收稿日期:2020-05-11 修回日期:2020-05-27 接受日期:2020-07-06 出版日期:2021-09-08 发布日期:2021-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 贾浩,副研究员,硕士生导师,上海交通大学医学院基础医学院,上海市肿瘤微环境与炎症重点实验室,上海市 200025
  • 作者简介:张纯希,女,1999年生,上海市人,汉族,上海交通大学医学院本科在读。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(31970679),项目负责人:贾浩;上海市青年科技启明星项目(19QA1405000),项目负责人:贾浩;上海高水平地方高校创新团队,项目参与人:贾浩

Fate decision of mesenchymal stem cells in bone microenvironment

Zhang Chunxi, Li Xiang, Zhou Yuxiang, Liu Zhen, Yang Yuquan, Jia Hao   

  1. Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
  • Received:2020-05-11 Revised:2020-05-27 Accepted:2020-07-06 Online:2021-09-08 Published:2021-03-30
  • Contact: Jia Hao, Associate researcher, Master’s supervisor, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
  • About author:Zhang Chunxi, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 31970679 (to JH); the Shanghai Rising-Star Program, No. 19QA1405000 (to JH); the Shanghai High-Level Local University Innovation Team (to JH)

摘要:

文题释义:
骨骼微环境:指的是骨骼在分子特征或细胞层面的相关骨细胞、基质细胞、微循环、信号转导通路、骨机械负荷、骨pH值环境等多方面、多组分构成的骨细胞或骨骼的生存环境,主要构成有骨髓基质、微血管、成骨细胞、破骨细胞、脂肪细胞、成软骨细胞、造血细胞及相关细胞因子等,是骨吸收、骨重建、造血、免疫的重要场所。骨骼微环境的改变和很多疾病密切相关,如骨质疏松、多发性骨髓瘤、骨髓增生异常综合征等。
间充质干细胞:是来源于发育早期中胚层的一类多能干细胞,主要存在于各种结缔组织以及器官的间质中,以骨髓和脂肪组织中含量最丰富。骨髓间充质干细胞作为成骨细胞、脂肪细胞和软骨细胞的共同祖细胞,在分化平衡方面发挥至关重要的作用,同时外部因子如物化因素、非编码RNA、代谢等共同参与其分化的调控,而其分化失调与多种病理生理过程相关,例如骨质疏松、肥胖和衰老等。

背景:骨髓间充质干细胞是骨髓组织中的一群多能干细胞,是成骨细胞、脂肪细胞和软骨细胞的共同祖细胞,遗传信息和外界刺激共同参与骨髓间充质干细胞分化命运的调控,而其分化失调与多种病理生理过程相关,例如骨质疏松、肥胖和衰老等。中国国家卫生健康委员会2018年调查显示,骨质疏松已经成为中国中老年人群的重要健康问题,50岁以上男性骨质疏松症患病率为6.0%,女性患病率则达到32.1%,65岁以上女性的骨质疏松症患病率更是达到51.6%。
目的:总结骨髓间充质干细胞分化的调控机制,更好地理解骨质疏松等疾病的发生发展,从而为其治疗提供新思路。
方法:检索中国知网全文数据库、PubMed数据库自1997年1月至2020年5月所发表的相关文献,以“BMSCs,cell differentiation,osteoblasts,chondrocytes,adipocytes”为英文检索词,“骨髓间充质干细胞,细胞分化,成骨细胞,软骨细胞,脂肪细胞”为中文检索词。根据纳入与排除标准对所有文章进行初筛后,保留相关性较高的文章进行综述。
结果与结论:BMPs、Wnt和Notch等信号通路,Runx2、C/EBP和PPARγ等转录因子,非编码RNA,激素及线粒体等众多因素共同参与骨髓间充质干细胞分化的调控,任何环节的异常都可能导致病理状态的发生,骨髓间充质干细胞与新型材料的联合应用可能为骨质疏松等疾病提供新的治疗思路。
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-1618(张纯希) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 干细胞, 骨髓间充质干细胞, 分化, 命运决定, 信号通路, 转录因子, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are a group of multipotent stem cells in bone marrow, which are the common progenitor cells of osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Both genetic information and external stimulation contribute to the balance of the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Its differentiation disorder is related to a variety of pathological processes, such as osteoporosis, obesity and aging. According to a 2018 survey by the National Health Commission of China, osteoporosis has become an important health problem for middle-aged and elderly people in China, with the prevalence of osteoporosis 6.0% in men and 32.1% in women aged over 50 years, and 51.6% in women aged over 65 years.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the regulation of the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, to better understand the occurrence and development of osteoporosis and other diseases, so as to provide new ideas for their treatments. 
METHODS: PubMed and CNKI databases were searched for the relevant articles from January 1997 to May 2020 with the search terms of “BMSCs, cell differentiation, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes” in English and Chinese, respectively. After preliminary screening based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the articles with high relevance were included for review.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Signaling pathways such as BMPs, Notch and WNT, transcription factors such as Runx2, C/EBP and PPARγ, non-coding RNA, hormones and mitochondria regulate the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Any abnormality may lead to pathological conditions. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and their combination with new materials may provide new treatment for osteoporosis and other diseases.

Key words: stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, differentiation, fate decision, signaling pathway, transcription factor, review

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