中国组织工程研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (25): 4038-4044.doi: 10.12307/2021.017

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

诱导多能干细胞基因编辑的应用现状及展望

周  璨,杨利楠,杨  琨,刘  琪   

  1. 遵义医科大学附属口腔医院牙周科,贵州省遵义市  563003
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-12 修回日期:2020-09-15 接受日期:2020-10-22 出版日期:2021-09-08 发布日期:2021-03-30
  • 通讯作者: 刘琪,博士,教授,遵义医科大学附属口腔医院牙周科,贵州省遵义市 563003
  • 作者简介:周璨,女,1989年生,贵州省遵义市人,汉族,遵义医科大学在读硕士,主要从事干细胞方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(81860196),项目负责人:刘琪;国家自然科学基金(81760199),项目负责人:杨琨

Application status and prospect of induced pluripotent stem cell gene editing

Zhou Can, Yang Linan, Yang Kun, Liu Qi   

  1. Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2020-09-12 Revised:2020-09-15 Accepted:2020-10-22 Online:2021-09-08 Published:2021-03-30
  • Contact: Liu Qi, MD, Professor, Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Zhou Can, Master candidate, Department of Periodontology, Stomatological Hospital Affiliated to Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563003, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81860196 (to LQ); and National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 81760199 (to YK)

摘要:



文题释义:

诱导多能干细胞:是指提取的体细胞通过体外重编程后转化为类似干细胞的一类细胞,其在形态、基因和蛋白表达、表观遗传修饰状态、细胞倍增能力、类胚体和畸形瘤生成能力、分化能力等方面都与胚胎干细胞相似。
基因编辑:是一种对生物体基因组特定目标基因进行修饰的一种较精确的基因工程技术。现常用的基因编辑工具主要为ZFNs、TALEN、CRISPR/Cas9。

背景:近年来,由于基因工程的进步,使细胞重编程成为可能,细胞DNA可以通过一些工具被操纵,如转基因、转录激活子样效应核酸酶、锌指核酸酶和CRISPR/Cas9。在细胞的重编程过程中,细胞首先转化为诱导多能干细胞状态,然后分化成所需的谱系,从而产生大量的重编程细胞。自10年前诱导多能干细胞技术问世以来,干细胞生物学和再生医学取得了巨大的进步。人诱导多能干细胞现已被广泛用于疾病建模、药物开发和疾病的细胞治疗,同时诱导多能干细胞衍生产品的临床试验也已经启动。随着基因编辑技术的不断更新,诱导多能干细胞技术与基因编辑相结合,对疾病诱导多能干细胞进行基因编辑,校正致病突变并用于细胞治疗正成为转化医学和再生医学研究的热点。
目的:通过对诱导多能干细胞特性及其与基因编辑结合应用的现状进行概括和总结,指导合适的方法进行疾病致病机制的研究与疾病的治疗。
方法:由第一作者检索中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、爱思唯尔数据库、PubMed数据库2010至2020年相关文献。在标题、摘要、关键词中以“Induced pluripotent stem cells,CRISPR/Cas9,genome editing,disease modelling,drug development,regeneration”为关键词检索英文数据库;以“诱导多能干细胞,CRISPR/Cas9,基因编辑,构建模型,药物开发,再生”为关键词检索中文数据库。
结果与结论:人诱导多能干细胞和CRISPR/Cas9基因编辑系统是基础研究和转化研究的2种工具,既可以深入了解许多疾病的分子基础,又可以开展药理研究。随着技术的不断发展与进步,诱导多能干细胞结合基因编辑在多个领域已开展起来,并取得了一定的研究成果。但该手段还存在不足,脱靶效应、分析成本高、基因编辑具有未知致病突变或风险变异及诱导多能干细胞植入体内突变风险都有待学者进一步解决。

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6142-1835(周璨) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 干细胞, 诱导多能干细胞, CRISPR/Cas9, 基因编辑, 模型, 药物开发, 再生, 综述

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, due to advances in genetic engineering, cell reprogramming has become possible, and cell DNA can be manipulated by some tools, such as transgenes, transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases, zinc finger nucleases and CRISPR/Cas9. In the reprogramming of cells, the cells are first transformed into an induced pluripotent stem cell state, and then differentiated into the desired lineage, thereby generating a large number of reprogrammed cells. Since the advent of induced pluripotent stem cell technology ten years ago, stem cell biology and regenerative medicine have made tremendous progress. Human induced pluripotent stem cells are now widely used in disease modeling, drug development, and disease cell therapy. At the same time, clinical trials of induced pluripotent stem cell derivatives have also been initiated. With the continuous update of gene editing technology, the combination of induced pluripotent stem cell technology and gene editing, gene editing of disease induced pluripotent stem cells, correction of disease-causing mutations and use in cell therapy are becoming hotspots in translational medicine and regenerative medicine.
OBJECTIVE: By summarizing the characteristics of induced pluripotent stem cells and their combined application with gene editing, the aim is to guide appropriate methods for the study of disease-causing mechanisms and treatment of disease.
METHODS: The first author searched CNKI, China Biomedical Literature Database, Elsevier Database, PubMed Database for related literature from 2010 to 2020. In the title, abstract, and keyword, the search terms were “induced pluripotent stem cells, CRISPR/Cas9, genome editing, disease modeling, drug development, regeneration” in Chinese and English. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human induced pluripotent stem cells and CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system are two tools for basic research and translational research, which can not only understand the molecular basis of many diseases, but also carry out pharmacological research. With the continuous development and progress of technology, induced pluripotent stem cells combined with gene editing have been carried out in many fields, and certain research results have been obtained. However, there are still shortcomings in this method. Off-target effects, high analysis costs, and gene editing with unknown pathogenic mutations or risk mutations, and the mutation risk of induced pluripotent stem cells implanted in the body need to be solved by scholars.

Key words: stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, CRISPR/Cas9, gene editing, models, drug development, regeneration, review

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