中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (9): 1318-1323.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2469

• 人工假体 artificial prosthesis • 上一篇    下一篇

直接前侧入路与前外侧入路全髋关节置换的差异:基于置换后早期患者主观感受的比较

米尔阿里木·木尔提扎1,赵  巍1,瓦热斯江·尼牙孜2,袁  宏1,王  利1   

  1. 新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院骨科中心,1骨科关节与老年骨病病区,2脊柱二病区,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市  830001
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-08 修回日期:2019-04-20 接受日期:2019-06-27 出版日期:2020-03-28 发布日期:2020-02-11
  • 通讯作者: 王利,硕士,主任医师,新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院骨科中心关节外科与老年骨病病区,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830001
  • 作者简介:米尔阿里木•木尔提扎,男,1988年生,新疆维吾尔自治区喀什市人,维吾尔族,2015年新疆医科大学毕业,硕士,主治医师,主要从事关节外科与老年骨病研究。
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院院内科研项目(20150112)

Direct anterior approach versus anterolateral approach in total hip arthroplasty: comparison of early postoperative patient’s perception 

Milalimmu·Multiza1, Zhao Wei1, Varesjiang·Nyyaz2, Yuan Hong1, Wang Li1   

  1. 1Department of Orthopedic Joint and Geriatric Osteopathy, 2Second Department of Spine, Orthopedic Center, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2019-04-08 Revised:2019-04-20 Accepted:2019-06-27 Online:2020-03-28 Published:2020-02-11
  • Contact: Wang Li, Master, Chief physician, Department of Orthopedic Joint and Geriatric Osteopathy, Orthopedic Center, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Milalimmu•Multiza, Master, Attending physician, Department of Orthopedic Joint and Geriatric Osteopathy, Orthopedic Center, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, Urumqi 830001, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    the Research Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People’s Hospital, No. 20150112

摘要:

文题释义:

直接前方入路:能够较好的保护髋关节周围肌肉及软组织,由传统的Smith-Peterson入路改良,经阔筋膜张肌与缝匠肌间隙,故经过此入路行人工髋关节置换术后,能够使关节更加稳定,术后脱位率更低。但是该手术入路学习曲线较长,术中需要具备一定的经验,且对手术室硬件条件有相应的要求。

牛津髋关节功能评分:该系统是由6项疼痛相关和6项日常活动(如行走、穿衣服、睡觉等)内容组成,自2007年修改后,被广泛应用于骨关节外科领域。该系统更加客观易懂,更能有效量化患者主观感受,故在实际临床随访中能够更好的执行及随访。

背景:人工全髋关节置换能够显著缓解终晚期髋关节疾病患者疼痛,有效改善其关节功能。不同手术入路各有其优势及不足。作为近些年比较热门的直接前侧入路,通过阔筋膜张肌与缝匠肌间隙进入暴露髋关节,更符合微创手术的理念,同时具有软组织损伤小、置换后恢复快等优点;但其存在一定的学习曲线,需要主刀医师具有一定的经验积累及硬件要求。

目的:基于置换后早期患者主观感受比较直接前侧入路及前外侧入路行人工全髋关节置换治疗老龄单侧股骨颈骨折的差异。

方法:纳入2017年1月至2018年6月新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院骨科中心收治的单侧股骨颈骨折患者42例(42髋),均接受人工髋关节置换治疗。随机分为2组,直接前侧入路组21例患者(21髋),前外侧入路组21例患者(21髋)。2组患者对治疗方案均知情同意,且得到医院伦理委员会批准。记录2组患者的手术切口长度、手术时间、出血量;对比2组患者术后1周、1个月及3个月时的髋关节Harris评分及主观牛津髋关节功能评分;并观察假体位置及并发症情况。

结果与结论:①直接前侧入路组患者较前外侧入路组患者术后出院时间更早(P < 0.001);手术切口长度直接前侧入路组小于前外侧入路组(P < 0.001);手术时间及术中出血比较,直接前侧入路组大于前外侧入路组  (P < 0.001);②术后第1,2天,直接前侧入路组患者1 min内行走距离均大于前外侧入路组(P < 0.001),疼痛目测类比评分低于前外侧入路组(P < 0.05);③术后3个月随访时,2组患者髋臼假体外展角及前倾角差异均无显著性意义(P > 0.05);④术后1周时Harris评分及主观牛津髋关节功能评分比较,直接前侧入路组均高于前外侧入路组(P < 0.05);术后3个月髋关节Harris评分及牛津髋关节功能评分2组差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05);⑤直接前侧入路组1例、前外侧入路组2例患者切口周围出现滑囊炎,患者感疼痛不适,经局部封闭注射后,症状均消失;1例直接前侧入路组患者术后出现切口血肿,术后3周时自愈;1例直接前侧入路组患者术后出现大腿切口内侧缘皮肤感觉麻木;⑥结果表明,人工全髋关节置换后早期患者主观感受前外侧入路组较直接前侧入路组更具优势。直接前侧入路虽然具有切口小、术后早期疼痛较轻、恢复更快等优点,但有一定的学习曲线,早期开展时手术时间较长,失血量较多。

ORCID: 0000-0003-1981-7259(米尔阿里木·木尔提扎)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:人工关节;骨植入物;脊柱骨折;内固定;数字化骨科;组织工程

关键词: 人工髋关节置换, 直接前侧入路, 前外侧入路, 学习曲线, 假体位置, 并发症

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Total hip arthroplasty can significantly alleviate pain in patients with end-stage hip disease and improve the joint function. Different surgical approaches have their own advantages and disadvantages. As a popular approach, direct anterior approach is to expose the hip joint through the fascia lata muscle and the sartorius muscle gap, which is in line with the concept of minimally invasive surgery, and has the advantages of small damage to soft tissue and quick recovery after arthroplasty. However, it has a certain learning curve, which requires the surgeons to have certain experience.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the perception of the elderly with unilateral femoral head fracture undergoing total hip arthroplasty through direct anterior approach and anterolateral approach.

METHODS: Forty-two patients (42 hips) with unilateral femoral head fracture in Orthopedic Center, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region People’s Hospital from January 2017 to June 2018 were enrolled, and all patients underwent total hip arthroplasty. The patients were randomized into two groups, including 21 patients (21 hips) in anterolateral approach group and 21 patients (21 hips) in direct anterior approach group. The patients signed the informed consents and the study was approved by the Hospital Ethics Committee. The incision length, operation time and blood loss were recorded. The Harris hip joint score, and Oxford Hip scores at 1 week, 1 and 3 months postoperatively were compared. The prosthesis location and complications were observed.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The hospitalization time in the direct anterior approach group was significantly shorter than that in the anterolateral approach group (P < 0.001). The incision length in the direct anterior approach group was significantly less than that in the anterolateral approach group (P < 0.001). The operation time and intraoperative blood loss in the direct anterior approach group were significantly lower than those in the anterolateral approach group (P < 0.001). (2) The 1-minute walking distance in the direct anterior approach group was longer than that in the anterolateral approach group at postoperative 1 and 2 days (P < 0.001). The Visual Analogue Scale scores at postoperative 1 and 2 days in the direct anterior approach group were significantly lower than those in the anterior approach group (P < 0.05). (3) After 3-month follow-up, the acetabular prosthesis abduction angle and anteversion angle showed no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). (4) The Harris hip and Oxford Hip scores at 1 week after surgery in the direct anterior approach group were significantly higher than those in anterolateral approach group (P < 0.05). The scores at postoperative 3 months showed no significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). (5) One case in the direct anterior approach group and two cases in the anterolateral approach group appeared with bursitis surrounding with the incision and pain, which disappeared after local sealing. One patient in the direct anterior approach group developed subcutaneous hematoma, and healed at postoperative 3 weeks. One case in the direct anterior approach suffered from inner thigh skin numbness. (6) These results indicate that at early postoperative period, patients in anterolateral approach group are feeling better than those in direct anterior approach group. Although direct anterior approach has the advantages of small incision, less pain at the early postoperative period and fast recovery, it has a certain learning curve, with a longer operation time and more blood loss.

Key words: total hip arthroplasty, direct anterior approach, anterolateral approach, learning curve, prosthesis position, complications

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