中国组织工程研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (11): 1756-1761.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2046

• 组织构建综述 tissue construction review • 上一篇    下一篇

大脑皮质类器官培养及其在中枢神经系统疾病中的应用

范文娟1,2,陈旭东1,邓锦波2,3   

  1. 1漯河医学高等专科学校,河南省漯河市  462002;2河南大学生命科学学院,河南省开封市  475004;3河南省人口和计划生育科学技术研究院,国家卫生健康委出生缺陷预防重点实验室,河南省郑州市  450002
  • 收稿日期:2019-07-13 修回日期:2019-07-15 接受日期:2019-09-02 出版日期:2020-04-18 发布日期:2020-02-29
  • 通讯作者: 范文娟,漯河医学高等专科学校,河南省漯河市 462002;河南大学生命科学学院,河南省开封市 475004
  • 作者简介:范文娟,女,1981年生,河南省太康县人,汉族,2018年河南大学毕业,博士,讲师,主要从事干细胞分化方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    漯河医专博士启动基金(2019-DF-01);河南省科技厅项目(182102310083)

Cerebral organoids culture and application in central nervous system diseases

Fan Wenjuan1, 2, Chen Xudong1, Deng Jinbo2, 3   

  1. 1Luohe Medical College, Luohe 462002, Henan Province, China; 2College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China; 3Henan Academy of Population and Family Planning Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention of National Health and Health Commission, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan Province, China
  • Received:2019-07-13 Revised:2019-07-15 Accepted:2019-09-02 Online:2020-04-18 Published:2020-02-29
  • Contact: Fan Wenjuan, Luohe Medical College, Luohe 462002, Henan Province, China; College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
  • About author:Fan Wenjuan, MD, Lecturer, Luohe Medical College, Luohe 462002, Henan Province, China; College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    the Doctor Launch Fund of Luohe Medical College, No. 2019-DF-01; a grant from Science and Technology Department of Henan Province, No. 182102310083

摘要:

文题释义:
大脑皮质类器官:利用三维细胞培养的方法,在合适的条件下将多能干细胞从单细胞生成一种能发育成神经上皮并具有类似活体大脑组织的复杂结构。
自我重组:像胚胎干细胞或诱导性多能干细胞这一类的多能干细胞,具有自发发育成某些原始结构的趋势。

背景:大脑组织是人体发育最复杂的结构,许多人类大脑疾病难以在动物体内重现,因此建立大脑发育的体外模型具有非常重要的研究价值。最近几年随着干细胞领域的飞速发展,出现了一种人工组织培养技术,即通过体外三维培养的方式,将干细胞从单个细胞生成一种复杂的、类似活体组织的结构,这种结构称为类器官。

目的:文章从大脑类器官的培养现状、发生机制、组织学特征及在神经系统疾病中的应用等多个方面综述了近年来大脑类器官的研究进展,并分析了目前大脑类器官的研究缺陷,旨在为相关领域的研究提供参考。

方法:由第一作者检索1998年1月至2019年6月中国知网、万方、PubMed数据库相关文献,检索词为“类器官、大脑类器官、胚胎干细胞、诱导性多能干细胞、神经发生、大脑皮质、发育、神经退行性疾病”“organoids,cerebral organoids,embryonic stem cells,induced pluripotent stem cells, neurogenesis,cerebral cortex,development,neurological diseases,self-organization”,纳入45篇文献进行综述。

结果与结论:利用多能干细胞自我重组的特性及添加神经诱导因子的方法,在体外可以有效产生大脑皮质类器官。作为一种全新的生物培养技术,大脑类器官在研究活体组织的发育、疾病形成的机制、组织替代疗法以及药物实验等方面都有很大的研究和应用价值。

ORCID: 0000-0002-8700-3030(范文娟)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松组织工程

关键词: 类器官, 发育, 大脑皮质, 神经退行性疾病, 诱导性多能干细胞

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Brain tissue is the most complex structure of human development. Many human brain diseases are difficult to reproduce in animals, so the establishment of an in vitro model of brain development has a very important research value. In recent years, with the rapid development of the field of stem cells, an artificial tissue culture technology has emerged, that is, through the three-dimensional culture in vitro, stem cells from a single cell are produced into a complex structure resembling whole organs, which is called organoids.

OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of brain organ in recent years from the aspects of the current situation of brain organ culture, pathogenesis, histological characteristics and application in nervous system diseases, and analyze the research defects of brain organ in order to provide reference for the research in related fields.

METHODS: CNKI, Wanfang, and PubMed databases were searched by the first author for related studies published from January 1998 to June 2019. The keywords were “organoids, cerebral organoids, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, neurogenesis, cerebral cortex, development, neurodegenerative disease” in Chinese, and “organoids, cerebral organoids, embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, neurogenesis, cerebral cortex, development, neurological diseases, self-organization” in English. Finally, 45 eligible articles were included in result analysis.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cerebral organoids can be effectively developed in vitro by using the self-organization of pluripotent stem cells and adding nerve-inducing factors. As a new biological culture technology, cerebral organoids have great research and application value in investigating development of living tissue, the mechanism of disease formation, tissue replacement therapy and drug experiments. 

Key words: organoids, development, cerebral cortex, neurodegenerative diseases, induced pluripotent stem cells 

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